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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Efficiency of diesel engine fuelled with biofuels of second generation biox
    Autorzy:
    Struś, M.
    Rewolte, M.
    Rogula, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243380.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    biofuels
    Bioxdiesel
    Diesel engines
    engine test
    drive test
    Opis:
    Paper presents schematic description of the research covering production mechanism of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) from waste vegetable and animal fats, which are creating a base for multi-component fuel BIOXDIESEL as well as results of physical, chemical analysis and results of engine and vehicles tests. The characteristic of wasted material used for production of fatty acid ethyl esters is showed. Cybernetic chain of biofuel BIOXDIESEL, system analysis and structure and scheme of the chemical reaction of Ethanol esterification of fatty acids is presented. Basic properties of exemplary BIOXDIESEL and Diesel fuel were compared. Caloric values of investigated BIOXDIESELS are shown. Mixtures of the BIOXDIESEL fuels with various composition have been tested and compared with Diesel fuel during engine tests on the engine test bench, vehicle test dyno and drive tests. The diesel engines of Fiat 1.3 Multijet, Mercedes300D, Landrover and ADCR compression ignition engine were tested with biofuels. Functional schema of the measurement set up is described. Cyclodynes obtained during testing of the ADCR engine fuelled with Diesel and BIOXDIESEL fuels with their centres of gravity are presented. Obtained and described results in the form of tables and graphs can be summarized with conclusions, that the performance of engines fuelled with BIOX-DIESELS is similar to engines fuelled with Diesel fuel.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 311-317
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Efficiency of raw material selection for the second generation BIOXDIESEL biofuel for diesel engines
    Efektywność doboru surowcowego biopaliw II generacji BIOXDIESEL do silników o ZS
    Autorzy:
    Struś, M.
    Poprawski, W.
    Rewolte, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133244.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    biofuels
    Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters
    FAEE
    Bioxdiesel
    Diesel engines
    biopaliwa
    estry etylowe kwasów tłuszczowych
    silniki spalinowe o ZS
    Opis:
    Paper presents schematic description of research covering raw material selection and production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from waste vegetable and animal fats, which are creating a base for three-component fuel BIOXDIESEL as well as results physical, chemical analysis and results of engine tests. Mixtures of the BIOXDIESEL fuel with various composition have been testing to obtain physical-chemical properties and engine tests on the engine test bed, vehicle test bed and drive tests. Obtained so far and described in this paper results indicate full feedstock interchangeability of waste vegetable and animal fats with hydrocarbons with petrol origins as well as engine work efficiency.
    W opracowaniu przedstawiono schemat prac badawczych obejmujących dobór surowców i wytwarzanie estrów etylowych z odpadowych tłuszczów roślinnych i zwierzęcych, stanowiących podstawę trójkomponentowego paliwa BIOXDIESEL i wyniki badań fizykochemicznych oraz silnikowych. Mieszaniny paliwa BIOXDIESEL o zróżnicowanym składzie komponentowym poddano badaniom fizykochemicznym a także silnikowym na hamownianym stanowisku pomiarowym, hamowni podwoziowej oraz badaniom trakcyjnym. Uzyskane dotychczas i opisane w opracowaniu rezultaty wskazują na pełną zamienność surowcową odpadowych tłuszczów roślinnych i zwierzęcych z ropopochodnymi węglowodorami w aspekcie właściwości paliw a także efektywności pracy silników.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 3; 1053-1059
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    BMD ecofuel for diesel engines
    Autorzy:
    Struś, M.
    Sitnik, L.
    Piętak, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243008.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    ecofuels
    biomixdiesel
    BMD
    engines
    diesel engines
    Opis:
    The World is strongly dependent on crude oil for its transport needs. In order to diminish this dependence, we need to introduce clean, CO2-efficient, secure and affordable transportation fuels. The current production of liquid biofuels in the EU25 is less than 1% of the market. Recent assessments have concluded that the 2010 targets, 18 Mtoe used in the transport sector, are unlikely to be achieved. There can be three basic possibilities of accomplishing this target: i) use of alcohols (first of all ethanol) and their mixing with petrol; ii) use of fatty acids esters (methyl or ethyl) of vegetable oils and their mixing with diesel fuel, iii) use of synthetic hydrocarbons of the synthetic gas coming from biomass resources and eventually their mixing with other "classical" hydrocarbons. This paper presents a novel way of utilizing alcohols as fuels for a diesel engine. It is proposed to use heavy alcohols as a mix with vegetable oils and conventional diesel fuel. It is presented the way to use alcohols. Namely, the use of heavy alcohols as a solvent for vegetable oil (named the biomix or BM) and after the obtainment of the thickness, which would be approximate to diesel fuel, mixing the biomix with diesel fuel to obtained biomixdiesel (BMD). This solution will be shown for example with butanol as heavy alcohol, rape oil as vegetable oil and conventional diesel fuel. The investigations are carried out with a simple diesel engine on the engine test bed. Main parameters of engine (power output, torque, specifically fuel consumption) and the main exhaust gas component (in this case CO, NOx, PM) will be investigated. There were better results achieved than one expected. Opposed to existing experiences, the maximum of power output and the torque of engine are higher in the whole range of the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft when the engine biomixdiesel (BMD) is reinforced. The addition of the component biomix to fuel influences the specific fuel consumption. Generally, with the larger part of the component biomix the specific fuel consumption grows. Because the power of engine also grows up one should expect that in exploitation the specific fuel consumption should not increase. Very important is that this fuel could be used to reinforce old, existing now and the future diesel engines. The production of butanol is known (from biomass and in other way with electrolysis of ethanol). The possibility to get butanol from ethanol gives a very good perspective for the use of ethanol from today's overproduction and moreover without the essential change of infrastructure. All this leads to the conclusion that fulfilling of the expected requirements of European Union regarding the ecofuels is fully possible.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 589-599
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Testing of the fleet of the vehicles with diesel engines fed by BIOXDIESEL fuel
    Autorzy:
    Struś, M.
    Poprawski, W.
    Rewolte, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133811.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    biodiesel
    fatty acid ethyl esters
    compression ignition engines
    estry etylowe kwasów tłuszczowych
    silniki o zapłonie samoczynnym
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of testing of the fleet of the parcel delivery vehicles, equipped with the Diesel engines fed by biofuel BIOXDIESEL, manufactured on the way of the ethanol esterification process of the waste vegetable and animal fats, with the addition of the standard diesel fuel and pure ethanol. The comparison results of the vehicles test bed on the beginning of the testing and at the end of the testing, when vehicles were fueled with standard diesel and testing biofuel. The results of the testing at non-stationary states are also presented. The paper presents also results of the drivers evaluation of the performance of the vehicles based on the questionnaire. Presented results show that the BIOXDIESEL fuel is fully replaceable to the standard diesel fuel.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 37-41
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Feeding the engines of fleet vehicles with bioxdiesel fuel and heavy alcohols
    Autorzy:
    Struś, M.
    Poprawski, W.
    Rewolte, M.
    Kardasz, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242578.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    engines
    cyclodyne
    BIOXDIESEL
    fatty acid ethyl ester
    ethanol
    heavy alcohol
    exhaust emission
    Opis:
    This paper presents results of the research on the efficiency of the Diesel engines of the fleet vehicles fed with the new type of second-generation biofuel BIOXDIESEL at non-stationary and stationary conditions and natural operation on roads. The BIOXDIESEL fuel used for the laboratory testing of physical and chemical properties, engine tests and natural road operation, which is a blend of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) obtained from the waste vegetable and animal fats, bioethanol and Diesel fuel. For the testing, several different types of vehicles have been used: passenger vehicles, small parcel delivery vans, agriculture machines and heavy trucks used for long distance international transport. The results of the vehicles engines testing in non-stationary conditions, results of measurement engines performance on vehicle test bed and results of natural road operation on roads of the vehicles used for testing indicate quasi-identical efficiency of the engines, which were fueled with BIOXDIESEL fuel and standard Diesel. The paper also presents results of initial research, which indicates the direction of future research, which is related to increase the calorific value of the biofuels, which may be obtained by replacement of used bioethanol with the heavier alcohols of renewable resources. Physical and chemical properties of the heavier alcohols indicate the possibility to use them as an additive to the biofuels. The paper presents also results of initial engine tests with a blend of the fuel with different heavier alcohols.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 495-503
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The properties of mixtures of FAEE diesel and ethanol used to power compression ignition engines
    Autorzy:
    Piętak, A.
    Duda, K.
    Chraplewska, N.
    Ambrosewicz, M.
    Struś, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245969.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    biodiesel
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    biofuels examination
    biofuel mixtures
    ethyl esters
    Opis:
    Due to the continuous increase in prices of conventional fuels, the production of biofuels on an industrial, as well as small scale, nowadays is becoming more economically efficient. However, the usage of biofuels in its pure form is a problem when one have to supply them with modern injection systems. Due to the difference in parameters of biofuels in comparison with conventional fuels, the attempt to develop a mixture of optimal parameters for use in diesel engines, equipped with modern injection system, was made. Fuels derived from substrates which are produced independently of food production and which can energize CI engines are occupying now stronger market positions. Easier access to know-how and an uncomplicated production process result in technological development, not only in mass-scale plants but also in smaller devices which meet the needs of individual users or in which residues of other processes are neutralized or reused13 samples were tested, mixed of diesel, FAEE and ethyl alcohol. The mixtures were prepared and tested in The Department of Mechatronics in University of Warmia and Mazury for the most important parameters in the evaluation of possibility of usage to power modern compression ignition engines.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 341-347
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Molecular Interaction between Bacterial Antigens and Macrophage Receptors Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy
    Autorzy:
    Targosz, M.
    Czuba, P.
    Biedroń, R.
    Strus, M.
    Gamian, A.
    Marcinkiewicz, J.
    Szymoński, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044777.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006-03
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    82.37.Rs
    87.64.Dz
    87.15.Kg
    Opis:
    Atomic force spectroscopy was used to study interaction strengths between bacterial antigens and receptors on macrophages. This method allowed for a direct comparison of the interaction strengths in different systems studied at the level of single molecules.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2006, 109, 3; 421-426
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Clinical and microbiological aspects of the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 strains in proctological patients with symptoms of chronic proctitis
    Autorzy:
    Borycka-Kiciak, K
    Strus, M
    Pietrzak, P
    Wawiernia, K
    Mikołajczyk, D
    Gałęcka, M
    Heczko, P
    Tarnowski, W
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1393584.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Index Copernicus International
    Tematy:
    hemorrhoidal disease
    diverticulosis
    probiotics
    gut microbiota
    Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1
    Opis:
    Recurrent proctitis and the symptoms associated therewith pose significant clinical problem in proctological patients. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 strain on the clinical presentation and composition of intestinal microbiota in patients with symptoms of proctitis in the course of hemorrhoidal disease and diverticulosis. Material consisted of 24 patients in whom no complete clinical improvement could be obtained after the treatment of the underlying disease. Subject to the assessment was the presence and the intensity of clinical symptoms as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of bacterial flora detected in the stool before, during and after a 9-week supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 strain. Results: In the entire study group, the intensity of pain after 12 weeks was significantly lower (p=0,.011) compared to baseline; the intensity of flatulence and abdominal discomfort was reduced significantly as early as after 3 weeks, with the difference reaching a highly significant level after 12 weeks (pP<0,.0001). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of the reported episodes of diarrhea, constipation, as well as itching and burning in the anal region. As early as after 3 weeks of supplementation with the probiotic L. rhamnosus PL1 strain, significant qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in the composition of intestinal microbiota; the changes differed depending on the underlying disease. An increase in the total counts of the bacteria of Lactobacillus genus, particularly L. rhamnosus PL1 strain was observed regardless of the underlying disease. Conclusion: Tthe probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 strain appears to be useful in restoring appropriate ratios of bacterial populations in patients presenting with symptoms of proctitis in the course of the treatment of certain diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Surgery; 2017, 89, 3; 16-22
    0032-373X
    2299-2847
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Surgery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Social Inhibition: Theoretical Review and Implications for a Dual Social Inhibition Model within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowska, Maria M.
    Strus, Włodzimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087280.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    social inhibition
    shyness
    modesty
    personality traits
    personality metatraits
    Opis:
    The purpose of this paper is to present a new model of social inhibition (a) conceptualised as a dual structured construct including shyness and modesty, and (b) showing the complexity and diversity of these two social inhibition forms across various domains of psychosocial functioning (i.e., self-image, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural). Locating these two forms of social inhibition within the space of the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits enabled us to identify conceptually adjacent constructs to social inhibition and put the latter into a broad personality context. Through supplementary meta-analyses of the relations of shyness and modesty with the Big Five personality traits, we confront our theoretical proposition with existing empirical findings. Our paper implies that social inhibition might be successfully treated as a psychosocial disposition with two related and shared core elements, but distinct and differentially targeted forms—more neurotic and dysfunctional shyness and more agreeable and adaptive modesty.
    Źródło:
    Studia Psychologica; 2021, 21, 2; 57-109
    1642-2473
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Psychologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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