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Tytuł:
COMMON-SENSE LEGITIMATION OF INFORMAL PRACTICES IN PRESENT-DAY SERBIA
Autorzy:
JOVANOVIĆ, MILOŠ
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-08-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Serbia
Informality
Legitimation
Common-sense
Doxa
Opis:
As a part of a larger research within the Horizon 2020 project Closing the Gap Between Formal and Informal Institutions in the Balkans, 38 semi-structured interviews with citizens of Serbia have been conducted in the period  July – October 2017. These comprise the database used for analysis of “narratives of informality” – stories of how the research participants legitimize (or rationalize) informal practices (using connections and acquaintances to “get things done”, giving/receiving bribe, exchange of favors, etc.), supplemented by the analysis of participants’ attitudes towards informal practices, particularly when using them themselves. An insight into the respondents’ ideas of informality was gained through describing and understanding doxa – beliefs of an individual as “a quasi-perfect correspondence between the objective order and the subjective principles of organization (with which) the natural and social world appear as self-evident” (Bourdieu) or senso comune (Gramsci) – “naturalized”, unreflected, practical knowledge taking the form of self-explanatory content of common sense, that which is taken for granted, what “everybody knows“, the knowledge of the world that is undisputed – “just the way it is”, the domain of indefinite beliefs and incoherent views of the world, the knowledge which “legitimizes with the absence of legitimizing”. The assumption is that the “quality” of doxa, in the sense of its positive or negative orientation, has a large impact on the possibility of changes in formal practices and procedures – in some cases serving as a stimulus for change, and as an obstacle to changes in others – situations in which the new/imported rules remain “empty shells” with little influence in social life.
Źródło:
Society Register; 2019, 3, 1; 105-120
2544-5502
Pojawia się w:
Society Register
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Epistemological Side of Ontology
Autorzy:
Marsonet, Michele
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-05
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
epistemology
ontology
metaphysics
science
common sense
Opis:
Is it possible to draw a border line between ontology and epistemology? A positive answer to this question looks attractive, mainly because it reflects convictions deeply entrenched in our common sense view of the world. However, anyone wishing to clarify the distinction between the ontological and the epistemological dimensions meets problems. This is due to the fact that the separation between factual and conceptual is not clean, but rather fuzzy. It is certainly correct to state that science means to offer correct information about the world, but the extent to which it succeeds in accomplishing this task is always questionable. We cannot claim that the picture provided by today science - our current scientific image of the world - is absolutely correct, because the history of science itself shows us that any such statement is likely to be rejected by future generations. While it may be recognized that science purports to offer a correct description of the real world, the past experience should also prompt us to accept its claims sub condicione, and to view them as merely provisional.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2023, 14, 27; 11-19
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The “Archaeology” of Popular Culture: Common Sense and the Past
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30148729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
common sense
memory
communication
popular culture
oblivion
Opis:
This paper demonstrates the influence of common sense on the perception of facts from the past. In order to understand the mechanisms of reduction, instrumentalisation and banalisation of the Holocaust in popular culture, we need to understand the influence of common sense on the understanding and misunderstanding of the past, represented in this paper by the testimonies of the massacre of 1500 Jews in the forest of Niesłusz-Rudzica.The main premise of the paper is that common sense is the dominant form of knowledge and the description of reality, which is reproduced by the mechanisms at function in popular culture. This paper is an example of ‘archaeological’ work in this context.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2023, 24; 85-115
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unreasonable science
Autorzy:
Pierański, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
unreasonable science
common sense
Banach-Tarski paradox
Opis:
It is argued that most of the great discoveries in science, in particular in mathematics and physics, are from the point of view of the common sense unreasonable. A few examples of such discoveries are discussed, among them the Banach-Tarski paradoxical duplication of a sphere, the non-Euclidean geometry, the special theory of relativity and the quantum mechanics.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2007, 1
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
COMMON SENSE APPROACH TO THE RESTORATION OF SACRED ART
Autorzy:
Lopez Pinto, Alphonso
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
historia
imitation
sacred art
contemplation
common sense
Opis:
In this paper, Sacred Art is examined as an imitation of historia. Historia interprets historical human events as empirical, material and real while seeking to understand their moral and spiritual significance. It is from historia that sacred art can be understood, where Christ and the saints are portrayed in the integrity of their human natures united to symbols representing Divinity or grace in order to present a visual/contemplative narrative. Mortimer Adler rightly sees that the vision of the beautiful is inherently contemplative, thus sacred iconography provides a language that can form the common sense of men and women.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2014, 3: supplement; 537-545
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taste(s) and Common Sense(s)
Autorzy:
Pourhosseini, Behrang
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31317906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
common sense
taste
sensible
judgement
universality
public space
Opis:
This paper explores the relationship between common sense and taste in the history of aesthetic thought. “Common sense” guarantees the communication of tastes through different modalities. It can either facilitate agreement among individuals, fostering mutual understanding and envisaging a universal aesthetic community, or provoke disagreement. In the former scenario, common sense is literally common to everyone, while in the latter case, it implies diversity and dissensus. By associating the concept of taste with judgement and the sensible (Arendt and Rancière), we scrutinize some contemporary political interpretations of Kantian aesthetics. Through this analysis, we illustrate that common sense is intertwined with certain metaphysical assumptions that not only hinder its claims of universality but also introduce structural paradoxes within the system of aesthetic judgment. In the last section of the article, we explore these paradoxes, proposing another communicability beyond the confines of the judgment of taste or subjective limitations.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2024, 8, 1; 13-38
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE CULTURAL DANGERS OF SCIENTISM AND COMMON SENSE SOLUTIONS
Autorzy:
Delfino, Robert A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
scientism
science
religion
philosophy
metaphysics
culture
common sense
Opis:
In his article the author begins by defining what is meant by ‘science’ and ‘scientism.’ Second, he discusses some of the cultural dangers of scientism. Third, he gives several arguments why scientism should be rejected and why science needs metaphysics. Fourth, and finally, he concludes by noting how some of the questions and arguments raised in the article can be appropriated to help the general public understand the limits of science and the dangers of scientism.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2014, 3: supplement; 485-496
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Science and Different Images of the World
Autorzy:
Marsonet, Michele
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036727.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
science
language
common sense
scientific image
manifest image
Opis:
It has often been claimed in contemporary philosophy that the scientific world-view will necessarily replace the view of the world provided by common sense. It may be argued, however, that common sense holds a sort of methodological primacy over the aforementioned scientific world-view. For example, the thesis of the indeterminacy of radical translation entails the impossibility of establishing what a scientific theory is talking about. We can say what a scientific theory deals with only by having recourse to our ordinary language, i.e., by assuming that we know and understand in advance what we are talking about normally, in our daily life. It follows that science cannot be conceived of as a form of knowledge which is totally independent of ordinary language and, therefore, alternative to it. According to such a stance, even scientific theories stem from the universe of meanings that belong to common language. On his part Davidson, in challenging the scheme-content dualism, mentions both “a dualism of total scheme (or language) and uninterpreted content”, and “a dualism of conceptual scheme and empirical content”. What we have here is a real dichotomy between these two elements, in the sense that the (conceptual) scheme is “other than” the (non-conceptual) content that is opposed to it. Now, Davidson’s rejection of the scheme-content distinction is supported by a set of arguments purporting to reject, first of all, the thesis that totally different conceptual schemes can actually exist. To put things in a very sketchy manner, he equates having a conceptual scheme with having a language, so that we face the following elements: (1) language as the organizing force; (2) what is