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    Tytuł:
    Genetic status of Polish larch (Larix decidua subsp. polonica (Racib. Domin)) from Chełmowa Mountain: implications for gene conservation
    Autorzy:
    Litkowiec, M.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Burczyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078281.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    European larch
    genetic diversity
    microsatellites
    spatial genetic structure
    Opis:
    The Polish larch (Larix decidua subsp. polonica (Racib. Domin), a subspecies of European larch, is one of the most valuable forest-forming trees in Poland. It was first discovered on the Chełmowa Mountain where Natural Reserve has been established to protect this subspecies. Currently, this unique population is at risk of extinction. Nonetheless, the knowledge on the genetic diversity of this population and surround- ing larch forests is insufficient to undertake actions aimed at conservation of genetic resources. In this study, we examined the level of genetic diversity and differentiation of four subpopulations of Polish larch from Nature Reserve on the Chełmowa Mountain and surrounding areas. We used eleven nuclear microsatellite markers (SSRs) combined in two multiplex PCR reactions. In total, 344 individuals of Polish larch were genotyped and subjected to further population genetic analyses. We found the high level of genetic diversity (average: He = 0.752, Ho = 0.720) and low levels of genetic differentiation (average: Fst = 0.022). The effective population size was large and homogeneous across subpopulations (mean Ne=90.7), and we found no sign of inbreeding. The spatial genetic structure was detected in two older subpopulations but not in the younger one, suggesting its artificial origin. The old larch subpopulations were genetically homogeneous and they were related to the ancestral group of Polish lowland populations. The old larch core populations growing on Chełmowa Mountain are relatively homogeneous and they well represent the ancestral genetic group of Polish lowland larch populations. However, they still exhibit rela- tively high genetic diversity and sufficiently large effective population sizes assuring their adaptive potential for a long-term existence. Surrounding larch populations are even more genetically diverse but this might be the effect of an admixture of seed sources from various populations from a wider area of Central Europe. We recommend that specific conservation efforts should be undertaken to promote natural regeneration of the core larch populations, even supplemented by the planting of seedlings derived from the oldest larch trees. Other management actions should focus on limiting external gene flow to this unique population of Polish larch.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2018, 80; 101-111
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selekcja genomowa w hodowli drzew leśnych - podstawowe założenia, problemy i perspektywy
    Genomic selection in forest tree breeding - basic principles, problems and future prospects
    Autorzy:
    Żukowska, W.B.
    Wójkiewicz, B.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978931.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    breeding value
    genetic gain
    genetic markers
    marker−assisted selection
    quantitative trait locus
    single
    nucleotide polymorphism
    Opis:
    All tree breeders cope with the same challenge of the very long time interval of a single breeding cycle. What is more, trees are long−lived, with desirable breeding traits expressing late during their life cycle. Increasing problems with climate change, globalization or economic growth have forced us to accelerate tree breeding and improve selection precision, both of which can be achieved by genomic selection (GS). The idea of GS was introduced nearly 20 years ago as an extension of marker−assisted selection (MAS) in order to advance breeding technologies using genetic markers. Unlike MAS, which exploits only a set of marker−trait associations, GS relies on a high number of genetic markers that are spread throughout the entire length of the genome. All markers effects are assessed simultaneously in order to build a precise model that allows prediction of genetic estimated breeding value of a particular individual using genetic data only. GS has already revolutionized dairy cattle breeding resulting in remarkable improvements across multiple traits and is becoming more and more common in crop production. We now know that genetic architecture of quantitative traits is complex, but recent advances in genomics have made it possible to deal with this problem in an unprecedented way. There are certain concerns regarding GS in forest tree species that include genotype−environment (G×E) interaction and the usefulness of the predictive model built up by GS in the next generation of trees. Nevertheless, experimental results obtained so far have shown that the genetic gain per unit time as well as selection precision can be substantially increased. Here we present the basic principles of GS for forest tree species, giving examples of studies carried out so far and discussing problems and future possibilities that GS may soon open up for forest tree breeders.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 384-391
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Geographic distribution of quantitative traits variation and genetic variability in natural populations of Pinus mugo in Central Europe
    Autorzy:
    Boratynska, K.
    Dzialuk, A.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Marcysiak, K.
    Jasinska, A.K.
    Sobierajska, K.
    Tomaszewski, D.
    Burczyk, J.
    Boratynski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41495.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    geographic distribution
    quantitative trait
    variation
    genetic variability
    genetic diversity
    isoenzyme
    natural population
    Pinus mugo
    phenotypic diversity
    chloroplast
    microsatellite
    Central Europe
    Europe
    Opis:
    Divergence in genetic as well as phenotypic structures can be expected in species with disjunctive geographic ranges and restricted gene flow among isolated populations. Dwarf mountain pine has such a disjunctive geographic range in the mountains of Central Europe. We hypothesised that populations of Pinus mugo from the Giant Mts. differ from Alpine and Carpathian populations to a greater extent than differentiation within these regions; furthermore, these differences would be detectable at both the genetic and phenotypic levels. To verify this hypothesis, the diversity and differentiation within and among eleven populations from the Giant Mts., Carpathians and Alps were analysed using 19 isozyme isozyme loci, 17 needle and 15 cone morphological characters. Moreover, the data on 10 chloroplast microsatellites used in the previous study, were reanalysed. The differences between the three regions were greater than among populations within them. The microsatellites and isozymes clearly differentiated between regions, while in the multivariate analyses of cone and needle characters the Alpine and Carpathian populations were intermingled but distinct from those sampled in the Giant Mts. The significant genetic structuring among regions may result from an ancient fragmentation and long lasting geographic isolation between the Giant Mts., Alps and Tatras. The populations from the Giant Mts., the northernmost within the geographic range of P. mugo, presented lower level of genetic variation then those from the Alps and Carpathians. The pattern of genetic structure observed in dwarf mountain pine may be characteristic of wind-pollinated trees with a disjunctive geographic distribution
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2014, 72
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Struktura klonalna wiązu polnego (Ulmus minor Mill.) w Polsce
    Clonal structure of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Chudzińska, M.
    Litkowiec, M.
    Pałucka, M.
    Pasławska, A.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Kozioł, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979539.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    dendrologia
    drzewa lesne
    wiaz polny
    Ulmus minor
    zmiennosc genetyczna
    markery genetyczne
    markery mikrosatelitarne
    clonality
    field elm
    genetic conservation
    genetic variation
    microsatellite markers
    Opis:
    Field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) is distributed mainly across central and southern Europe. In Poland this species occurs in the lowlands and foothills, where it grows mainly in the floodplain forests along the rivers. U. minor exists in a variety of climatic and ecological conditions. It is capable to tolerate floods as well as drought. Currently, most populations of U. minor are small and fragmented resulting from human activity and Dutch elm disease. Moreover, in the natural field elm populations, vegetative propagation by root suckers or sprouting can be observed. All these factors may affect the level of genetic variation of U. minor populations in Poland. In the present study, we determined the level of genetic variation and the clonal diversity of twelve natural U. minor populations in Poland (407 individuals) using eight nuclear microsatellite loci. The obtained results indicate that the studied field elm populations are characterized by low level of genetic variation (He=0.382; Ho=0.555; A=7.0). Additionally, the high level of clonality in field elm populations was estimated. The clonality level of examined elm populations varied among them, and in some cases was very high. Out of the 407 individuals analysed for clonal structure only 61 multilocus genotypes were identified. Furthermore, only one genotype was identified in the three study populations of field elm, which means that in each of these populations all trees belong to one genet. The values of genotypic richness (R) were heterogeneous among populations, with mean 0.148. The knowledge on the genetic diversity and the clonal structure of U. minor populations is essential to make future decisions regarding conservation of genetic resources of this species in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 10; 839-845
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Znaczenie zmienności genetycznej dla ochrony zasobów genowych cisa pospolitego w Europie
    Importance of genetic variation for conservation of English yew genetic resources in Europe
    Autorzy:
    Litkowiec, M.
    Plitta, B.P.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991598.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    cis pospolity
    Taxus baccata
    zasoby genowe
    zmiennosc genetyczna
    ochrona zasobow genowych
    genetic variation
    genetic conservation
    ex situ
    in situ
    english yew
    Opis:
    The genetic variation is considered to be a key factor for long−term survival of the species. The recognition of the existing genetic diversity is the preliminary phase in development of an effective strategy for conservation of forest tree species gene pools. Taxus baccata L. with a wide but scattered distribution in Europe is an example of rare and endangered species that needs both ex situ and in situ protection. The increase in fragmentation and isolation of populations and reduction in effective population size can cause erosion of the gene pool through increased genetic drift, increased inbreeding, reduced gene flow and decreased migration rate. As a result, local populations may be responsible for the loss of genetic variation, hence a decrease in their viability and adaptability. A few genetic analyses based on isozymes and DNA markers indicate that the yew, both in Poland and in other regions of Europe, is characterized by high levels of genetic variation within populations and moderate genetic differentiation between populations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 10; 754-760
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polodowcowa historia jodły pospolitej (Abies alba Mill.) w Polsce jako efekt migracji z różnych ostoi plejstoceńskich - dotychczasowy stan wiedzy
    Postglacial history of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Poland as a result of migration from different refugia - the current state of knowledge
    Autorzy:
    Litkowiec, M.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973534.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Abies alba
    okres polodowcowy
    zasieg wystepowania
    leśnictwo
    drzewa leśne
    jodła pospolita
    populacje roślin
    zasięg występowania
    zmienność genetyczna
    ochrona zasobów genowych
    genetic variation
    genetic conservation
    postglacial history
    Albies alba Mill.
    Opis:
    The paper reviews the current knowledge about the genetic variation, glacial and postglacial history of Polish populations of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). This species occurs in the mountainous forests of central and southern Europe, from the Pyrenees up to the Balkans, where it is important from both ecological and economical points of view. The current knowledge about glacial and postglacial history of fir has been obtained from palynological and genetic studies. During the last ice age A. alba survived in the refugia in southern Europe, the central Apennines, the south of the Balkan Peninsula and the Central Massif in France. Two other refugia remained isolated – one in Calabria in the south of the Apennines and one in the Pyrenees. Furthermore the most likely routes of postglacial recolonization of silver fir as well as the introgression zone between them have been identified. In Poland, silver fir reaches the north−eastern border of its natural range. Several earlier studies based on isozymes and DNA markers (mitochondrial and chloroplast) have reported that the Polish populations of fir are characterized by lower levels of genetic variation within populations and higher genetic differentiation between them than other coniferous species. Fir probably migrated to Poland from two glacial refugia located in the Balkan and Apennines Peninsula. Notwithstanding, a recent study on Polish silver fir populations carried out with mtDNA marker, strictly maternally inherited, indicated that the species migrated to the Polish territory from the refugium in western Europe. However, this study did not take into account the possibility of participation of pollen pool of Balkan origin in the formation of the Polish populations of fir. Until now, there have been only a few reports concerning the gene pool of fir in Poland. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the knowledge about its genetic variation. In the course of several episodes of silver fir decline during the past century, its populations have decreased in size and currently are scattered throughout the entire European range. Reliable information on the distribution of genetic variation is a prere−quisite for proper management of forest genetic resources in a short−term and long−term perspective. The recognition of the existing genetic diversity is also the preliminary phase in development of an effective strategy for conservation of forest tree species gene pools.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 02; 109-116
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Określenie pochodzenia wyłączonych drzewostanów nasiennych sosny rychtalskiej (Pinus sylvestris L.) z wykorzystaniem markerów mikrosatelitarnych
    Determination of the origin of the rychtal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed tree stands using microsatellite markers
    Autorzy:
    Wójkiewicz, B.
    Żukowska, W.B.
    Urbaniak, L.
    Kowalczyk, J.
    Litkowiec, M.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985719.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    sosna rychtalska
    drzewostany nasienne
    pochodzenie roslin
    zmiennosc genetyczna
    analiza DNA
    markery mikrosatelitarne
    scots pine
    genetic variation
    gene pool
    genetic structure
    ssr markers
    Opis:
    The rychtal pine is one of the most valuable ecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) approved for the breeding purposes in Poland. However, it occupies stands typical for oaks and beeches as shown by the compatibility analysis of species composition in relation to the habitat type in which they occur. Such result raises some doubts in terms of the naturalness of the rychtal pine and calls its history and origin into question. In the present study, we used the set of nuclear microsatellite markers to characterize and compare the gene pool composition of the selected seed tree stands of the rychtal pine with 200−year−old pine trees which grow at the Syców Forest District (SW Poland). We aimed to know to what extent the set of alleles specified for the group of the oldest trees from natural habitats is represented in the younger forest tree stands of the rychtal pine. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and clustering analysis showed that the gene pool of the studied pine populations was homogenous (FST=0,02%, K=1). The parameters of genetic variation were similar for all populations except for the mean number of alleles. On average, 25 new alleles were found in two rychtal pine seed tree stands as compared to the set of alleles found in the group of old pine trees. However, all alleles defined for old pines were also present in the gene pool of younger rychtal pine forest stands. The differences in the gene pool richness result most likely from quite high differences in the number of individuals analyzed from each population. In conclusion, our results indicate the common origin of the studied Scots pine populations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 08; 637-644
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wyniki wstępnych badań nad zmiennością genetyczną oraz zróżnicowaniem genetycznym między populacjami wiązu górskiego (Ulmus glabra Huds.) w Polsce
    Results of preliminary research on genetic variation and genetic differentiation between Wych elm populations (Ulmus glabra Huds.) in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Chudzińska, M.
    Pałucka, M.
    Pasławska, A.
    Litkowiec, M.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Kozioł, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985889.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    wiaz gorski
    Ulmus glabra
    zmiennosc genetyczna
    markery mikrosatelitarne
    populacje roslin
    zroznicowanie genetyczne
    Polska
    zasoby genetyczne
    wych elm
    genetic variation
    microsatellite markers
    genetic resources
    ex situ conservation
    Opis:
    Wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) is a rare scattered forest tree species in Poland. First studies on genetic diversity of the species in its natural range in Poland give a good basis for the management and conservation of its genetic resources. In the present study, we determined the level of genetic variation and genetic differentiation of seventeen natural Wych elm populations in Poland using nine nuclear microsatellite loci. The number of analyzed individuals was 601. The level of genetic diversity of Polish populations of Wych elm corresponded with the results of the previous studies on this species in Europe. The populations show quite low level of genetic diversity of the species on the population level and quite high diversity on the interpopulation level. A total of 119 alleles was found, with average number per locus (A) equal 6.0 and allelic richness at medium high level (AR10=4.7). Observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity reached 0.583 and 0.602 respectively. The genetic differentiation between Polish populations of Wych elm occurred at a low level (Fst=0.089). Inbreeding depression may occur in the next generations (Fis=0.031). Genetic diversity between Wych elm populations in Poland may be the result of unfavorable random processes related to the reduction of population size resulting from elm disease. To better understand the processes related to the genetic diversity of Wych elm populations, research on field elm variation should be undertaken. Such studies may give an answer to the potential influence of introgression between these species on the genetic structure of the Wych elm. Both in situ as well as ex situ conservation measures are highly recommended to preserve genetic resources of this valuable noble hardwood species in Polish landscape.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 09; 727-736
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybór elitarnych drzew matecznych sosny zwyczajnej i modrzewia europejskiego do założenia plantacji nasiennych 1,5 generacji
    Selection of elite plus trees of Scots pine and European larch for the establishment of 1.5 generation seed orchards
    Autorzy:
    Lewandowski, A.
    Kowalczyk, J.
    Litkowiec, M.
    Urbaniak, L.
    Rzońca, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/988981.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    plantacje nasienne
    zakladanie plantacji
    wybor drzew matecznych
    drzewa elitarne
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    modrzew europejski
    Larix decidua
    seed orchards
    genetic gain
    forest tree breeding
    Opis:
    Forest tree breeding is principally concerned with the improvement of growth, wood quality and vitality of tree species of economic interest. In Poland, breeding programs started in the second half of the twentieth century with the choice of plus trees to establish seed orchards. At present, seed orchards are a predominant source for the production of genetically improved seeds of conifers. In our country, Scots pine is the main forest tree, occupying almost 80% of the forest area. Annually, about 30,000 hectares of pines are artificially planted, with only a few percent of seeds coming from seed orchards. European larch is an important admixture tree species of economic significance in some areas, such as the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Unlike Scots pine, as much as 60% of larch seeds used for artificial regeneration comes from seed orchards. There are 179 seed orchards in Poland, occupying area of 1140 ha, including 48 Scots pine and 30 European larch ones of 384 ha and 207 ha, respectively. All of them are only first generation and were established with vegetative propagules of plus trees selected in wild stands for their outstanding phenotype. Based on the results from the evaluation of plus trees in progeny trials, we selected 40 Scots pine and 40 European larch elite trees to establish 1.5−generation seed orchards. The selected trees were also characterized for their level of genetic variation with the use of nuclear microsatellite loci. We found that the examined trees have a high level of genetic variation. The mean number of alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity were 12.4 and 11.9, and 0.752 and 0.806, for Scots pine and European larch respectively. The calculated parameters are comparable to that observed in the populations of these species in Poland and other European countries. Established genetic profiles will be used in the future for controlling and monitoring the identity of elite trees in the process of creating archives of clones and seed plantations of next generation.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 11; 917-926
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wstępne badania nad zmiennością izoenzymową dębów w doświadczeniu proweniencyjnym w Nadleśnictwie Milicz
    Preliminary research on izoenzyme variability of oaks in the provenance experiment in the Milicz Forest District
    Autorzy:
    Zwaduch, P.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012982.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    zroznicowanie genetyczne
    dab bezszypulkowy
    zmiennosc genetyczna
    proweniencje
    izoenzymy
    Quercus petraea
    Nadlesnictwo Milicz
    Quercus robur
    lesnictwo
    dab szypulkowy
    drzewa lesne
    pedunculate oak
    sessile oak
    provenance
    genetic variation
    izoenzyme
    poland
    Opis:
    The studies were based on the material collected in the provenance experiment established in the territory of the Milicz Forest District where 78 pedunculate (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) provenances from all over the country were planted in 5 replications. The izoenzyme analyses took in dormant buds from 300 trees of randomly selected 5 pedunculate oak and 5 sessile oak provenances. Variation of 6 enzymatic systems was the subject of the analysis. The studied oak populations exhibited a relatively high level of genetic variation, however, it was lower in comparison with the populations from other regions of Europe. Generally, the variation of the sessile oak was grater than of the pedunculate oak. The calculated genetic distance between the two oak species was 0.0284 and it exceeded genetic distances among the populations within the species.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 10; 27-35
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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