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Tytuł:
Lesne mapy turystyczne
Forest tourism maps
Autorzy:
Olenderek, T
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/880867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
kartografia
obszary cenne przyrodniczo
mapy turystyczne
mapy lesne
Opis:
Kartografia turystyczna, dzięki konkurencji wielu rywalizujących ze sobą wydawnictw, jest jednym z najlepiej rozwijających się w Polsce działów kartografii tematycznej. Mapy przeznaczone dla turystów pokrywają głównie obszary cenne przyrodniczo, w dużej części pokryte lasami. Są one atrakcyjną i łatwo dostępną formą przekazu informacji o walorach przedstawianego terenu. Sposób pokazania obszarów leśnych na mapach turystycznych w znacznym stopniu przyczynia się również do kształtowania obrazu współczesnego leśnictwa w społeczeństwie. W tekście dokonany został krótki przegląd literatury naukowej, poświęconej polskim mapom turystycznym. Określono główne ich rodzaje. Szczególną uwagę autor poświęcił leśnym mapom turystycznym – sponsorowanym przez Lasy Państwowe. Charakteryzują się one oryginalną treścią i stanowią ciekawe uzupełnienie grupy tradycyjnych map turystycznych. Jako materiał badawczy posłużyły mapy, zgromadzone w ciągu ostatnich kilku lat w zbiorach biblioteki kartograficznej Zakładu Systemów Informacji Przestrzennej i Geodezji Leśnej SGGW w Warszawie.
Tourist cartography has developed as the fastest among other cartography branches in Poland thanks to competition of many publishers. Maps proposed for tourists cover mainly valuable natural areas that mostly covered with forests. Such maps are attractive and easily available medium of information about presented area. The way of presentation of forests on the tourist maps significantly influences society’s view on modern forestry. This article gives short review of scientific bibliography on Polish tourist maps and its main types. Particular attention was given by author to forest tourist maps sponsored by the State Forests National Forest Holding (PGL Lasy Państwowe). These maps have original content and are an interesting supplement to the groups of traditional tourist maps. Maps that were collected during last few years in cartographic library of Department of Spatial Information Systems and Forest Geodesy (Warsaw University of Life Sciences) were used in the research.
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2009, 11, 4[23]; 350-356
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Język mapy a ranga dyscypliny
The map language and the rank of a discipline
Autorzy:
Krzywicka-Blum, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/385548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
mapy
kartografia
maps
cartography
Opis:
Przekształcenie postaci map i upowszechnienie tworzenia map komputerowych w dobie rewolucji techniczno-informatycznej spowodowało z jednej strony poszerzenie zakresu użyteczności map, z drugiej jednak odebrało kartografii należną jej rangę w hierarchii nauk. W artykule podkreśla się wyjątkowość użyteczności modeli obrazowych rzeczywistości nie tylko operacyjną, ale też w abstrakcyjnym wnioskowaniu syntetyzującym.
The conversion of the forms of maps and the popularisation of making computer maps during the technological and information revolution caused the extension of the range of the usefulness of the maps on one hand, but on the other hand cartography lost the adequate rank in the hierarchy of sciences. In the article the extreme usefulness of the image models of reality is shown. They are not only useful in operational aspect, but also in abstract synthetic induction.
Źródło:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering; 2007, 1, 1; 79-81
1898-1135
Pojawia się w:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemierzanie powieści-mapy. Władca Pierścieni J.R.R. Tolkiena jako konstrukcja kartograficzna
Autorzy:
Marcin, Niemojewski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Władca Pierścieni
J.R. R. Tolkien
uniwersum Śródziemia
mapy
kartografia
piśmienność
mapa mentalna
Opis:
The Lord of the Rings, the most popular book by J.R.R. Tolkien is most often interpreted as an example of mythological reconstruction born out of philological research. However, of equal importance is reading the novel as a cartographic design based on the maps of the world presented, handmade and repeatedly enhanced by the author himself, included in the subsequent editions of the novel. The attempt to look at the novel through the prism of maps and determine their functions as integral parts of the novel, and at the same time autonomous texts, allows the reflection on the work and its reception in the context of the consequences of literacy and the type of modelling human experience implied by this ability.
Źródło:
Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2015, 59(4 (451)); 131-142
0033-2194
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Humanistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zależność mapy od kontekstu
The dependence of the map from the context
Autorzy:
Zarycki, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204449.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
mapa
kartografia
typologia map
Opis:
W artykule rozważono użyteczność pojęcia kontekstu w rozumieniu pragmatyki językoznawczej z punktu widzenia teorii komunikacji kartograficznej. Na podstawie zależności map od kontekstu proponowana jest typologia map.
The author presents the meaning of the notion of context in the contemporary linguistic pragmatics. He also stresses the fact, that the context can be an important theoretical device anables us to fully understand the interdependence between the map and its users. It is often difficult to define the context in the process of cartographic communication, as a single map can be used in many situations. Therefore, we propose to incorporate the term of the "series of possible contexts" into cartography. The paper also includes the considerations on the optimum way of defining the context. Then, the differentiation between the inner and outer context is introduced. The next part of the paper presents an attempt to the classification of maps based on the degree of their dependence on the context. THis dependence also defines the possibility of selecting the new information from the known, and as a result, the possibility of projecting the process of map reading. The suggested classificationincludes the following four categories: "maps-signs", "single-purpose maps", "thematic maps" and "multipurpose maps". The first two categories are often to be the maps sensu stricto. This includes the category of "maps-signs" which include new information only in a wider context, and "maps-instructions" often considered to be simple diagrams not meeting the criteria of "real maps". The autor is of the opinion that those maps should not be excludedfrom the scope of interest of theoretical cartography. Besides the above classification, the author also proposes a more general division into "standalone" and "supplementary" maps.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2001, T. 33, nr 1, 1; 3-9
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Od danych do mapy. Cz. 1
From data to a map. Part one
Autorzy:
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
mapa
komputeryzacja
Opis:
Autorka omawia kolejne etapy przetwarzania i wizualizacji danych, które pokonuje kartograf opracowujący mapę, by dojść do form prezentacji. Rozważania w pierwszej części artykułu są oparte na zaproponowanym przez autorkę schemacie przejścia od danych do prezentacji kartograficznej. W drugiej części - z rozważań tych wyprowadzone zostaną poszczególne formy prezentacji kartograficznej.
In contemporary cartography, computer has bacome a basic tool for map elaboration. Cartographic metodology is an important branch of cartography, into which computers have made a dynamic entrance. It lists basic rules of transformation and graphical presentation of data. This article attempts to look at the methods of cartographic presentation through the eyes of the map's editor and establish conditions, which have to be fulfilled to transform a set of data into a properly prepared map. "Cartographic presentation method" - meaning the process is differentiated from "cartographic presentation form" - meaning the result of this process, i.e. the map. The article follows the process of transition from data to cartographic presentation and establishes features, which allow a graphic picture to be called a cartographic presentation form. Data is the starting point of any cartographic presentation. in the process leading from data to presentation (fig.1) there are two separate stages: data preparation (transformation) and data visualization. At the stage of transformation the map editor can, according to the map's purpose, modify source data by changing measurement levels, data reference (point, linear, surface), its character (relative data, absolute data) and way of treating data (continuous, in intervals). Visualization is the next step from data to a cartographic presentation form. At this stage transformed data become a graphic picture. It happens after considering the following presentation elements: -graphical symbol, -visual variables, -graphical rendering, -correctly constructed legend. Correct and logical transfer from data through cartographic presentation method leads to a map. The effects of this transfer are graphic picture, i.e. cartographic presentation forms. Here it should be considered, if every set of data can be freely transformed and visualized and if such procedure would lead directly to a correct and aesy to use cartographic presentation form.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 2, 2; 91-102
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Od danych do mapy. Cz. 2
From data to a map. Part 2
Autorzy:
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
mapa
transformacja danych
Opis:
Podstawą rozważań w tej części artykułu są wprowadzone poprzednio pojęcia metody i formy prezentacji kartograficznej. Autorka omawia kryteria wydzielania poszczególnych metod prezentacji i podejmuje próbę ich klasyfikacji. Wykorzystując zaproponowany w pierwszej części artykułu schemat przejścia od danych do prezentacji autorka wyprowadza z niego poszczególne formy prezentacji kartograficznej.
A shift from data through transformation leads to a specific graphic solution (compare Part I). In the article such solutions are referred to as cartographic presentation forms. In cartography, a logical and methodologically correct transformation from data to graphics results in presentation forms, which differ according to the type of data, transformation and visualization, i.e. the applied presentation method. The article discusses criteria and various classifications of cartographic presentation methods which appear in cartographic literature. Potential capabilities of cartographic presentation are the subject of cartographer's interest. In literature there are numerous considerations aiming to establish which method of presentation is appropriate for particular data, or what data can be presented using a particular presentation method. They attempt to link measurement levels, graphic symbols, visual variables and other attributes of presentation. Different combinations of those attributes result in various, more or less reasonable graphic solutions. After discussing more significant of these attempts, the author presents her own views on potentiality of cartographic presentation (fig. 5, 6, 7). From the scheme outlined in the first part of the article she derives particular graphic solutions, evaluates their correctness, estimates popularity and attaches names of specific presentation methods to them. She also attempts to label new solutions, which seem to be methodologically correct, but which have not been named yet. These considerations supplement Polish classification of cartographic presentation methods.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 3, 3; 175-188
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konstrukcja skal wartości w legendach map
Composition of value scales in map legends
Autorzy:
Czerny, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
mapa
legenda mapy
cartography
map
map legend
Opis:
Autor analizuje graficzne skale wartości stosowane w legendach map: kartogramów, kartodiagramów i map izoliniowych; stara się wyjaśnić różne sposoby konstrukcji legend ilościowych przedstawień kartograficznych i ocenić ich poprawność.
Twenty years ago Polish Cartographic Review published articles on the composition of legends on choropleth and isopleth maps as well as graduated symbol maps (J. Pasławski 1982, I. Frączek 1983). They proposed a set of optimal legends, the number of which can limit the freedom of designing maps, e.g. it does not recommend horizontal arrangement of color scales in the legends of choropleth and isopleth maps. At the same time, contrary methods are widely applied in maps, atlases and cartography handbooks. The article analyzes elements of the composition of legends of quantitive cartographic presentations: - continuity of the graphic value scale (bar scale or segments) - orientation (positively and negatively oriented scales) - value description (limit values or classes) Some of the solutions applied in maps can not be justified. Fragmentation of color thematic scales, for example, is a mistake (fig. 1). Negatively oriented scales are also wrong (the positive part of scale at the botton or on the right, as in fig. 10B); various orientations should not appear in the same atlas or even legend (fig. 13). Some methods of scale composition can be accepted as exceptions, e.g. positive vertical scale following the direction of reading of a text column (fig. 8); model diagrams arranged decreasingly because of the composition of the map (fig. 12). According to the author these also exist correct graphic solutions, used from the point of view of map composition, although have not been recommended in the above articles. They include: 1. Horizontal, positively oriented color scale (with the maximum value on the right). It agrees with our reading scheme and the orientation of the X axis on the surface (fig. 8,9). 2. Legend of a continuous graduated symbol map in form of overlapping diagrams. Continuous graduated symbol maps belong to the type of so called "seeing maps" (carte a voir), with present the distribution of phenome na on general level; particular values can be read, but their role is secondary. Therefore a cartographer should be free to decide, if there is a need for a legend in a form of a graph, which makes it possible to read particular values (fig. 17), or if a minimal legend composed of overlapping diagrams would be sufficient (fog. 15A). 3. Scale of a choropleth map in a form of a bar diagram. A legend of a choropleth map can have a form of a code chart or a diagram. A code chart is composed of a series of color segments with numeral or verbal information assigned to them (in the case of nominal value scales). A bar diagram in the form of a rectangle symbolizes a set of data (values of a phenomenon) and its subdivision into classes; it can be applied in legends of both isarythmic and choropleth maps. In the case of a choropleth map class ranges should be described; in the case of an isarythmic map - class limits. Fig. 20 presents various graphic color scales of a choropleth map in a form of a bar diagram. J. Pasławski recommends scale E; it is a construction intermediate between a code chart and a diagram (segments show class ranges).
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2003, T. 35, nr 2, 2; 87-99
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niemieckie mapy turystyczne Karkonoszy do 1945 roku
German tourist maps of Karkonosze before 1945
Autorzy:
Woźniak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
historia kartografii
Karkonosze
cartography
history
tourist map
Opis:
W artykule omówiono kształtowanie się mapy turystycznej Karkonoszy od momentu pojawienia się pierwszych górskich wędrówek do końca II wojny światowej. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono prywatnej kartografii niemieckiej w XIX i pierwszej połowie XX w., gdy Karkonosze wraz z ziemią jeleniogórską stanowiły ważny i liczący się w Europie region turystyczny.
Karkonosze have played an important role in Central European tourism since the time when travels began to be perceived as a form of insight and leisure. Fast development of tourism in Karkonosze took place in the 19th century when the mountains became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. As a result there appeared a large number of guides and tourist maps. An evident mountain range depicting Sudetes and its peak Śnieżka appeared on the map of Silesia in 1:550 000 by Martin Helwig, dated 1561. On the break of the 19th century the first detailed topographic survey of Sudetes was conducted, giving a solid base for later tourist maps. J. Hoser's map in 1:100 000 from 1806 is considered to be the first tourist map of Karkonosze, the highest range of Sudetes. Fast development of tourism in Karkonosze and the resulting demand for tourist maps brought cartographic production in Silesia to significant volume. Maps were prepared by numerous private publishers-printers, which used the names of geographic or cartographic institutes or publishers. The estimated number of such enterprises in Germany and Austria combined is 40, while in Silesia alone there were 20 of them. Among the largest Silesian publishers at the time there were: K. Flemming in Głogów (founded in 1833), G. Brieger in Świdnica (1880) and P. Baron in Legnica (1897). In other parts of Germany there were many more: C.C. Meinhold and A. Kohler in Dresden, R. Mittelbach in Leipzig, J. Straube, A. Goldschmidt, M. Pasch, A. Kiessling and Grieben in Berlin. Most of them published also maps of Karkonosze and the region. Many maps were published as appendices to tourist guides. All of them are a valuable source of information about the development of tourism in the area.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2005, T. 37, nr 2, 2; 101-111
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mapy w polskiej prasie codziennej w latach 1918-1939
Maps in Polish daily newspapers in the years 1918-1939
Autorzy:
Kowalski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204236.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
mapa
kartografia tematyczna
ewolucja
prasa
Opis:
Na tle uwarunkowań rozwoju prasy codziennej w okresie międzywojennym przedstawiono zmiany struktury tematycznej i liczby map publikowanych na jej łamach, a także ewolucję ich formy, poziomu graficznego i treści, które wynikały z ich specyfiki i wykształcenia osób je opracowujących.
When in 1918 Poland regained its independence after over a century of subordination, new conditions were established for the development of press and press cartography. Difficult beginnings of the Polish state effected from two major reasons. First was the extent of damages after the World War I. Secondly, the state had to unify the areas of three former partitions which had been at different stages of social, economic and cultural development. These factor also influenced the development of press. Additionally, press had to struggle with illiteracy, poor general education, national diversification, poverty of certain social groups, technical conditions and division of printing industry and conditions of press distribution. In the period between the world wars the development of press was closely linked to the general phases of development, stagnation and breakdown of economy, as well as political situation. The subject of research presented in the article are maps (over 3000) published in 14 selected dailies from 6 biggest press centers in the country as well as two provincial ones. Sources available in the archives were not always complete, so the results of statistical analyses should be treated as approximate. In the years 1918-1939 most m,aps (excluding advertisements) were printed in Ilustrowany Kurier Codzinny (Ilustrated Daily Courier)(over 1000), Kurier Poznański (Poznań Courier) (aprox. 630), Kurier Poranny (Morning Courier) (aprox. 330), Kurier Warszawski (Warsow Courier) (over 240). Remaining newspapers printed much less than 200 maps. Initially the small number of maps reflected difficult financial situation of publishing companies, later it resilted from stagnation of the Big Crisis, which reached Poland in the early thirties. A sudden rise in the number of maps published in newspapers can be observed in the second half of the thirties. It was caused not only by the improved economy of the country, dynamic development of publishing houses and growing competition on the market. One can see direct links to international events, mainly military conflicts (wars in the Far East, the Balkans, Morocco, Abyssinia, Spain). Biggest newspapers devoted 25-30% of their maps to those events; smaller dailies even over 60%. Maps of expedition routes, trips, rallies and flights represented a significant share of almost 13%. They were published systematecally throughout the whole period between World Wars. With the development of Polish economy there appeared more communication maps showing communication routes and junctions, projected air routes, localization of new canals, bridges, border crossing points etc. A distinctive group consisted of population maps, which showed distribution of national groups, ethnic groups, level of life, diseases rate, spread of epidemics. Maps of ethnic groups often appeared at the times of ethnic unrest or plebiscites, e.g. during the plebiscite in Upper Silesia. They often had propagandistic character. Propagandistic maps in Polish press were specific and less numerous than in the presses of neighboring countries - Germany and Soviet Russia. Most of tham were reprinted from the newspapers of totalitarian states, mainly Germany and Italy, with attached explanation, commentary, sometimes also a correct interpretation of the problem in the form of a new map. Press maps of the period between the world wars, especially those printed in the twenties in smaller newspapers, often came from foreign press agencies, which provided map services, or other sources. In such cases Polish names and legends were introduced. Original maps were usually prepared by graphic artists, illustrators, cartoonists and sometimes military commentators. In Poland, map service (relatively modest and too expensive for small newspapers) was offered by Polska Agencja Telegraficzna (Polish Telegraph Agency). During the discussed period the cartographic level of maps rose significantly (often simultaneously with the editorial level of publications). In the late thirties it reached the level of maps in press of West European countries, which had far superior financial capacity.The lavel of some maps in Polish newspapers shows that they had been prepared by professional cartographers.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 2, 2; 115-131
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie wiedzy z kursu programowania w praktyce inżynierskiej
Applying knowledge gained from a computer programming course to engineering practice
Autorzy:
Derwisz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
kierunki studiow
geodezja
kartografia
standardy nauczania
programowanie
wykorzystanie wiedzy
mapy numeryczne
korekty
Opis:
W rozporządzeniu Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego znaleźć można załącznik, który określa standardy kształcenia dla kierunku studiów „Geodezja i Kartografia” stopnia I, między innymi w zakresie informatyki. Autor od wielu lat łączy nauczanie programowania z praktyką inżynierską i nie ma wątpliwości co do celowości wzbogacenia umiejętności inżyniera geodety o tworzenie programów komputerowych, zdarza się jednak, że celowość nauczania programowania poddawana jest w wątpliwość i to zarówno przez studentów jak i nauczycieli akademickich. Opisany w niniejszym sposób rozwiązania problemów, które pojawiły się podczas wykonywania modernizacji mapy numerycznej, stanowi w opinii autora silny argument popierający tezę o celowości kształcenia w tym zakresie. Przedsiębiorstwo, którym opiekował się autor, podjęło się wykonania prac, których celem była poprawa kartometryczności mapy numerycznej zawierającej wybrane obiekty bazy danych geoprzestrzennych. Dotrzymanie terminu modernizacji mapy było by niemożliwe bez stworzenia szeregu drobnych aplikacji usprawniających wykonywanie prac. Jak się okazało po zakończeniu prac, aplikacje te skróciły czas potrzebny na wykonanie modernizacji o 1/3 a co najważniejsze, wiedza niezbędna do ich napisania w znacznej części pokrywa się z tą, która przekazywana jest na prowadzonych przez autora zajęciach.
In one of the Regulations of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education one can find an appendix which defines standards of education for the Geodesy and Cartography of the first level of studies, also in terms of computer programming. The author of the article has for many years combined teaching program ming with engineering practice and he has no doubts that it is essential to teach future engineer surveyors how to write computer programs. However, the advisability of teaching programming sometimes raises concerns both among some students and academic teachers. The method of solving problems which was used during the process of numerical map modernization, described in the article, is in the author's opinion a strong argument in favour of advisability of computer programming education . The company run by the author has performed works which aim was to improve the cartometricity of a numerical map which contained selected objects of geospatial data. Meeting a deadline of the works would have been impossible without some tiny applications facilitating unnecessary works. After the works had been completed, it turned out that the applications shortened the time of making the modernization by 1/3 and what is more, knowledge unnecessary to make the applications is mainly the same that students can get during the computer programming course run by the author.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2013, 2/III
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A review on eye movement analysis in map reading process: the status of the last decade
Autorzy:
Krassanakis, Vassilios
Cybulski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
kartografia
mapa
czytanie mapy
cartography
eye tracking
eye movement analysis
map reading
map perception
Opis:
Eye tracking constitutes a valuable tool for the examination of human visual behavior since it provides objective measurements related to the performed visual strategies during the observation of any type of visual stimuli. Over the last decade, eye movement analysis contributed substantially to the better understanding of how visual attention processes work in different types of maps. Considering the clear need for the examination of map user reaction during the observation of realistic cartographic products (i.e. static maps, animated maps, interactive and multimedia maps), a critical amount of experimental studiem were performed in order to study different aspects related to map reading process by the cartographic community. The foundation of these studies is based on theories and models that have been developed in similar research domains (i.e. psychology, neuroscience etc.), while the research outcomes that produced over these years can be used directly for the design of more effective and efficient maps. The aim of the present article is to summarize and present the current panorama of the existing eye tracking studies in cartographic research appeared over the last decade. Additionally, methodological contributions (including analysis tools) of cartographic society in the field of eye movement analysis are reported, while existing challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2019, 68, 1; 191-209
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja Mapy topograficznej Polski w skali 1:50 000
Concept of the Topographic map of Poland at the scale of 1:50 000
Autorzy:
Ostrowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
mapa
mapa topograficzna
Polska
cartography
map
topographic map
Polen
Opis:
W artykule omówiono etapy opracowania koncepcji mapy topograficznej 1:50 000 wydanej w latach 1995-2002 przez GUGiK, a także podstawowe założenia tej koncepcji. Przy omówieniu treści i formy graficznej mapy zwrócono szczególną uwagę na nowy sposób ujęcia zabudowy.
The first Polish topographic map in civilian version at the scale of 1:50 000 was prepared in "1965 system" by re-arranging and re-editing of the sheets of military 1:50 000 map in "1942 system". It was published in the years 1977-1982. In 1993 as a result of an order from the Surveyor General of Poland, preparation of a completely new concept of a topographic map in 1:50 000 was started. The first, initial instruction to this map was issued in 1995; its final version, which included the experience gathered during the editing of the first several dozen sheets appeared in 1998. The 1:50 000 map in its contents and graphic form refers to a map in 1:10 000, the preparation of which started in 1994. The new concept of a 1:50 000 map accounted for its multi-purpose character. An analysis of a range of contents and graphic forms in topographic maps of Western countries was conducted; the new concept also referred to Polish graphic tradition between the World Wars. Between 1995, when the publication started, and 2002, 589 sheets were published, which cover 60% of Poland's area. The forst 48 sheets of the Mazowsze region were edited in "1942 system", which bases on Krasowski elipsoid; all the following sheets were edited in "1992 system", basing on a GRS-80 ellipsoid.The map is printed on standard sheets of 580x470 mm. Every sheet includes the explanation of all the symbols and most abbreviations with Polish and English explications. On the new map the number of applied signs has been significantly reduced (in comparison to the previous map). At the same time its contents has been extended to include new, important elements, e.g. industrial and store areas, but stations, marked tourist routes, border checkpoints, bethymetry of lakes, border zones. However the biggest changes regarded methods of presentation of buildings. To show their variety a functional criterion has been applied. Industrial and governmental buildings have been differentiated from other buildings and built-up areas. Dwellings (including farm dwellings) have been differentiated according to their density and buildings' size. Compact multifamily dwellings, dense multifamily dwellings, dense single family dwellings have been shown as three different types of built-up area, while disperse dwellings have been marked with separate symbols for particular buildings or farms. The 1:50 000 map was printed in unified six color version (black, dark brown, blue, green, red, light brown). Application of dark brown to dwellings and roads was particularly important for the graphic picture, because it relieved the map and increased its graphic capacity, e.g. it made it possible to clearly mark government and industrial buildings. Consistent use of green for agriculture and vegetation and light brown for surface relief also improved the graphic quality of the map. In comparison to the previous map, the new 1:50 000 map has more precise drawing, which has been achieved with wider use of colors and patterns as well as the reduction of the size of symbols, their simplification, and reduction of line width. The map was met with positive reactions of its reviewers and users; its authors also got. The Awars of the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration. After the reorganization of the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography in the beginning of 2002, the publishing of further sheets was abandoned; it was decided, that the remaining area would be covered with a military map prepared in V Map Level 2 technology complying with NATO standards, and adapted for civilian use.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 4, 4; 261-272
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura krajobrazu środkowej Wielkopolski - eksperyment kartograficzny II
Landscape structure of the central Wielkopolska (Great Poland) - cartographical experiment II
Autorzy:
Pietrzak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/85946.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu
Tematy:
Wielkopolska Srodkowa
struktura krajobrazu
geokompleksy
kartografia
mapy
prezentacja graficzna
platy ekologiczne
matryce [ekol. krajobr.]
korytarze ekologiczne
Źródło:
Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu; 2006, 16, 1
1899-3850
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mapy w grach komputerowych – spektrum zastosowań
Maps in video games – range of applications
Autorzy:
Chądzyńska, D.
Gotlib, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204496.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartografia
symulator komputerowy
wizualizacje w grach
gry komputerowe
świat wirtualny
cartography
computer simulators
visualizations in games
video games
virtual world
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono różne gatunki i rodzaje gier komputerowych, w których istotną rolę odgrywa mapa oraz metodyka kartograficzna. Przedstawiono wykorzystanie informacji przestrzennej zarówno w klasycznych grach planszowych, grach komputerowych służących rozrywce, jak i tzw. poważnych grach o zastosowaniach profesjonalnych, np. w symulatorach.
The authors discuss the role of the map in various game genres, specifically video games. Presented examples illustrate widespread map usage in various ways and forms by the authors of games, both classic and video. The article takes a closer look at the classification and development of video games within the last few decades. Presently, video games use advanced geospatial models and data resources. Users are keen on a detailed representation of the real world. Game authors use advanced visualization technologies, which often are innovative and very attractive. Joint efforts of cartographers, geo-information specialists and game producers can bring interesting effects in the future. Although games are mainly made for entertainment, they are more frequently used for other purposes. There is a growing need for data reliability as well as for some effective means of transmission cartographic content. This opens up a new area of both scientific and implementation activity for cartographers. There is no universally accessible data on the role of cartographers in game production, but apparently it is quite limited at the moment. However, a wider application of cartographic methodology would have a positive effect on the development of games and, conversely, methods and technologies applied by game makers can influence the development of cartography.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2015, T. 47, nr 3-4, 3-4; 235-244
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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