organized, referred to as “experience”, “the stream of sensory experience”, and “physical evidence”; and, finally, (3) the failure of intertranslatability. It follows that “It is essential to this idea that there be something neutral and common that lies outside all schemes”. If this is the situation, he goes on, then we could say that conceptual schemes that are different in a radical way from each other correspond to languages that are not intertranslatable. How can we, however, make sense of a total failure of intertranslatability among languages? For sure “we could not be in a position to judge that others had concepts or beliefs radically different from our own”. Davidson’s conclusion is that if one gives up the dualism of scheme and world, he will not give up the world, but will instead be able to “re-establish unmediated touch with the familiar objects whose antics make our sentences and opinions true”. Davidson’s solution is radical, but we are bound to ask at this point what the expressions “reality” and “world” mean for him. They seem to coincide with the world of common sense which is formed by the familiar objects whose antics - as he says - make our sentences and opinions true or false. These familiar objects are tables, chairs, houses, stars, etc., just as we perceive them in our daily life. One is not entitled to ignore, however, that the current discussions on the problem of scientific realism arise because there appears to be a strong asymmetry between the commonsense view of the world and the scientific one. For instance, the table that we see with our eyes is not the same table that we “see” through the mediation of scientific instruments, and this fact is not trivial. It is rather easy to reach a high level of inter-subjective agreement among the individuals present in a room about the color, size and weight of a table, and it can also be granted that we form our beliefs in this regard by triangulating with our interlocutors and the surrounding environment. Such an agreement, however, may turn out to be problematic when we try to reconcile this vision of the world with what today science tells us about it. So, being in touch with such familiar objects as tables, chairs and stars “all the time” - as Richard Rorty adds - has a fundamental bearing only on the ontology of common sense, since our actual science shows that quite a different representation of reality can actually be provided (or, even better, it shows that those objects might not exist as men perceive them). Naturally, one can always resort to an objection of the following kind: Why should we deem the table viewed as a collection of subatomic particles more important than the table that our eyes see in daily life? After all, we can conduct our life well enough even ignoring what science claims (just like men did for many thousand years). This, however, may be judged as a serious underevaluation of the scientific enterprise. As a matter of fact, in the last centuries we are confronted not by one world-view, but by two complex images, each of which means to be a complete picture of man in the world. Wilfrid Sellars called these two perspectives, respectively, the manifest and the scientific image of man in the world. They are both intersubjective and non arbitrary. What are, however, these two images, and are they really alternative? Let us note, from the onset, that the two images we just mentioned are both idealizations in the same sense of Max Weber’s “ideal types”. This means that, in order to discover their actual presence, we need having recourse to a good deal of philosophical abstraction. In other words, they are not disclosed by mere empirical recognition. For instance, we live in the commonsense view of the world, and only a complex process of reflection makes us understand that we, as human beings, share a common view of the world, which is in turn determined by the fact that our physical structure bounds us to conceive of reality in a certain way rather than in another. Think about the importance that light, for example, has not only in daily life, but even in our philosophical conceptualization of the world. The story is complicated by the fact that each image has a history, and while the manifest image dates back to pre-history, the scientific image is constantly changing shape.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2016, 14; 14-27
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afterthoughts on biases in history perception
Autorzy:
Dymkowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430109.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cognitive bias
common-sense psychology
historical interpretation
history perception
Opis:
Contemporary social psychology describes various deformations of processing social information leading to distortions of knowledge about other people. What is more, a person in everyday life refers to lay convictions and ideas common in his/ her cultural environment that distort his/her perceptions. Therefore it is difficult to be surprised that authors of narrations in which participants of history are presented use easily available common-sense psychology, deforming images of both the participants of history and their activities, as well as the sequence of events determined by these activities. Which cognitive biases, how often, and in what intensity they will be presented in historical narrations depend on statements of dominating common-sense psychology. The article outlines some biases made by historian-lay psychologists, such as attributional asymmetry or hindsight effects, whose occurrence in their thinking, as formed in the cultural sphere of the West, influences history perception and conducted historical interpretations.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 2; 84-90
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
IMAGE AND IMAGO: A RATIONAL DEFENSE OF A THEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF GENDER
Autorzy:
Klofft, Christopher P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507616.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
gender
anthropology
John Paul II
theology of the body
sexuality
common sense
Opis:
Modern and Post-Modern discourse espouses a subjective understanding of gender. As a result, confusing new problems erupt in discussions as practical as marriage and as theoretical as questions of human meaning and purpose. Catholic theology, drawing primarily from the personalistic approach to gender contained in Pope John Paul II’s Theology of the Body, provides a consistent account of gender that is also compatible with the best evidence available in support of a purely rational approach. A defense of this approach could lead to a better understanding of ourselves and our relationships, to the betterment of culture as a whole.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2014, 3: supplement; 523-535
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interpersonal Experience and Psychopathology
Autorzy:
Kapusta, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
experience of mental illness
phenomenological psychopathology
intersubjectivity
social cognition
common sense
recovery process
Opis:
The article deals with relational aspects of mental disorders. The author takes into account the influence of mental illness on intersubjectivity and interpersonal relations in three aspects: (1) “attitude to the illness,” that is, changes in the functioning of the subject and difficulties in dealing with the experience of mental illness; (2) “dialogical relationship” in the form of difficulties in maintaining social cognition and entering into relationships with others; (3) “social consensus,” that is, difficulties in adapting to the social world and a common sense deficit. The analysis is made with reference to phenomenological research in contemporary philosophy of psychiatry. The result of this study is a reconstruction of a “different existence,” in other words, presentation of the transformation of the life-world and the specific way of inhabiting the world of a person in a mental crisis. Symptoms and experience of the illness are presented in the light of human possibilities of transformation. The analysis emphasizes the role of patients’ subjectivity and their efforts to find the meaning of a painful situation. The study of subjective aspects of disorders aims to reveal their consequences for understanding how to deal with mental crisis and to understand the positive aspects of the recovery process.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2020, 4, 3; 48-64
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Mission for MARS: The Success of Climate Change Skeptic Rhetoric in the US
Autorzy:
Ruser, Alexander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1196127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Italianistyki. Polskie Towarzystwo Retoryczne
Tematy:
climate skepticism
anti-intellectualism
media
common sense
US
sceptycyzm klimatyczny
antyintelektualizm
zdrowy rozsądek
USA
Opis:
Radio and television broadcasters accuse climate scientists of “promoting a global warming hoax”, recommending that they be “named and fi red, drawn and quartered” (Rush Limbaugh); commit “hara kiri” (Glenn Beck); and be “publicly flogged” (Mark Morano). Conservative media are crucial in promoting climate skepticism. Likewise, climate skepticism resonates well with white middle-class men. But why does the middle class continue to support “radical” positions? This article focuses on Anti-Intellectualism to explain why climate skeptic rhetoric resonates with “Middle American Radicals” (MARS).
Nadawcy radiowi i telewizyjni zarzucają naukowcom zajmującym się klimatem „promowanie mistyfikacji globalnego ocieplenia”, zalecając „ujawnienie ich nazwisk i zwolnienie z pracy, powołanie do wojska i zamknięcie w koszarach” (Rush Limbaugh); popełnienie „hara kiri” (Glenn Beck); i „publiczne wychłostanie” (Mark Morano). Konserwatywne media odgrywają kluczową rolę w promowaniu sceptycyzmu wobec zmian klimatu, którą to postawę obserwuje się najczęściej pośród białych mężczyzn z klasy średniej. Pytanie brzmi, dlaczego klasa średnia nadal popiera „radykalne” propozycje? W artykule zaproponowano spojrzenie na ten temat z perspektywy antyintelektualizmu. Postawa ta pozwala wyjaśnić, dlaczego retoryka promująca sceptycyzm wobec zmian klimatu znajduje poparcie pośród „radykałów z amerykańskiej klasy średniej” (ang. MARS = Middle American Radicals).
Źródło:
Res Rhetorica; 2020, 7, 2; 47-63
2392-3113
Pojawia się w:
Res Rhetorica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE COMMON SENSE PERSONALISM OF ST. JOHN PAUL II (KAROL WOJTYLA)
Autorzy:
Tarasiewicz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
John Paul II
Karol Wojtyla
personalism
common sense
Lublin Philosophical School
Thomism
metaphysics
phenomenology
Opis:
The article aims at showing that the philosophical personalism of Pope John Paul II (Karol Wojtyla) stems from the common sense approach to reality. First, it presents Karol Wojtyla as a framer of the Lublin Philosophical School, to which he was affiliated for 24 years before being elected Pope John Paul II; it shows Wojtyla’s role in establishing this original philosophical School by his contribution to its endorsement of Thomism, its way of doing philosophy, and its classically understood personalism. Secondly, it identifies a purpose of Wojtyla’s use of the phenomenological method in his personalism and reconstructs Wojtyla’s possible answer to the question whether there is a link between moral sense and common sense in human experience.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2014, 3: supplement; 619-634
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Common Sense in Science
Autorzy:
Przybył, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/426765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
common sense
science
philosophy
Michał Heller
critical rationalism
zdrowy rozsądek
nauka
filozofia
krytyczny racjonalizm
Opis:
Common sense is an ability common to all people and it is related to right judges based on correct perception. These elements are very important in science too, so common sense could be a universal method of dialog among different disciplines. Critical rationalism of Karl Popper, as a method of verification theories, is a reflection about human perception, it is the way to know the truth and it is objective judging. Polish philosopher Michał Heller points out a characteristics which are necessary to be a good scientist and philosopher: self‑criticism, objectivism, and discipline in thinking etc., which are common with Popper’s idea. The aim of this article is to show that Heller’s critical rationalism is commonsensical way of practicing science and philosophy.
Zdrowy rozsądek jest zdolnością wspólną dla wszystkich ludzi i jest związany z właściwymi sądami opartymi na poprawnym poznaniu. Te elementy są również bardzo ważne w nauce, więc zdrowy rozsądek może być uniwersalną metodą dialogu pomiędzy różnymi dyscyplinami. Krytyczny racjonalizm Karla Poppera jako metoda weryfikacji teorii jest refleksją nad ludzkim poznaniem, sposobem poznawania prawdy i obiektywnym osądzaniem. Polski filozof Michał Heller wskazuje kilka cech charakteru, które są konieczne, by być dobrym naukowcem lub filozofem i które są wspólne z ideą Poppera: samokrytycyzm, obiektywizm, dyscyplina w myśleniu itd. Celem tego artykułu jest pokazanie, że krytyczny racjonalizm Hellera jest zdroworozsądkowym sposobem uprawiania nauki i filozofii.
Źródło:
Logos i Ethos; 2017, 45
0867-8308
Pojawia się w:
Logos i Ethos
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Work safety interventions and threat complexity - a formative investigation into why farmers do not act safely
Autorzy:
Alwall Svennefelt, C.E.
Hunter, E.
Palsdottir, A.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
agriculture
extended parallel processing model
fear appeals
occupational injuries
formative research
Safe Farmers
Common Sense
Opis:
Introduction. Fear appeals are a common tactic used in work safety interventions to motivate farmers to adopt safer behaviours. They begin by introducing a threat, followed by information on how to remove the threat. However, fear appeals tend to be ineffective when developed without a firm grasp of the cognitive processes underlying behavioural change. Although previous research on farm safety interventions have investigated fear appeals, they have focused on very narrow threats and behaviours, such as tractor or cow safety, while others have studied the threats but not the cognitive processing. Consequently, not enough is known about the range of threats that evoke fear, how farmers behave when under threat, or their general cognitive beliefs regarding self-efficacy, response cost and response efficacy. In In this study, 23 Swedish Farmers were interviewed and participated in a work safety intervention to identify the range of threats farmers perceive, and actions taken to remove those threats. Materials and method. The extended parallel processing model was used to gain insights into how farmers cognitively processed threats and their subsequent behaviour. Interestingly, it was found that farmers were more fearful of work safety threats related to family members and employees—yet the actions they took to reduce threats were mostly personal in nature. To help explain this finding, a typology of threat complexity was developed by the authors. Results. It was found that simple, common, and direct threats to safety tended to lead to adaptive, threat-reducing behaviours, whereas complex, general, or indirect threats promoted more maladaptive behaviours that reduced fear, but not the threats.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2019, 26, 2; 280-289
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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