Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "learning materials" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Activating role of interactive didactic materials in teaching computer subjects
    Autorzy:
    Lis, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103021.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    interactivity
    learning materials
    computer subjects
    multimedia course
    Opis:
    In the days of the visual culture a manner of the transmission of information plays a very important role. Adopting a technique of the join of text, graphics, sound and animation in frames of the uniform structure of presenting data, particularly in the education, it is possible to achieve good results in handing over of knowledge than at using only one of the media. The article presents the results of research devoted to the influence of visual and textual teaching materials, on the level of assimilation of knowledge subjects and their involvement in the assimilation of content. The analysis of the results showed that the visualization of teaching content is a factor significantly activating the educational process and affecting the level of knowledge assimilation.
    Źródło:
    Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2015, 9, 28; 139-143
    2299-8624
    Pojawia się w:
    Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Change of Study, Training System, the Possibility of a Survey of Students XXI-st Century
    Autorzy:
    PARÁZSÓ, Lenke T.
    PÉTER, Antal
    GNATYUK, Sergey P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/455519.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
    Tematy:
    online
    IT generation
    e-learning materials
    interaction
    reliability
    validity
    Opis:
    As teachers we have to think about our capability of delivering both „Traditional” and „Future-oriented” content in the language of digital natives. The first requires broad sweeping material conversion and methodological change, while the second calls for additional new content and new thinking. Nowadays, when the digital competence of students far exceeds that of the average adult or even of teachers the most important task is the development of educational materials that are easy to process and work with. If we want to address our students successfully and keep pace with the times we have to rely on the latest information and communication technology and web 2.0 approaches. The forthcoming analysis of the learning styles of students and the information acquisition and teaching styles of instructors aims to increase the effectiveness of the teaching – learning process along with identifying the necessary background criteria. Additional goals include the examination of the most frequently used platforms and methods and the respective correlations both from the vantage point of instructors and students.
    Źródło:
    Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2015, 6, 1; 262-272
    2080-9069
    Pojawia się w:
    Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ICT as material culture in CALL
    Autorzy:
    Gajek, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783121.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    CALL
    digital learning materials
    langugage learnig and teaching
    ELT
    methodology of teaching languages
    Opis:
    Human and technology interactions are two directional. A human makes use of the technology available, but the technology enhances human potential and creates opportunities for further development in the use of technology. This mutual influence will be presented on the example of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in language learning and teaching LL&T. Both historical perspectives on CALL and the contemporary practices illustrate interrelations between material artefacts and their use for learning purposes in the multilingual reality of the Internet. The results of research on teachers of foreign languages show that material culture gives ground for social and pedagogical practices but human perceptions, opinions, and actions constitute the actual use of it.
    Źródło:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2017, 3, 1
    2450-5455
    2451-2125
    Pojawia się w:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Ausspracheschulung im DaF-Unterricht in Japan – Ein Versuch zur Entwicklung von Lehr-/Lernmaterialien
    Autorzy:
    Nakagawa, Junko
    Tachikawa, Mutsumi
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/458699.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
    Tematy:
    Pronunciation training
    teaching/learning materials
    German as a foreign language
    core items
    autonomous learning
    Ausspracheschulung
    Lehr-/Lernmaterialien
    DaF
    Kernmerkmale
    autonomes Lernen
    Opis:
    Possibilities and Limitations of Pronunciation Training in DaF-Teaching in Japan – An Attempt to develop Teaching and Learning Materials The aim of our research is to propose a pronunciation syllabus suitable for Japanese learners of German at universities, and to develop teaching and learning materials with phonetic explanations and exercises. The theoretical possibilities and the empirical data we have got so far provide the basis for a pronunciation syllabus for Japanese DaF learners. This consists of those phonological and phonetic features which seem to be crucial as safeguards against breakdowns in communication. Concentrating on these items is likely to be more effective than attending to every detail of German pronunciation. In this paper we explain the process of determining the „core items“ („Kernmerkmale“).
    Diese Arbeit stellt das Konzept einer für japanische Deutschlernende an Hochschulen geeignete Ausspracheschulung und dazu ein auf Aussprache spezialisiertes Lehr-/Lernmaterial vor. Wegen normalerweise knapper Unterrichtsstunden für Aussprache soll ein Aussprache-Verzeichnis aufs Wichtigste beschränkt werden. Die phonetischen und phonologischen Eigenschaften, die schwerpunktmäßig behandelt werden sollten, ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������werden „Kernmerkmale“ genannt. Sie gelten als Garantie für Verständlichkeit, um mit Gesprächspartnern erfolgreich zu kommunizieren. Die Konzentration auf diese Kernmerkmale ist auch in der Hinsicht effektiv, da sie mit einem Überblick über das Lernziel die Lernenden dabei unterstützt, selbstständig und aktiv mit dem Lernstoff umzugehen.
