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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    A simple formula for the net long-wave radiation flux in the Southern Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Zapadka, T.
    Wozniak, S.B.
    Wozniak, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47670.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    statistical error
    infrared radiation
    Batlic Region
    sea surface
    Baltic Sea
    long-wave radiation
    atmosphere
    Opis:
    This paper discusses problems of estimating the net long-wave radiation flux at the sea surface on the basis of easily measurable meteorological quantities (air and sea surface temperatures, near-surface water vapour pressure, cloudiness). Empirical data and existing formulae are compared. Additionally, an improved formula for the southern Baltic region is introduced, with a systematic error of less than 1 W m−2 and a statistical error of less than 20 W m−2.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2001, 43, 3; 265-277
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preliminary comparison between various models of the long-wave radiation budget of the sea and experimental data from the Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Zapadka, T.
    Wozniak, S.B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47985.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    infrared radiation
    atmosphere
    sea
    long-wave radiation
    sea surface
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    This paper discusses existing models of long-wave radiation exchange between the sea surface and the atmosphere, and compares them with experimental data. The latter were based on empirical data collected in the southern Baltic during cruises of r/v ‘Oceania’. To a greater or lesser extent, all the models were encumbered with significant systematic and statistical errors. The probable reasons for these discrepancies are given.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2000, 42, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A more accurate formula for calculating the net longwave radiation flux in the Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Zapadka, T.
    Wozniak, B.
    Dera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47558.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    temperature
    cloud
    radiation flux
    water vapour
    atmosphere
    long-wave radiation
    sea surface
    Baltic Sea
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Longwave radiation budget at the Baltic Sea surface from satellite and atmospheric model data
    Autorzy:
    Zapadka, T.
    Krezel, A.
    Wozniak, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    air temperature
    sea surface
    heat budget
    Baltic Sea
    temporal analysis
    spatial analysis
    long-wave radiation
    cloud cover
    model data
    Opis:
    The net longwave radiation flux LW↑↓ in the Baltic Sea in 2001 has been subjected to spatial and temporal analysis. Maps of the mean monthly LW↑↓ over the Baltic were drawn using the new semi-empirical formula for the Baltic Sea (Zapadka et al. 2007). The input data for the formula, such as sea surface and air temperatures, and cloud cover, were obtained from the Tiros N/NOAA and METEOSAT 7 satellites and from the UMPLfo recast model (see http://meteo.icm.edu.pl). The mean annual LW↑↓ for 2001 was estimated at 63 W m−2 and compared with available data from other sources. The monthly maps of the net flux LW↑↓ over the Baltic show that the total values reach a minimum (LW↑↓≈50 W m−2) in April, September, October and a maximum (LW↑↓≈80 W m−2) in November. The statistical error of daily maps, on which the monthly maps were based, is no more than 18 W m−2.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2008, 50, 2; 147-166
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Heat and salt fluxes in the West Spitsbergen Current area in summer
    Autorzy:
    Piechura, J.
    Osinski, R.
    Petelski, T.
    Wozniak, S.B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49050.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Spitsbergen Current
    temperature
    radiation flux
    energy flux
    heat flux
    sea surface
    salt flux
    ocean circulation
    Opis:
    Fluxes of radiation, sensible and latent heat, and fluxes of heat and salt within the upper layer of the ocean were calculated on the basis of measurements carried out in the area of the Norwegian-Atlantic and West Spitsbergen Currents during summer 2000. The sea surface radiation balance was calculated from direct measurements of downward and upward short-wave (solar) radiation, the net radiation fluxes and sea surface temperature. The daily doses of radiation energy reaching and leaving the sea surface were also estimated. To calculate the vertical heat fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer the bulk parameterisation method was used. In most cases, the calculated heat fluxes were rather low, the average sensible heat flux was c. 10 Wm−2, and the latent heat flux about one order of magnitude higher; this is what could be expected in summer. Salt fluxes to the air in the process of aerosol production are very small and can be neglected. In summer the highest quantities of heat and salt are exchanged during mixing with surrounding waters. According to our measurements, Atlantic Water on its northward course from about 70◦N to 79◦ N loses about 100 TWof heat and 900 × 103 kg of salt. We thought it could be interesting to find out what happens to them. Some preliminary results of our investigation are presented here.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2002, 44, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    SatBaltyk – A Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system – an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: Practical applicability and preliminary results
    Autorzy:
    Wozniak, B.
    Bradtke, K.
    Darecki, M.
    Dera, J.
    Dudzinska-Nowak, J.
    Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L.
    Ficek, D.
    Furmanczyk, K.
    Kowalewski, M.
    Krezel, A.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Paszkuta, M.
    Ston-Egiert, J.
    Stramska, M.
    Zapadka, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48019.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic ecosystem
    Baltic Sea
    energy influx
    irradiance condition
    marine optics
    photosynthesis
    plant community
    Polska
    practical application
    preliminary result
    radiation balance
    remote sensing
    SatBaltyk project
    satellite monitoring
    sea surface
    solar energy
    Opis:
    This paper is the second part of the description of the first stage of the SatBałtyk project’s implementation. Part 1 (Woźniak et al. 2011, in this issue) presents the assumptions and objectives of SatBałtyk and describes the most important stages in the history of our research, which is the foundation of this project. It also discusses the operation and general structure of the SatBałtyk system. Part 2 addresses various aspects of the practical applicability of the SatBałtyk Operational System to Baltic ecosystem monitoring. Examples are given of the Baltic’s characteristics estimated using the preliminary versions of the algorithms in this Operational System. At the current stage of research, these algorithms apply mainly to the characteristics of the solar energy influx and the distribution of this energy among the various processes taking place in the atmosphere-sea system, and also to the radiation balance of the sea surface, the irradiance conditions for photosynthesis and the condition of plant communities in the water, sea surface temperature distributions and some other marine phenomena correlated with this temperature. Monitoring results obtained with these preliminary algorithms are exemplified in the form of distribution maps of selected abiotic parameters of the Baltic, as well as structural and functional characteristics of this ecosystem governed by these parameters in the Baltic’s many basins. The maps cover practically the whole area of the Baltic Sea. Also given are results of preliminary inspections of the accuracy of the magnitudes shown on the maps. In actual fact, the errors of these estimates are relatively small. The further practical application of this set of algorithms (to be gradually made more specific) is therefore entirely justified as the basis of the SatBałtyk system for the effective operational monitoring of the state and functioning of Baltic ecosystems. This article also outlines the plans for extending SatBałtyk to include the recording of the effects and hazards caused by current and expected storm events in the Polish coastal zone.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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