- Tytuł:
- Kategorie społeczne i ich znaczenie w myśli o. Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego OP
- Autorzy:
- Grzybowski, Jacek
- Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1966058.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2020-12-30
- Wydawca:
- Naukowe Towarzystwo Tomistyczne
- Tematy:
-
Bocheński
cywilizacja
naród
kultura
społeczeństwo
ojczyzna
Bochenski
civilization
nation
culture
society
homeland - Opis:
- Józef Innocenty Maria Bocheński was one of the most colourful figures of the 20th century Polish emigration. His eventful biography would have been sufficient to endow with it several people – Dominican father, logician, historian of philosophy, sovietologist, army chaplain, pilot and traveller, renowned lecturer and valued preacher, he was one of the most original and outstanding Polish intellectuals. As a scholar, lecturer and publicist he left a vast legacy. Thomism was a starting point of his academic journey (under supervision of Fr. Jacek Woroniecki), later on he devoted himself to logic and analytic philosophy. He described himself as a rationalist, analyst and exponent of objectivity. This rationalist trait was characteristic of Fr. Bocheński - he perceived all problems and issues through the lens of philosophical realism, cognitive objectivity and, in his earlier writings, from the standpoint of Thomism with its basic metaphysical categories. In his analyses Bocheński made Aristotelian realism his point of departure, claiming that a man as a person is essentially a social being because of his spiritual nature. A human being is a social being both in a negative („a man as a person cannot live without society because his full development will be impossible to achieve without it”) and positive sense („man is adapted to society, coexistence and cooperation with other people”). These bonds and relationships are so strong that sociability constitutes an essential feature of human nature. Society is therefore a group of human persons who share a common goal which is the common good. For Bocheński all individualistic approaches, in which a man is regarded as a monad minding his own interests and goals, who enters into relationships with other people solely for serving his utilitarian purposes, unable to satisfy his egoistic desires on his own, are false. In this view, deriving from Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau, an individual needs other people only due to his own insufficiency in achieving his aims. Hence the necessity of „social contract” that unites egoistic individuals - its legal validity begets community. Bocheński rejects as opposed to reality all divisions between individual and social nature of a man, in particular the social contract theory according to which society should be understood as the outcome of an agreement between people. The most difficult, but also the most interesting social issue tackled by Fr. Bocheński is an attempt to explain what a civilisation is. Writing about civilization Bocheński usually had in mind civilizational circle – a certain area inhabited by people who have certain common ideals. He generally omitted an important but also complex and differently solved by various thinkers problem of difference between civilization and culture and their mutual relationship. Clarifying the notion of civilization Bocheński pointed out that the distinction between the three kinds of civilization, namely „subjective civilization”, „material civilization”, and „model civilization” might prove helpful. In his opinion the relationship between material civilization and subjective civilization is such that the former is the result and consequence of the latter. If we acknowledge - Bocheński wrote - that the essence of a human being is some immortal substance (soul, conscience, intellect), it follows that a man cannot be a mere instrument, but he has always to be the objective. It means that no society, nation, state or another individual has a right to subordinate completely a human being. Model civilization based on personalistic ideals can be brought about by the meeting of Greek philosophy, Roman law and Christian Gospel. This encounter made it possible to discover the uniqueness of category of person and became one of the main foundations of Christian civilization. Affirmation of a person, as Bocheński argued, is one of the most important hallmarks of this ci-vilization, without which democracy in its modern sense could not have been born and would not be able to develop.
- Źródło:
-
Rocznik Tomistyczny; 2020, 1, 9; 405-432
2300-1976 - Pojawia się w:
- Rocznik Tomistyczny
- Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł