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Tytuł:
Interests protected under the Polish law on combating of unfair competition
Autorzy:
Kępiński, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
unfair competition
unfair commercial practices
combating of unfair competition
consumer
client entrepreneur
public interest
Opis:
The article concerns the problem of determining the relationship between the Polish Act on Combating Unfair Competition of 1993 and the Polish Act on Combating Unfair Market Practices of 2007. The problem arose when the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive was implemented in the Polish system in 2007. The Directive is based on the division, which was not known in the Polish Act on Combating Unfair Competition, relating to business-to-business (B2B) and businessto-consumer (B2C) relationships. The adoption of such an artificial division has raised numerous problems of interpretation. A better solution would be to adopt in subsequent legislative works the criterion of protected interests, which are the basis of each of the analysed legal acts. Consequently, it will be necessary to introduce legislative changes to the Polish Law on Combating Unfair Competition.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2020, 82, 2; 51-62
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The system of counteracting and combating terrorist financing in Poland in view of the existing threats
Autorzy:
Żyła, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
combating terrorist fi nancing
Money Laundering
General Inspector of
Financial Information
obliged entities
co-operating units
Opis:
The article includes issues related to counteracting and combating terrorist financing in Poland in the context of existing threats. The regulations in force on the international level, and provisions governing these issues in the Polish legal system are both discussed. Based on data from the General Inspector of Financial Information (Generalny Inspektor Informacji Finansowej), the Ministry of Justice and National Prosecutors’ current efforts to combat the practice of the terrorist financing in Poland are summarised. The article shows the potential hazards for terrorist organisations, who use gaps in the Polish system to make attempts to transfer money for criminal practices. One aim of the publication is to attempt to answer the question whether Poland, to a sufficient degree, is prepared for combatting terrorist financing and whether it is able to do it effectively, taking into consideration the scale and character of existing threats.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2017, 17, 4; 119-140
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International cooperation in combating organized crime
Autorzy:
Nurzyńska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1166073.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Cooperation
fight
organized crime
police
service
Opis:
From the institutional point of view, state bodies play the main role in ensuring the safety of citizens of the Republic of Poland in the country. The airport is a special place where state and non-state entities deal with security issues. The object of the article are institutions and services that guarantee security at the airport, as well as infrastructure and organization requirements in the field of airport security.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 106; 105-116
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combating terrorism. Classification of terrorist acts
Autorzy:
Fedotov, Оleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
terrorism
anti-terrorist coalition
international terrorism
Opis:
This paper examines the fight against terrorism and the classification of terrorist attacks. Mass and geographic prevalence of terrorist acts and their output in most cases beyond one particular country, as well as the availability of sustainable and carefully conspiratorial network connection between different terrorist groups that operate even in different regions of the world to characterize contemporary terrorism as a phenomenon having an international character.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2014, 12(12); 29-33
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FOR THE SAKE OF FAMILY AND RELIGION. NATIONALIST-RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE ON THE CONVENTION ON PREVENTING AND COMBATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Autorzy:
Warat, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
gender wars, Convention on preventing and combating violence against women, nationalist-religious discourse, gender equality policies
Opis:
This article focuses on the current wave of the cultural war in Poland which was triggered after the government’s decision to ratify the European Council Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. It examines the conservative, nationalist-religious discourse present in two daily mainstream Polish newspapers, Gazeta Wyborcza and Rzeczpospolita. This article begins with a description of the position of the Catholic Church in Poland, its role and main discursive strategies used in the debate on the Convention. Then it underlines the significance of the nationalist-religious discourse for developing gender equality policies, focusing on an essentialist vision of feminity and masculinity, importance of the family as a private matter and an influential force and diversion from cultural and structural factors that foster violence. 
Źródło:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH; 2016, 15, 3
2084-3364
Pojawia się w:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simplified diffusion analysis – cartography as a tool for combating pandemics
Uproszczona analiza dyfuzji- kartografia narzędziem walki z pandemią
Autorzy:
Budkowski, Szczepan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie
Tematy:
cartography
spatial weight matrix
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
choropleth map
pandemic combating model
kartografia
macierz wag przestrzennych
kartogram
model walki z pandemią
Opis:
The transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a complex and intricate process, but it is possible to efficiently track and contain the spread of the pandemic in a given area by observing the regularities of the pathogen’s diffusion. One of the basic measures to hamper the development of the disease was to reduce the intensity of social contact by banning free movement. An adequate response in selected regions, where the virus develops much more rapidly, is crucial and prevents serious economic damage to many industries. The modern perception of cartography as an interdisciplinary tool can contribute to limiting the diffusion of infection through spatial analyses. The aim of this paper is to present cartography as a tool to support the “management” of a pandemic. In terms of methodology, the well-known choropleth map method was employed along with spatial structure analyses. The basic category considered within the framework of statistics and econometrics is spatial relationships formulated for the purpose of achieving the set objective in the form of spatial weight matrices. In the analyses presented here, a modified Moran model was used, within which the Authors applied a row-standardised weight matrix using migration data of individual counties. The paper reviews what has been achieved so far, based mainly on European solutions. Insufficient availability of reliable data needed for advanced models (especially in the initial phase of virus spread) means that using migration data from the nearest neighbourhood can be a viable solution. This approach comes down to an analysis of migration and the population density in the county in question. A simplified analysis with a statistically significant probability allows the identification of counties that could potentially become sites of uncontrolled virus transmission in areas of high population density and high mobility. This is undoubtedly the main achievement of the publication. The results obtained converge approximately with the actual development of a pandemic. The studies carried out indicate that the development of a pandemic is influenced not only by the number of infections, but above all by population density, as well as economic, social, educational and transport networks, as shown by the high Pearson coefficient correlation of 0.83. The analyses indicate the possibility of uncontrolled transmission of the virus in areas of high population density and high mobility
Transmisja wirusa SARS-CoV-2 jest procesem skomplikowanym i złożonym, jednak obserwacja prawidłowości związanych z dyfuzją patogenu pozwala na efektywne śledzenie i ograniczanie wzrostu pandemii na danym obszarze. Do podstawowych działań mających na celu zatrzymanie rozwoju choroby należało zmniejszenie intensywności kontaktów społecznych związanych z zakazem swobodnego przemieszczania się. Odpowiednie reagowanie w wybranych regionach, w których wirus rozwija się zdecydowanie bardziej dynamicznie, jest kluczowe i zapobiega poważnym stratom ekonomicznym w wielu branżach. Nowoczesne postrzeganie kartografii jako narzędzia interdyscyplinarnego może przyczynić się do ograniczenia dyfuzji zakażeń poprzez dokonywanie analiz przestrzennych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie kartografii jako narzędzia wspomagającego „zarządzanie” pandemią. W zakresie metodologii wykorzystano znaną metodę kartogramu z uwzględnieniem metodyki analiz struktur przestrzennych. Podstawową kategorią rozważaną w ramach statystyki i ekonometrii są zależności przestrzenne sformułowane na potrzeby realizacji założonego celu w postaci macierzy wag przestrzennych. W przedstawionych analizach wykorzystany został zmodyfikowany model Morana, w ramach którego autorzy zastosowali wierszowo standaryzowaną macierz wagową wykorzystującą dane migracyjne poszczególnych powiatów. W artykule dokonano przeglądu dotychczasowych osiągnięć, opartych głównie na rozwiązaniach europejskich. Wykorzystanie faktu problematycznej ilości wiarygodnych danych niezbędnych do sporządzenia zaawansowanych modeli (szczególnie w pierwszym etapie dyfuzji wirusa) prowadzi do konkluzji o możliwości wykorzystania danych migracyjnych najbliższego sąsiedztwa. Taki sposób podejścia do zagadnienia sprowadza się do analizy migracji oraz zagęszczenia zaludnienia danego powiatu. Uproszczona analiza z istotnym statystycznie prawdopodobieństwem pozwala na wskazanie powiatów, które mogą stać się potencjalnie miejscem niekontrolowanej transmisji wirusa na obszarach o dużym zagęszczeniu ludności w koincydencji z ich mobilnością. Jest to niewątpliwie głównym osiągnięciem publikacji. Uzyskane wyniki konweniują w sposób przybliżony z rzeczywistym rozwojem pandemii. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że wpływ na rozwój pandemii ma nie tylko liczba infekcji, ale przede wszystkim gęstość zaludnienia, a także powiązania gospodarcze, społeczne, edukacyjne i transportowe, na co wskazuje wysoka korelacja współczynnika Pearson’a na poziomie 0.83. Prowadzone analizy wskazują na możliwość niekontrolowanej transmisji wirusa na obszarach o dużym zagęszczeniu ludności w koincydencji z ich mobilnością.
Źródło:
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape; 2023, 1; 45--55
2300-1496
Pojawia się w:
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combating destabilising forces in modern operations. Research report
Autorzy:
Więcek, Wojciech R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-13
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
expert opinion
scientific research
destabilising forces
military operations
Opis:
Undertaking to determine scientifically substantiated conditions for the functioning of destabilising forces and methods for countering them in contemporary operations fits in the broad scope of security. This paper reports the results of the study that employed survey methodology to investigate the matter of destabilising forces in order to provide the contribution to the current body of literature in the field. Recently published scientific and non-scientific studies in Polish and English on destabilising forces, despite the semantic differences, refer to a large extent to the problem of acting and combating such groups. The paper puts forward a series of conclusions and proposals with the intention of inspiring the critical evaluation and to encourage substantive polemics in the pages of specialist scientific periodicals. This material may serve as the basis for further detailed research into destabilising forces – the subject that is not only a pressing current issue, but above all a prospective area for research as part of the security sciences.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 25, 3; 37-54
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laboratory study of effectiveness of sorbents intended for oil spill combating
Autorzy:
Kończewicz, W.
Walaszkowska, N.
Lachowicz, D.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Opis:
While various floating objects driven by combustion engines are exploited, unintentional oil spill might be done (caused by fuel, lubricant or gear leaks). So arisen undesirable pollution is usually removed from water environment using various types of booms, pumps and skimmers as well as by various oil-sorption materials. Sometimes oil spills are dispersed into bulk of water (only in water-areas that are rich with oil-consumption bacteria). The reason for undertaking investigations described in this paper was a real problem with oil pollution in narrow spaces of port and shipyard basins, marines and inland shipping routes. The paper describes study on sorptivity of chosen materials proposed as measures to combat oil spills on the water surface. Natural, synthetic and mineral materials were investigated at laboratory conditions, which was based on contacting those materials with, on the one hand, only water and – on the second hand – with oil in two ways, namely: with oil only and with oil as a film on the water surface. The authors presents in graphical form dependencies of sorptivity on a type of sorbent and on the time. In addition, air temperature, oxygen content in the water, density and viscosity oil are registered. The data obtained from the measurements play a role input data to establish procedure for usefulness of defines sorbent-materials in define conditions of application.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 247-254
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish Legal and Organisational Solutions Combating Terrorism
Autorzy:
Wiśniewski, Bernard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374872.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
internal security
terrorism
terrorist threats
counter-terrorism
security culture
Opis:
Legal solutions adopted over the past few years in Poland indicate that attempts are being systematically made to improve the mechanism for counteracting terrorism. Terrorism in Poland has been opposed for a long time. The commencement of such systematic solutions took place on the 25th of October 2006 through the appointment by the Prime Minister of the Inter-ministerial Team for Terrorist Threats and ended ten years later, on the 10th of June 2016, by the adoption of the law on anti-terrorist activities. For the above-mentioned reasons, the two main parts are devoted to the issues of the commencement of legal and organisational undertakings in the fight against terrorism and the characteristics of systemic statutory solutions are preceded by considerations with conclusions. The article discusses the issues of initiatives undertaken by the government administration and presents the circumstances in which it tried to face up to the problem of developing draft laws of the law now in force. In consequence, this serves to present the areas of responsibility and tasks of government administration bodies specified in the said Act. The considerations presented in this study indicate that global and national experience gained in recent years has shaped the“Polish model of combating terrorism”, which has recently found its confirmation in the relevant legal provisions. The basis for the development of this article is the interest in improving the effectiveness of combating terrorism which, for obvious reasons, is not reducing and remains very substantial. This applies to both theoreticians and practitioners. This results first of all from the needs of the challenges and threats that are subject to dynamic changes. Secondly, through the adaptation of the tools used by the state, including those mainly legal of a legal nature. These must be improved from the moment of their implementation.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(1); 137-145
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A New Chapter in the EU Counterterrorism Policy? The Main Changes Introduced by the Directive 2017/541 on Combating Terrorism
Autorzy:
MaliszewskaNienartowicz, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
combating terrorism in the EU
Decision 2002/475/JHA
Directive 2017/541
foreign terrorist fighters
protection of terrorism victims
terrorist offences
the Council Framework
Opis:
Taking into account that terrorism has grown in recent years, the EU institutions decided to update the legal framework which provides for fighting this phenomenon. Consequently, the Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA was replaced by the EU Directive 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council on combating terrorism, which should be implemented by the Member States by 8 September 2018. This new act contains a long list of terrorist offences, offences related to a terrorist group, and offences related to terrorist activities. It also stipulates penal sanctions for terrorist offences and provides measures of protection, support and assistance for terrorism victims. This article is a commentary on these groups of provisions and compares them to the previously binding ones. Thus, it indicates the legal changes introduced by the Directive which have to be taken into account by the Member States while implementing it. The comparison of these new provisions with the previously binding ones is also helpful in answering the question posed in the title: Can the Directive 2017/541 be treated as a new chapter in combating terrorism by the European Union?
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 185-201
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Counteracting and combating terrorism and ecoterrorism by police and border guard
Autorzy:
Chochowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka – Edukacja – Rozwój w Warszawie
Tematy:
public safety
terrorism
ecoterrorism
Police
Border Guard
Opis:
Terrorism and ecoterrorism are one of the contemporary public safety threats in Po-land. The emerging radical ideologies that assume violence and terror find their sup-porters, which enforce state activity. Both the Police and the Border Guard, guarding the broadly understood security and public order, are obliged to counteract and combat terrorism. This article presents considerations regarding counteracting and combating terrorism and ecoterrorism in Poland by the Police and the Border Guard. Thanks to their activities, it is possible to identify terrorist threats and counteract them, as well as to prosecute the perpetrators of acts of terrorism.
Źródło:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences; 2019, 9(1); 291-300
2450-2146
2451-1064
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corruption: the Polish perspective of combating it in light of the World Bank’s experiences
Autorzy:
Purchla, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904050.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Małopolska Szkoła Administracji Publicznej
Tematy:
corruption
World Bank
Polska
Opis:
Objectives: The aim of this article is to identify the main weaknesses in Poland in combating corruption in the context of the World Bank’s experiences. Research Design & Methods: Various notions of corruption will be presented. This article will also indicate the most important conclusions from a number of previous scientific studies in the field of corruption conducted under the aegis of the World Bank. Findings: Reducing motivation to accept or provide undue benefits is directly related to an increased effectiveness in detecting corruption. The World Bank also points out that one of the most effective tools in fighting corruption is counteracting the legalisation of benefits obtained through corrupt activities. Contribution: In the Polish perspective, a positive correlation between a weaker, less operational state apparatus and the frequency of corruption will be shown.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance; 2019, 1(47); 61-73
1898-3529
2658-1116
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal methods for combating unemployment among older people
Autorzy:
Paluszkiewicz, Magdalena
Wrocławska, Tatiana
Włodarczyk, Mirosław
Petrylaite, Daiva
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/40494056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The practical value of the presented study cannot be underestimated due to the still observed high unemployment rate of older people and the lack of a coherent and comprehensive political and social programs in this area. The principal concern of research study conducted in the framework of scientific project was to examine the different efforts and initiatives, including legal measures and instruments undertaken to limit the scope of the aforementioned phenomenon. For this aim research objectives were focused on re-conceptualization of legal measures drawn on model perspective. The research was based on examining the legal regulations of selected European countries: Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Germany, Slovakia and Hungary. The objective scope of the study cover analyses of the Iegal institutions, successfully used in the aforementioned countries to reduce or displace unemployment providing some assumptions for their application in Polish social and economic circumstances.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Książka
Tytuł:
Challenges of Combating Cartels, 14 Years After the Enactment of Indonesian Competition Law
Autorzy:
Wahyuningtyas, Sih Yuliana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Competition law
law enforcement
Indonesia
cartels
Opis:
Fourteen years after the enactment of Indonesian Competition Law, the public has had the chance to witness the enforcement practice of the Commission for the Supervision of Business Activities (the Kppu), the competition supervisory authority of Indonesia. Being recognized as an aggressive competition agency, the enforcement of Indonesian Competition Law seems to largely rely on the discretion of the Kppu. However, a review needs to take place not only of how the competition authority accomplishes its tasks, but also how the enforcement process is outlined in the provisions of the Law itself. Around 72% of the cases dealt with by the Kppu concern bid-rigging, 14% cover other types of cartel practices, further types of anticompetitive conduct account for the rest. Despite being criticized as having excessive authority covering the investigation, prosecution, and ruling on competition law cases, the Kppu faces problems in battling cartel practices because major legal flaws exist, for instance concerning collecting evidences. The discussion will be limited to the combat with cartels. Competition law enforcement through the Kppu is administrative in nature albeit with some criminal law influences (evidence). Although it is possible to enforce the law by means of criminal injunctions and private claims, they have rarely been used so far, mainly because Indonesian Competition Law lacks clarity. Problems with existing procedures are rooted in the Kppu’s inability to obtain sufficient evidences. Two propositions are made how to deal with these difficulties – using indirect evidence and implementing a leniency programme, both based on existing Indonesian Competition Law or by amending the Law and inserting new provisions which would explicitly allow the use of both indirect evidence and a leniency programme.
Quatorze ans après la promulgation de la Loi indonésienne sur la concurrence,le public a eu la chance d’assister à la pratique de l’application accomplie par la Commission pour la Supervision des activités commerciales (la KPPU), l’autorité de surveillance de la concurrence de l’Indonésie. Reconnu comme une autorité de la concurrence agressive, l’application de la Loi indonésienne de la concurrence semble se référer largement à la discrétion de la KPPU. Toutefois, un examen doit avoir lieu non seulement sur la façon dont l’autorité de la concurrence accomplit ses tâches, mais aussi la façon dont le processus d’application est décrite dans les dispositions de la Loi elle-même. Environ 72% des affaires traitées par la KPPU concernent des offres collusoires, 14% d’autres types de pratiques de cartel et encore d’autres types de comportement anticoncurrentiel compte pour le reste. En dépit d’être critiqué comme ayant autorité excessive couvrant des enquêtes, des poursuites, et des jugements sur les affaires de droit de la concurrence, la KPPU fait face aux problèmes rélatifs à la lutte contre les pratiques de cartel, car les grandes failles juridiques existent, par exemple en ce qui concerne la collecte des preuves. La discussion sera limitée à la lutte contre les cartels. L’application de la loi de la concurrence par la KPPU est de nature administrative mais avec quelques influences provenant du droit pénal (preuves). Bien qu’il soit possible d’appliquer la loi au moyen d’injonctions pénales et des demandes privées, ils ont été rarement utilisées jusqu’à présent, à cause de manque de clarté par rapport au droit indonésien de la concurrence. Les problèmes avec des procédures existantes sont enracinés dans l’incapacité de la KPPU d’obtenir des preuv es suffisantes. Deux propositions ont été faites sur la manière permettant de résoudre ces difficultés - en utilisant des preuves indirectes et en mettant en œuvre un programme de clémence, tous les deux basés sur la Loi indonésienne actuelle sur la concurrence ou en modifiant la Loi et introduisant des nouvelles dispositions qui permettraient explicitement l’utilisation des deux preuves indirectes et un programme de clémence
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2014, 7(10); 279-306
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of modern technology by financial institutions in combating financial exclusion
Autorzy:
Cichowicz, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
financial exclusion
financial education
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Opis:
Financial exclusion can be considered as one of the important problems in countries at the average level of socioeconomic development that include, among others, Poland. It consists in the presence of difficulties in accessing and/or using financial products and services available on the main market that meet the needs of individuals, which prevents them from leading a normal life in society. Due to its own characteristics and trends in financial markets, this phenomenon is closely linked to the issue of the digital divide. Accordingly, it can be seen that solutions leading to the reduction of financial exclusion are based on tools using information technology innovations and modern technologies. One of the methods recognised as the most effective in this area is financial education, aimed largely at children and adolescents, which additionally justifies the choice of such tools. It is equally important to determine the extent to which modern instruments are preferred in comparison with traditional ones. The aim of this paper will be the analysis of the solutions based on modern technologies that are used in actions taken to prevent financial exclusion in selected EU countries, including Poland. The structure of the paper is as follows: the first part will present the problem of financial exclusion (identifying groups particularly at risk), then a review of methods of preventing and combating financial exclusion will be presented, with particular emphasis on modern ICT tools, and the final part will indicate possible directions and barriers to the solutions that may lead to a reduced level of financial exclusion of individuals. The methods used include an in-depth analysis of the literature and a review of existing solutions which financial institutions provide on the Web.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2018, 21, 5; 109-119
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 52

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