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    Tytuł:
    Thermophysical properties of selected vermicular graphite cast iron alloy
    Autorzy:
    Homa, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Turalska, P.
    Bruzda, G.
    Bacior, M.
    Warmuzek, M.
    Polkowska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391848.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    vermicular cast iron
    thermophysical properties
    transformation temperatures
    melting heat
    thermal expansion
    thermal expansion coefficient
    thermal diffusivity
    thermal conductivity
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of thermophysical properties of selected vermicular graphite cast iron with nominal chemical composition of 3.70 C; 2.30 Si; 0.44 Mn; 0.054 P; 0.015 S; 0.017 Mg (wt. %). The comparative studies of the alloy were performed using differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry and laser flash analysis. The calorimetric investigations proved that upon the heating to melting temperature (~1200°C), four endothermic transformations take place: 1) ferromagnetic → paramagnetic at 742°C, 2) pearlite → austenite at 824.2°C, 3) allotropic transformation of bcc ferrite to fcc austenite at 802°C, 4) melting at 1173.1°C. The character of the dilatometric curve shows small deviation at the temperature above 810°C corresponding to the pearlite → austenite transformation. The values of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity change throughout the entire examined temperature range. Both curves showed a changeover from negative to positive trends between 700 and 800°C. This effect might be associated with the pearlite → austenite transformation.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2017, 57, 4; 345-350
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Chromium on the Solidification Process and Microstructure of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron
    Autorzy:
    Gumienny, G.
    Dondzbach, M.
    Kacprzyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    theory of crystallization
    vermicular graphite cast iron
    crystallization
    TDA method
    teoria krystalizacji
    żeliwo grafitowe wermikularne
    proces krystalizacji
    metoda ATD
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of chromium concentration on the solidification process, microstructure and selected properties of cast iron with vermicular graphite. The vermicular graphite cast iron was obtained by an Inmold process. Studies covered the cast iron containing chromium in a concentration at which graphite is still able to preserve its vermicular form. The effect of chromium on the temperature of eutectic crystallization and on the temperature of the start and end of austenite transformation was discussed. The conditions under which, at a predetermined chromium concentration, the vermicular graphite cast iron of a pearlitic matrix is obtained were presented, and the limit concentration of chromium was calculated starting from which partial solidification of the cast iron in a metastable system takes place. The effect of chromium on the hardness of cast iron, microhardness of individual phases and surface fraction of carbides was disclosed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 29-34
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An innovative and environmentally safe method to manufacture high-quality iron castings for possible use as elements of agricultural machines
    Innowacyjna i ekologiczna metoda wykonywania odlewow z zeliwa wysokojakosciowego z mozliwoscia wykorzystania w elementach maszyn rolniczych
    Autorzy:
    Pytel, A.
    Stefanski, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/792844.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Tematy:
    ductile iron
    vermicular graphite cast iron
    foundry model
    filter
    inoculant
    spheroidization
    agricultural casting
    agricultural machine
    Opis:
    The article presents the experience related with the manufacture of utility castings poured in bentonitebonded sands on a pilot stand. The technological guidelines were presented for the ductile iron castings weighing 40 kg and 10 kg. For individual castings, the mould technology has been developed, cross-sections of the gating and feeding systems were calculated, and pilot pattern equipment was designed. The results of mechanical tests and structure examinations were discussed. The work will continue within the framework of the project No. POIG.01.03.01-12-061/08-00. The technology currently developed relates to high-quality cast iron with spheroidal and vermicular graphite without and with the addition of alloying elements, including also the grade resistant to thermal fatigue. The idea is to simplify the methods used so far for the manufacture of cast iron subjected to spheroidisation or vermicularisation in a ladle and replace them with an inmould treatment. These steps are expected to improve the ecological conditions, reduce the fume and glare effects related with magnesium treatment, and improve the process economics. The innovative method, discussed in this work and developed further under the above mentioned project, can be successfully used for casting various elements of the agricultural machinery, resulting in increased mechanical properties of the cast elements, longer life on performance and improved magnesium recovery.
    W artykule przedstawiono doświadczenia wykonania odlewów użytkowych w formach w masach bentonitowych na stanowisku doświadczalnym. Zaprezentowano założenia technologiczne dla odlewów z żeliwa sferoidalnego o masie 40 kg i 10 kg. Dla poszczególnych odlewów opracowano technologię formy, obliczono przekroje układu wlewowego i zasilającego wykonano omodelowanie próbne. Omówiono rezultaty przeprowadzonych prób, wytrzymałości materiału odlewów i jego struktury. Prace są w dalszym ciągu kontynuowane w ramach prowadzonego projektu: POIG.01.03.01-12-061/08-00. Rozwijana obecnie technologia dotyczy żeliwa wysokojakościowego sferoidalnego i wermikularnego bez dodatków pierwiastków stopowych, jak również z dodatkiem pierwiastków stopowych, także odpornego na zmęczenie cieplne. Ideą zagadnienia jest uproszczenie dotychczasowych metod wytwarzania odlewów z żeliwa poddawanego procesowi sferoidyzacji lub wermikularyzacji w kadzi i zastąpienie procesem sferoidyzacji w formie odlewniczej. Dzięki temu poprawiają się warunki ekologiczne, ograniczone są efekty zadymienia i efekty pirotechniczne związane z reakcją magnezu a także ekonomiką procesu. Omówiona w pracy i rozwijana innowacyjna metoda również w projekcie może był z powodzeniem wykorzystana do odlewania różnych elementów maszyn rolniczych powodując zwiększenie właściwości wytrzymałościowych odlewnych elementów, trwałości a także zwiększenia uzysku magnezu w prowadzonym procesie.
    Źródło:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2011, 11C
    1641-7739
    Pojawia się w:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The problem of performance life of structural elements under the conditios of thermal fatigue
    Zagadnienie trwalosci elementow konstrukcyjnych pracujacych w warunkach zmeczenia cieplnego
    Autorzy:
    Pytel, A.
    Pysz, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/792563.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Tematy:
    spheroidal graphite cast iron
    flake graphite cast iron
    vermicular graphite cast iron
    agricultural casting
    computer simulation
    mechanical property
    thermal fatigue
    Źródło:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2011, 11
    1641-7739
    Pojawia się w:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure of Thin-Walled Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings
    Autorzy:
    Górny, M.
    Kawalec, M.
    Sikora, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380738.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innovative foundry technologies
    innovative materials
    vermicular graphite cast iron
    cooling rate
    thermal analysis
    microstructure
    innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
    materiały innowacyjne
    żeliwo grafitowe wermikularne
    chłodzenie
    analiza termiczna
    mikrostruktura
    Opis:
    This article addresses the effect of cooling rate and of titanium additions on the microstructure of thin-walled vermicular graphite iron (TWCI) castings as determined by changing molding media, section size and Ferro Titanium. The research work was carried out on TWCI castings and reference castings of 2-5 mm and 13-mm wall thickness, respectively. Various molding materials were employed (silica sand and insulating sand ‘‘LDASC’’) to achieve different cooling rates. Thermal analysis was implemented for determinations of the actual cooling rates at the onset of solidification. This study shows that the cooling rates exhibited in the TWCI castings varies widely (70- 14oC/s) when the wall thickness is changed from 2 to 5 mm. In turn, this is accompanied by a significant variation in the vermicular graphite fraction. The resultant cooling rates were effectively reduced by applying an insulating sand in order to obtain the desired vermicular graphite shape. In addition, good agreement was found between the theoretical predictions of the solidification process and the experimental outcome. Ti additions in combination with LDASC sand molds were highly effective in promoting the development of over 80 % vermicular graphite in castings with wall thicknesses of 2 and 3 mm as evidenced by quantitative metallographic analyses.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1 spec.; 139-142
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improvement of Operating Performance of a Cast-Iron Heat Exchanger by Application of a Copper Alloy Coating
    Autorzy:
    Mróz, M.
    Orłowicz, A. W.
    Tupaj, M.
    Jacek-Burek, M.
    Radoń, M.
    Kawiński, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380088.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicular graphite cast iron
    CuTi2Cr coating
    heat flow rate
    heat exchanger
    improvement of performance
    żeliwo grafitowe wermikularne
    powłoka CuTi2Cr
    natężenie przepływu ciepła
    wymiennik ciepła
    poprawa wydajności
    Opis:
    The paper deals with possibility to improve operating performance of cast-iron heat exchangers by providing them with a copper alloy (CuTi2Cr) with the use of the flame spraying method. A test exchanger was cast of a gray cast iron with vermicular graphite in ferritic-pearlitic matrix obtained in production conditions at KAW-MET Iron Foundry with the wire method used to vermicularize the material. The test samples were two plates cast in sand molds, of which one was given a flame-sprayed CuTi2Cr coat on one side. The operating performance of such model cast-iron heat exchangers, with and without CuTi2Cr coating, was tested on a set-up for determining the heat flow rate (thermal power) transferred by the heat exchanger to environment. The obtained results indicate that the value of the heat flow rate characterizing the CuTi2Cr-coated cast-iron heat exchanger was by 10% higher compared to the flow rate of heat conveyed to environment by the heat exchanger without coating.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 3; 84-87
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Initial Assessment of Graphite Precipitates in Vermicular Cast Iron in the As-Cast State and after Thermal Treatments
    Autorzy:
    Soiński, M. S.
    Jakubus, Aneta
    Borowiecki, B.
    Mierzwa, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2126913.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicular cast iron
    graphite precipitates
    thermal treatments
    austempering
    żeliwo wermikularne
    morfologia grafitu
    obróbka termiczna
    hartowanie
    Opis:
    The purpose of the work was to determine the morphology of graphite that occurs in vermicular cast iron, both in the as-cast state and after heat treatment including austenitization (held at a temperature of 890°C or 960°C for 90 or 150 min) and isothermal quenching (i.e. austempering, at a temperature of 290°C or 390°C for 90 or 150 min). In this case, the aim here was to investigate whether the heat treatment performed, in addition to the undisputed influence of the cast iron matrix on the formation of austenite and ferrite, also affects the morphology of the vermicular graphite precipitates and to what extent. The investigations were carried out for the specimens cut from test coupons cast in the shape of an inverted U letter (type IIb according to the applicable standard); they were taken from the 25mm thick walls of their test parts. The morphology of graphite precipitates in cast iron was investigated using a Metaplan 2 metallographic microscope and a Quantimet 570 Color image analyzer. The shape factor F was calculated as the quotient of the area of given graphite precipitation and the square of its perimeter. The degree of vermicularization of graphite was determined as the ratio of the sum of the graphite surface and precipitates with F <0.05 to the total area occupied by all the precipitations of the graphite surface. The examinations performed revealed that all the heat-treated samples made of vermicular graphite exhibited the lower degree of vermicularization of the graphite compared to the corresponding samples in the as-cast state (the structure contains a greater fraction of the nodular or nearly nodular precipitates). Heat treatment also caused a reduction in the average size of graphite precipitates, which was about 225μm2 for the as-cast state, and dropped to approximately 170-200 μm2 after the austenitization and austempering processes.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 4; 131--136
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preparation vermicular graphite in thin and thick wall iron castings
    Autorzy:
    Kopyciński, D.
    Guzik, E.
    Nowak, A.
    Ronduda, M.
    Sokolnicki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382764.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    żeliwo wermikularne
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    tlen
    żeliwo
    vermicular cast iron
    ductile cast iron
    Tundish method
    oxygen
    cast iron
    Opis:
    The results of studies on the use of magnesium alloy in modern Tundish for production of vermicular graphite cast irons were described. This paper describes the results of using a low-magnesium ferrosilicon alloy for the production of vermicular graphite cast irons. The paper presents a vermicular (and nodular) graphite in different walled castings. The results of trials have shown that the magnesium Tundish process can produce high quality vermicular graphite irons under the specific industrial conditions of Foundries - Odlewnie Polskie S.A. in Starachowice. In this work describes too preliminary studies on the oxygen state in cast iron and their effect on graphite crystallization.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 41-44
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Initial Assessment of Abrasive Wear Resistance of Austempered Cast Iron with Vermicular Graphite
    Wstępna ocena odporności na ścieranie żeliwa z grafitem wermikularnym hartowanego izotermicznie
    Autorzy:
    Soiński, M. S.
    Jakubus, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351080.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cast iron
    vermicular graphite
    austempering
    abrasive wear resistance
    żeliwo
    grafit wermikularny
    odporność na ścieranie
    hartowanie izotermiczne
    Opis:
    The work compares the abrasive wear resistance of cast iron containing vermicular graphite, measured in the as-cast state and after austempering carried out at 290°C, 340°C, or 390°C. Theexaminations were performed by means of the T-01M tribological tester using the pin-on-disc configuration. Specimens used for examinations were taken from the end tabs of the tensile specimens, these being cut out of the test walls of the double-leg keel block test castings. Examinations proved that the austempering process increases the abrasive wear resistance of vermicular cast iron by several times as compared with the as-cast material. A tendency for a slight decrease in abrasive wear with an increase in austempering temperature can be stated. The coefficient of friction took a little higher values for cast iron after thermal treatment than for the as-cast material. The work was completed with roughness examination by means of electron scanning microscopy.
    W pracy porównano odporność na ścieranie żeliwa z grafitem wermikularnym w stanie lanym oraz po hartowaniu izotermicznym przeprowadzonym w temperaturach 290°C, 340°C i 390°C. Badaniaodporności na ścieranie przeprowadzono przy użyciu zestawu trybologicznego T-01M typu trzpień-tarcza. Próbki do badań pochodziły z próbek wytrzymałościowych wyciętych ze ścianek badawczych wlewków próbnych w kształcie odwróconej litery „U”. Badania wykazały, że poddanie żeliwa wermikularnego hartowaniu izotermicznemu prowadzi do kilkukrotnego wzrostu odporności tworzywa na ścieranie w porównaniu z żeliwem w stanie lanym. Zaobserwowano niewielki spadek zużycia wraz ze wzrostem temperatury hartowania. Współczynnik tarcia dla żeliwa po obróbce cieplej przybrał nieco większe wartości aniżeli w przypadku żeliwa w stanie lanym. W ramach pracy wykonano także badania chropowatości z wykorzystaniem mikroskopii skaningowej.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 3; 1073-1076
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ultrasonic Testing of Vermicular Cast Iron Microstructure
    Autorzy:
    Tupaj, M.
    Orłowicz, A. W.
    Mróz, M.
    Kupiec, B.
    Pająk, D.
    Kawiński, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837866.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicular cast iron
    vermiculatization method
    microstructure
    ultrasonic testing
    graphite precipitation surface density
    żeliwo wermikularne
    wermikulatyzacja
    mikrostruktura
    badanie ultradźwiękowe
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of a study on the effect of passage of time on magnesium content in iron alloys and the effect of magnesium content on the number of vermicular graphite precipitations per unit surface area and value of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity for two different vermicularization methods. The study was carried out with the use of inspection bar castings. For specific production conditions, it has been found that in case of application of both the cored wire injection method and the method of pouring liquid metal over magnesium master alloy on ladle bottom, the satisfactory level of magnesium content in the bottom-pour ladle, for which it was still possible to obtain castings with vermicular graphite, was 0.018% Mg. In case of the cored wire injection method, the “time window” available to a pouring station at which castings of vermicular cast iron are expected to be obtained, was about 5 minutes. This corresponds to the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity values exceeding 5500 m/s and the number of graphite precipitations per unit surface area above 320 mm-2. In case of the master alloy method, the respective “time window” allowing to obtain castings of vermicular cast iron was only about 3 minutes long. This corresponds to the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity value above 5400 m/s and the number of graphite precipitations per unit surface area above 380 mm-2.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 4; 36-40
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Influence of the Shape of Graphite Precipitates on the Cast Iron Abrasion Resistance
    Autorzy:
    Jakubus, A.
    Soiński, M. S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381926.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    nodular cast iron
    vermicular cast iron
    grey cast iron
    abrasion resistance
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    żeliwo wermikularne
    żeliwo szare
    odporność na ścieranie
    Opis:
    The paper presents the initial results of investigation concerning the abrasion resistance of cast iron with nodular, vermicular, or flake graphite. The nodular and vermicular cast iron specimens were cut out of test coupons of the IIb type with the wall thickness equal to 25 mm, while the specimens made of grey cast iron containing flake graphite were cut out either of special casts with 20 mm thick walls or of the original brake disk. The abrasion tests were carried out by means of the T-01M tribological unit working in the pin-on-disk configuration. The counterface specimens (i.e. the disks) were made of the JT6500 brand name friction material. Each specimen was abraded over a distance of 4000 m. The mass losses, both of the specimens and of the counterface disks, were determined by weighting. It was found that the least wear among the examined materials was exhibited by the nodular cast iron. In turn, the smallest abrasion resistance was found in vermicular cast iron and in cast iron containing flake graphite coming from the brake disk. However, while the three types of specimens (those taken from the nodular cast iron and from grey cast iron coming either from the special casts or from the brake disk) have almost purely pearlitic matrix (P95/Fe05), the vermicular cast iron matrix was composed of pearlite and ferrite occurring in the amounts of about 50% each (P50/Fe50). Additionally, it was found that the highest temperature at the cast iron/counterface disk contact point was reached during the tests held for the nodular cast iron, while the lowest one occurred for the case of specially cast grey iron.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 4; 87-90
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Verification of modification effect on prototype castings from GJV using ultrasound checking
    Autorzy:
    Skrbek, B.
    Bouška, O.
    Nedělová, K.
    Heunisch, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380179.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    żeliwo
    grafit wermikularny
    badanie ultradźwiękowe
    cast iron
    vermicular graphite
    ultrasound checking of structure
    plausibility of results
    Opis:
    Reason for and risks of using of cast iron with vermicular graphite for typical construction parts. Ultrasound checking of graphite shape. Factors influencing plausibility of result. Difference between laboratory and operation application. Roughness, parallelism, stability and size dimension of walls. Conditions, proposals for simplification and productivity enhancement of castings checking.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 3; 105-110
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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