    Źródło:
    Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław; 2018, 14; 139-147
    2084-3062
    2657-5647
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of standardization in the development of e-learning
    Autorzy:
    Prauzner, T.
    Ptak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106158.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    e-learning
    standardization
    didactic materials
    technology
    Opis:
    This paper presents the essential issues of creating the educational content of e-learning platforms from the viewpoint of both didactic and technological standards. Although e-learning is currently the fastest developing method of distance learning based on the most advanced information technology, the problems of content standardization have not been sufficiently dealt with so far. Owing to that, this paper touches upon the most essential aspects of creating didactic materials employing advanced information technology.
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio AI, Informatica; 2012, 12, 2; 87-92
    1732-1360
    2083-3628
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio AI, Informatica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rethink your old teaching methods: designing a pronunciation course for young teenagers
    Autorzy:
    Lipińska, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783250.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    foreign language learning
    pronunciation teaching
    teaching materials
    Opis:
    ABSTRACT   Numerous studies (e.g. Lipińska, 2014; Majer, 2002; Nowacka, 2003; Sobkowiak, 2002; Szpyra-Kozłowska, et al., 2002; Szpyra-Kozłowska, 2008; Waniek-Klimczak, 2002; Wrembel, 2002) have shown that although teaching L2 pronunciation is included in university curricula, it is at the same time virtually absent at lower stages of education. Moreover, it has been noticed that teaching phonetics to younger learners is advisable and may be really effective (e.g. Lipińska, in press a; Nixon and Tomlinson, 2005). Undoubtedly, one can say that there are a lot of books and courses designed for adults written by and for Polish learners of English (e.g. Porzuczek et al., 2013; Sawala et al., 2011) or dedicated to international users (e.g. Baker, 2006; Hancock, 2008; Hewings, 2010). But the materials and methods used while working with adult learners and university students are no longer applicable if one wants to teach phonetics in a different environment and create an attractive and efficient course for children or young teenagers, since, as e.g. Komorowska (2011) notices, each foreign language course has to be characterised by realistic goals and appropriate methods and components. The aim of this paper is to present various methods and materials which can be successfully applied while teaching English pronunciation to 11-13-year-olds. They have been used in three groups consisting of such L2 learners, and their usefulness and effectiveness have been proven by studies on both speech production and perception (e.g. Lipińska, in press b).
    Źródło:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2018, 4, 1
    2450-5455
    2451-2125
    Pojawia się w:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Lesson Design on the Subject of Religion as a Course Unit in Language Teaching
    Autorzy:
    Coşkun, Hasan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18105054.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-09-27
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
    Tematy:
    German
    religion
    levels
    materials
    active learning method
    planning
    Opis:
    Aim. The purpose of this qualitative research is the preparation, implementation and evaluation of a sample lesson focused on the selection of the subject of religion for the German courses taught in universities. The second purpose of this research is to contribute to international understanding between peoples with different religious beliefs. Methods. This research pertaining to religion is qualitative in nature. In this research, the document analysis technique was used. The research on the subject of religion was taken up during the 2021/2022 academic year in my selective German courses at the Hacettepe University. Results. The successful contribution of the lesson planning model mentioned in this article was also observed in the teaching activities in primary and secondary schools conducted earlier. It was also seen that the students who attended the German courses in connection with education or work in Europe. Conclusions. It was observed that the participants talked about Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism. It is important to remark that the interest of the participants in German lessons still continues. Therefore, effective lesson planning models and unique methods should be further developed. Originality. German language courses are offered as a foreign language learning practice in Turkish schools, private institutions and universities as elective foreign language courses. Students from all the departments of the university may attend the elective German language classes. To conduct the German courses effectively, a suitable method should be developed which will help the participants who come from different countries and students with different levels of fluency.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2022, 13, 2; 263-284
    2081-1640
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Hybrid, finite element-artificial neural network model for composite materials
    Zastosowanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych w modelowaniu numerycznym kompozytów przy pomocy metody elementów skończonych
    Autorzy:
    Lefik, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281993.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
    Tematy:
    artificial neural network
    composite materials
    self-learning FE method
    Opis:
    An application of Artificial Neural Networks for a definition of the effective constitutive law for a composite is described in the paper. First, a classical homogenisation procedure is directly interpreted with a use of this numerical tool. Next, a self-learning Finite Element code (FE with ANN inside) is used in the case when the effective constitutive law is deduced from a numerical experiment (substituting here a purely phenomenological approach). The new contribution to the classical self-learning procedure consists of its adaptation to a case of a non-monotonic loading (non-to-one load-deformation curve). This new ability of the method is principally due to the incremental form of the constitutive equation and the respective scheme of the neural network structure. Also an organisation of a constitutive data-base containing learning patterns is suitably modified. It is shown by examples that the training process is very quick. The error of this method is smaller, comparing to other schemes of data acquisition.
    W artykule opisano zastosowanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych do określenia efektywnego związku konstytutywnego dla kompozytów. To narzędzie numeryczne użyte zostało dwojako: do bezpośredniego zapisu wyników otrzymanych w ramach klasycznej metody homogenizacji oraz do wnioskowania o własnościach efektywnych na podstawie eksperymentu numerycznego (zastępującego eksperyment rzeczywisty) wykonanego na małej, lecz reprezentatywnej próbce kompozytu. W tym drugim przypadku zastosowano schemat "samouczącego się" programu metody elementów skończonych, w którym związek konstytutywny opisany jest siecią neuronową. Schemat ten zaadaptowano tak, że może być użyty w przypadku obciążeń niemonotonicznych oraz wtedy, gdy zależność: miara odkształcenia-miara naprężenia nie jest wzajemnie jednoznaczna. Te nowe możliwości uzyskane zostały dzięki przedstawieniu związku konstytutywnego w formie przyrostowej oraz opracowania odpowiedniej do tego budowy sieci neuronowej. Schemat "samouczącego się" programu MES charakteryzuje się tym, że proces formułowania nieznanego związku konstytutywnego jest szybki, a zgodność modelu numerycznego z eksperymentem większa niż dla innych metod.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2004, 42, 3; 539-563
    1429-2955
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Der frühe Sprachunterricht muss umkehren – ein Plädoyer für eine „neue” Didaktik.
    Early language teaching has to change – arguments for introducing “new” didactics.
    Autorzy:
    Olpińska-Szkiełko, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/914909.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-06-20
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    early foreign language learning
    language sensitivity period
    natural language learning situation
    integrative learning
    pre-school education
    kindergarten
    teaching materials.
    Opis:
    The objective of the article is to present some valid arguments for a “new” didactics of early foreign language teaching. The foreign language teaching in Poland has become an obligatory part of the curriculum in kindergartens and pre-schools (for 5 years-olds), and from the beginning of Sept. 2017 it will also concern all 3 and 4 years old children in pre-school education. Didactic principles and materials for teaching foreign languages that are applied in kindergartens are designed mainly for grade 1-3 of the primary school and cannot be automatically adopted for the earlier educational stages. The didactic process must be founded on linguistic and glottodidactic study of natural language acquisition, bilingualism and bilingual education. In the article some most important differences between the language learning process in the primary school and kindergarten are discussed and conclusions for the shaping of the language teaching and learning situation in pre-schools are drawn. In the last part some selected examples of the “new” teaching forms and activities will be presented.
    Źródło:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2016, 43, 1; 135-145
    0072-4769
    Pojawia się w:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Machine learning methods for optimal compatibility of materials in ecodesign
    Autorzy:
    Rojek, I.
    Dostatni, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202203.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    machine learning methods
    classification models
    ecodesign
    selection of materials
    compatibility
    Opis:
    Machine learning (ML) methods facilitate automated data mining. The authors compare the effectiveness of selected ML methods (RBF networks, Kohonen networks, and random forest) as modelling tools supporting the selection of materials in ecodesign. Applied in the design process, ML methods help benefit from the knowledge, experience and creativity of designers stored in historical data in databases. Implemented into a decision support system, the knowledge can be utilized – in the case under analysis – in the process of design of environmentally friendly products. The study was initiated with an analysis of input data for the selection of materials. The input data, specified in cooperation with designers, include both technological and environmental parameters which guarantee the desired compatibility of materials. Next, models were developed using selected ML methods. The models were assessed and implemented into an expert system. The authors show which models best fit their purpose and why. Models supporting the selection of materials, connections and disassembly methods help boost the recycling properties of designed products.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2020, 68, 2; 199-206
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Teaching materials for English in the primary education – also for the pre-school education?
    Autorzy:
    Olpińska-Szkiełko, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/914950.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    teaching materials
    early English learning
    language sensitivity period
    natural language learning situation
    pre-school education
    kindergarten.
    Opis:
    The objective of the article is to analyse some selected materials for teaching English as a foreign language, designed mainly for grade 1–3 of the primary school, with the goal to answer the question whether these materials could be also used successfully and efficiently with 3–5-year old children. Early English learning materials are compared with Polish integrated learning materials. The analysis results in some conclusions for the didactic process in kindergartens. In accordance with the theoretical issues some principles for the shaping of didactic materials, teaching forms and activities, adequate tasks and contents of a language lesson are described.
    Źródło:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2015, 42, 2; 61-72
    0072-4769
    Pojawia się w:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Methodology of Creating “Knowledge Pills” in the Context of Educational Needs of Students
    Metodyka tworzenia „knowledge pills” w kontekście potrzeb edukacyjnych studentów
    Autorzy:
    Bąkała, Anna Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/655550.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    edukacja
    e‑learning
    nauczanie na odległość
    motywacja
    Knowledge Pills
    pigułki wiedzy
    metodologia przygotowania materiałów edukacyjnych
    education
    distance learning
    motivation
    methodology
    preparing educational materials
    Opis:
    Następujące w ciągu ostatnich lat zmiany form edukacji związane są m.in. z pojawieniem się multimediów. Wśród nowych metod nauczania, opartych na technologiach informatycznych, warto wyróżnić tzw. pigułki wiedzy – Knowledge Pills (KP), czyli krótkie porady multimedialne umożliwiające wzmocnienie kompetencji zawodowych. Stanowią one także element skutecznego nauczania na odległość. Odpowiednia metodologia zastosowana w procesie tworzenia KP pozwala na zwiększenie zainteresowania i motywacji uczestników kursów (np. studentów), lepsze dostosowanie formy materiałów edukacyjnych, co może przyczynić się do podniesienia efektywności nauczania. W artykule przedstawiono metodologie przygotowania KP stosowane w wybranych organizacjach. Na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych wśród studentów kilku kierunków na Wydziale Ekonomiczno‑Socjologicznym Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego wskazano obszary szczególnie istotne pod kątem przygotowania efektywnych materiałów edukacyjnych w formie Knowledge Pills, odpowiadających oczekiwaniom studentów.
    Changes in the forms of education, which can currently be observed, are connected to multimedia. One of the new teaching methods based on IT and worth mentioning, are Knowledge Pills (KP) – short multimedia tips, enabling students to strengthen their professional competences. KPs are also a form of effective e‑learning. Appropriate methodology used in the process of KP creation allows for the increase of interest and motivation in participants of courses. It also gives better alignment of educational materials, which can lead to improving the effectiveness of teaching. The article presents methodologies for KP preparation used in selected organizations. Based on a survey conducted among the students of several courses at the Economy and Sociology Faculty of the University of Lodz, we highlight areas of particular importance for effective preparation of educational materials in the form of Knowledge Pills, corresponding to the students’ expectations.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2018, 1, 333
    0208-6018
    2353-7663
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ANALIZA WYBRANYCH PODRĘCZNIKÓW DO NAUCZANIA JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO W KONTEKŚCIE EDUKACJI SENIORÓW
    Analysis of selected Polish as a foreign language course books in the context of the education of seniors
    Autorzy:
    Fiema, Mariola
    Janowska, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442901.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
    Tematy:
    glottogeragogics
    senior
    learning process
    evaluation of language teaching materials
    course book
    glottogeragogika
    proces uczenia się/nauczania
    ewaluacja materiałów dydaktycznych
    podręcznik
    Opis:
    The main aim of the article is to direct attention towards the specific educational needs of elderly people who are learning a foreign language. One of the main points of this paper is to describe seniors and present biological, psychological, cultural and social factors that affect their SLA (Second Language Acquisition) process. Course books used for the process of learning Polish as a foreign language have also been analyzed on the basis of their usefulness for seniors. The analysis of the course books was conducted on the basis of specially prepared criteria for the evaluation of language teaching materials.
    Źródło:
    Neofilolog; 2017, 49/1; 133-150
    1429-2173
    Pojawia się w:
    Neofilolog
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Computer based teaching in distance learning department of philological faculty
    Autorzy:
    Widła, H.
    Twardoń, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/333220.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Informatyki i Nauki o Materiałach. Instytut Informatyki. Zakład Systemów Komputerowych
    Tematy:
    nauczanie języków obcych
    kształcenie na odległość
    materiały on-line
    ćwiczenia on-line
    foreign language teaching
    distance learning
    online materials
    online exercises
    Opis:
    The paper is an attempt to show how to introduce elements of distance teaching in philology studies. The key feature of these studies is that the most frequent method of education are workshops and seminars, at which the master-student relationship dominates and the direct thought exchange is fundamental and irreplaceable by any other form of the didactic offer. It appears however, that new technologies can be made use of, along with certain types of distance teaching, despite troubles with breaching the psychological barrier and technical problems. The paper gives factual results of such attempts, illustrating them with products created by lecturers and students. The presentation focuses on the effects of using the new technologies at B.A. and master’s degree seminars on methods of foreign language teaching, literature and linguistics in the past two years, at the Institute of Roman Philology.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies; 2005, 9; 277-284
    1642-6037
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

      Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies