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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Formal Theory and Value Judgments
    Autorzy:
    Kamiński, Marek
    Lissowski, Grzegorz
    Świstak, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930068.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-01-07
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    formal theory
    experiments
    value judgments
    rationality
    Opis:
    When we assume that a survey reveals respondents’ true attitudes we tacitly assume that the subjects understood what we are asking them about and that they had no incentive to be untruthful. In typical studies none of the two assumptions holds. Subjects are asked questions that use undefined terms and they are asked about issues they have no incentive to answer truthfully. Here we argue that a way to solve the two problems lies in constructing a formal theory of an attitude in such a way that an attitude can be derived from the answers yet when answering the questions subjects cannot possibly know that their responses reveal anything about their attitude and, hence, they have no incentive to answer insincerely.We briefly discuss a study that has the desirable properties necessary for the proper design.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2014, 184, 4; 409-430
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Taxation of Academic Teachers’ Royalties. Controversies in the context of the general interpretation by the Minister of Finance
    Autorzy:
    Świstak, Marzena
    Smoleń, Paweł Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010028.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-03-10
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    academic teachers’ royalties
    tax-deductible expenses
    creative activity
    general interpretation
    Opis:
    The Act on Personal Income Tax stipulates a number of methods for calculating costs, which unfortunately often leads to disputes between taxpayers and tax authorities. The same also concerns the rules applicable specifically to academic teachers performing their duties under an employment relationship. Problems emerge both in the context of the manner and scope of eligibility for flat-rate 50% tax-deductible expenses. Notably, the interpretative problems stem not only from the provisions of tax law as such. They also emerge in the context of the higher education reform. But even though the observed legal inconsistencies require urgent legislative action, the necessary amendment to the provisions of the Act of 20 July 2018 – Law on Higher Education and Science has yet to be introduced. Nearly two years after the Act’s entry into force, the Minister of Finance finally decided to issue a general interpretation. Therein, it is stated that in terms of the applicability of 50% tax-deductible expenses, the Act of 20 July 2018 – Law on Higher Education and Science constitutes lex specialis, i.e. ultimately, the 50% cost deduction is applicable to the entirety of an academic teacher’s remuneration. The following paper provides a critical analysis of the present regulations as well as possible solutions to the current fiscal and legal stalemate. In the authors’ opinion, the general interpretation by the Minister of Finance fails to substantially amend the quality of the law whose provisions remain largely unclear. At the same time, its practical value for the academia cannot be denied. Undoubtedly, the fact that the same was issued by the direct superior of tax authorities will make this opinion difficult to ignore in the context of individual cases.
    Źródło:
    Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 48, 1; 235-253
    2545-384X
    Pojawia się w:
    Review of European and Comparative Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Development of green jobs in the res sector in the Visegrad Group countries
    Autorzy:
    Kułyk, Piotr
    Kaźmierczak-Piwko, Leszek
    Gąsiorek-Kowalewicz, Anna
    Świstak, Patrycja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2064837.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    STE GROUP
    Tematy:
    renewable energy
    green jobs
    V4
    Visegrad Group
    energy market
    Opis:
    The transformation process towards a low-emission, green economy implies an increase in the demand for new professions and competences. Quality changes of jobs under the influence of the idea of sustainable development are both an opportunity and a challenge for both countries and individual regions. Green jobs are created as a result of the development of eco-innovation, new environmentally friendly technologies. The development of green jobs is particularly noticeable in the renewable energy sector. The article presents the results of empirical research in the field of analyzing the number of green jobs in the renewable energy sector in the Visegrad Group. In order to identify and determine the nature and changes in the impact of individual factors on the development of green jobs, panel regression was used – a model with fixed effects. The dependent variable was the relative number of green jobs per million inhabitants in 2000-2016.
    Źródło:
    Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering; 2019, 2, 1; 570--588
    2545-2827
    Pojawia się w:
    Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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