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    Tytuł:
    Wplyw zwiazkow ropopochodnych w warunkach wzrastajacego zasolenia na przebieg procesu nitryfikacji w glebie
    Autorzy:
    Przybulewska, K
    Stolarska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/806187.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    gleby
    zwiazki ropopochodne
    nitryfikacja
    zasolenie gleb
    czynniki stresowe
    soil
    petroleum derivative
    nitrification
    soil salinity
    stress factor
    Opis:
    W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu związków ropopochodnych (olej napędowy i benzyna bezołowiowa) w glebie zasolonej NaCl na przebieg procesu nitryfikacji. Zastosowano zanieczyszczenie gleby NaCl w następujących stężeniach: 10, 100 i 1000 mmol·kg⁻¹. Kontrolę stanowiła gleba bez dodatku soli. Podwójny stres antropogeniczny otrzymano zanieczyszczając próbki z powyżej przygotowanych kombinacji olejem napędowym oraz benzyną bezołowiową w następujących dawkach: 0,1; 1 oraz 10% wag. Zasolenie gleby NaCl i jednoczesne zanieczyszczenie jej produktami ropopochodnymi wpływa niekorzystnie na przebieg procesu nitryfikacji w glebie, obniżając jego wartość. Wielkość tych zmian zależy od rodzaju i dawki wprowadzonego zanieczyszczenia. Benzyna bezołowiowa działa bardziej niekorzystnie na przebieg procesu nitryfikacji w glebie zasolonej szczególnie o zmniejszonej zawartości substancji organicznej, natomiast zaolejenie gleby zmniejsza toksyczne działanie NaCl.
    The paper presents the results of study on the influence of crude-oil derivatives (diesel oil and non-lead petrol) in the soil salined with NaCl on the nitrification course. Soil was experimentally polluted with NaCl at the following rates: 10, 100 and 1000 mmol·kg⁻¹. Soil with no salt addition was the control. Double anthropogenic stress was achieved due to polluting the samples from the above combinations with diesel oil and non-lead petroleum at the following doses: 0.1; 1 and 10% (of weight). Double anthropogenic stress in a form of NaCl salinity and soil pollution with crude oil derivatives negatively affected the nitrification process in the soil by decreasing its value. These changes depended on the type and rate of the pollutant introduced. Non-lead petroleum acted more negatively on the nitrification process in salined soil, in particular with a lower content of organic matter. Pollution of the soil with diesel oil diminished the toxic action of NaCl.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2006, 515; 351-356
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wplyw fizycznych wlasciwosci gleby na elektryczne parametry ukladu elektrody-gleba w aspekcie pomiaru jej wilgotnosci i zasolenia
    Influence of soil physical properties on electrical parameters of electrodesisoil system in aspect of the determination of soil moisture and salinity
    Autorzy:
    Malicki, M A
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1628320.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1993
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    agrofizyka
    gleby
    wilgotnosc
    zasolenie
    badania gleboznawcze
    pomiary elektryczne
    wlasciwosci fizyczne
    elektrody
    agrophysics
    soil
    moisture
    soil salinity
    soil research
    electrical measurement
    physical property
    electrode
    Opis:
    Możliwość monitoringu parametrów wody glebowej jest warunkiem koniecznym kontrolowania oraz matematycznego modelowania procesów zachodzących w kontinuum gleba-roślina-atmosfera, a więc i prognozowania ich następstw. Biorąc pod uwagę, żc integrowalne we współczesnych cyfrowych systemach akwizycji danych są wyłącznie czujniki "czytane" elektrycznie, należy dysponować elektrycznymi czujnikami agrofizycznych parametrów wody (patr2 część l). Istotne spośród tych parametrów -wilgotność gleby oraz jej zasolenie, łatwe do bezpośredniego zmierzenia w laboratorium, są zarazem najtrudniejsze do odczytu elektrycznego. Niniejsza rozprawa dotyczy poszukiwań metody pomiaru elektrycznych parametrów gleby oraz sposobu ich interpretacji w kategoriach wilgotności i zasolenia. Dla ułatwienia identyfikacji dyskutowanych zmiennych ich symbole, oddzielone przecinkami, są wtrącane w tekst. Np.: "względna elektryczna przenikalność gleby, e, decydująca o elektrycznej pojemności układu elektrodyigleba..,", "elektryczna konduktywność gleby, ekG, zależna od wilgotności gleby, 6, oraz od elektrycznej konduktywności elektrolitu (wody glebowej), ekG,..." itp. Dla zaznaczenia granic faz występujących w szeregu elektrochemicznym tworzonym przez układ dwu elektrod w glebie, przyjęto stosowany w elektrochemii sposób dzielenia nazw tych faz pionową kreską. Np.: "układ elektrodyigleba...", "granica elektrodiroztwór..." itp. Ten sposób podkreśla występowanie bezpośredniego kontaktu elektrycznego pomiędzy dyskutowanymi fazami.Trzon rozprawy tworzą cztery zasadnicze części: 2,3,4, i 5 w skrócie omówione niżej.
    The possibility to monitor soil water status is an indispensable condition to control as well as to model processes occuring in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Taking into consideration that only these sensors can be integrated in modern data acquisition systems that are read electrically, it becomes clear that the sensors for soil moisture and salinity must be electrical. Continuously undertaken since the end of the previous century attempts to evaluate soil moisture from soil electrical conductivity or electrical permittivity as derived from the measurements of an ElectrodeslSoil System (ESS ) impedace has not brought electrical methods sufficiently reliable to be widely applied. Calibration curves, i.e. the soil moisture-electrical resistance or moisture-electrical capacitance relationships have proved to be strongly affected by frequency of the applied electrical field as well as by the soil temperature, salinity, texture and bulk density. The theory of dielectrics when applied lo soil cannot explain such phenomena as: enormous rise of electrical resistance and capacitance of the ESS with the frequency decrease, excessive influence of temperature and salinity on electrical capacitance of the ESS, and also a particularly strange phenomenon that: at the same geometry of the system and the same frequency of the applied electrical field, ESS with pure solution can reveal smaller electrical capacitance than that with saturated soil. Because of increasing interest in utilization of electrical properties of soil in order to gain information on the soil moisture and salinity, a search for a model explaining behavior of the HSS, when applied as a sensor for soil moisture and/or salinity, was undertaken. Part 2 of the presented dissertation describes an attempt to find a qualitative model of such a sensor, i.e. a model of the ESS (Electrodes\Soil System). The HSS under consideration is a system consisting of two bare electrodes and soil within their electrical field. The proposed model follows equivalent electrical circuits of impedance of the electrodelsolution interface like that applied in electrochemistry for considering kinetics of electrode processes. The model is based on clectrical polarization phenomena, including the interfacial one. It was shown that the ESS should be considered as an electrolytic cell where the soil pore water is the electrolyte. Its electrical impcdance is the resultant of several component subimpedances arising from a diversity of phenomena causing the sensor electrical polarization. It was shown that within the range of commonly applied frequencies below 108 Hz, readings of electrical capacitance, C, of the sensor (i.e. the ESS) were totally masked by interfacial pseudocapacitance while readings of the sensor electrical resistance, R, were affected by interfacial phenomena unless a special impedance bridge was applied which compensates for capacitive component of the sensor impedance. Numerical solution of the model was verified by comparison of its computer generated impedance-frequency characteristics with experimental data. The data concerned measurements of the C and R in-parallel equivalents of the ESS impedance, read within the frequency band ranged from 5*101-105 Hz. Then the numerical model was solved for a wide band of frequencies lOMO14 Hz. The solution brought to the conclusion that for the electrocapacitive measurements of the soil moisture the applied frequency should fall within the range of 108—1010 Hz, whereas for the electroresistive measurements of the soil moisture and/or salinity the frequency should fall within the range of HJ3-107 Hz, Recent advances in generation of fast rising pulses has resulted in the application of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) for measurements of soil electrical permittivity (thus also moisture) and electrical conductivity (thus also salinity). Ihis technology is particularly suitable for the determination of electrical permittivity of conducting media, like the soil, because it operates with a pulse having its leading edge composed of frequencies from the range 10s— ] 010 Hz, recommended for readings of electrical permittivity of the soil. The technology of TDR is continuously developed in The Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences and brought to a TDR apparatus for simultaneous measurements of the soil electrical permittivity, conductivity and temperature, from which the soil moisture and salinity can be determined, as discussed below in part 3 and 4. Part 3 of the dissertation concerns reduction of influence of soil matrix on dielectric readings of the soil moisture. Samples of soils, soil-like, and also other capillary-porous materials were analysed using TDR with the aim of determining the contribution of material bulk density, thus also porosity, to the electrical permittivity-water content conversion function. The study showed that bulk density, thus also porosity, substantially affects the permittivity-moisture relationship. Two equivalent, empirical, normalized conversion functions were found - one accounting for bulk density and the other for porosity effect. Each of them, when applied to the dielectric TDR determinations of moisture, doubled precision of the determinations, independent of the material bulk density, thus also porosity. Part 4 of the dissertation concerns the possibility of interpretation of simultaneous readings of soil electrical permittivity and conductivity in terms of the soil salinity. When analyzing relationships between soil bulk clectrical conductivity, ecG, and its bulk relative electrical permittivity, e, it was found (for the investigated mineral soils) that within the range of volume water content, 6, from about 0.2 up to saturation the derivative 3ecG/3e is moisture independent and is directly proportional to the soil salinity. It was found that the variable SX=3eeG/5e, determined from in situ measurements of ecG(Q>0.2) and e(6>0.2), can be considered as an index of relative salinity of the soil. It was shown that knowing the salinity index, SX, and also sand content, it was possible to calculate electrical conductivity of soil pore water which is a widely accepted measure of the soil salinity. This way the possibility for nondestructive monitoring of salt migration in the soil became realistic. This possibility was experimentally verified in a column experiment by recording time and spatial variability of non-steady salt flow parameters (break-through curves). Original methodical solutions of the measurements and their experimental embodiments are described in part 5 of the dissertation. It contains detailed description of: a variable ratio arm impedance bridge for the determination of the capacitive-resistive impedance of the ESS, a programme for numerical solution of the frequency dispersion of the ESS impedance, TDR in application for the determination of electrical permittivity and conductivity of soil.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 1993, 0; 107
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zagadnienie doboru czestotliwosci pola elektrycznego w dielektrycznym pomiarze wilgotnosci gleb zasolonych
    Autorzy:
    Malicki, M A
    Skierucha, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402584.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    gleby
    gleby zasolone
    zasolenie gleb
    wilgotnosc gleby
    pomiary wilgotnosci
    pole elektryczne
    metody dielektryczne
    soil
    salty soil
    soil salinity
    soil moisture
    moisture measurement
    electrical field
    dielectric method
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 53; 109-115
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metodyczne zagadnienia monitoringu statusu wody w wybranych materialach biologicznych
    Methodical questions of monitoring of water status in selected biological materials
    Autorzy:
    Malicki, M A
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1630378.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1999
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    agrofizyka
    materialy biologiczne
    zboza
    ziarno
    drewno
    gleby
    woda glebowa
    wilgotnosc gleby
    wilgotnosc ziarna
    wilgotnosc drewna
    temperatura
    zasolenie gleb
    potencjal wodny gleby
    pomiary wilgotnosci
    natlenienie
    monitoring
    agrophysics
    biological material
    cereal
    grain
    wood
    soil
    soil water
    soil moisture
    grain moisture
    wood moisture
    temperature
    soil salinity
    soil water potential
    moisture measurement
    oxygenation
    Opis:
    Methodical questions of monitoring of water status in soil, cereals grain and wood are discused ( where monitoring is understood as registration of time and spatial variability of selected properties). Amount of viariables which is necessary in order to determine water status depends on the complexion of the considered phenomena and is, so far, the matter of arbitrary choice. In most practical cases the water status is expressed only by moisture of the considered material ( like the building timber). In practical terms, two variables suffice to express water status in cereal grain: moisture and temperature. To describe water status in the soil not less then five variables are needed: amount of water (the soil moisture) soil water potential, salinity, oxygenation and temperature. The only sensors that can be integrated in modern data acquisition system must be read electrically. Therefore electroresistance and electrocapacitance methods were considered. Dielectric sensors were recognized as the proper choice.Soil is a complex material having instable characteristics. For this reason it is the most difficult task to monitor soil water status, particularly to determine the soil moisture. Therefore it has been assumed that measuring methods verified for the soil will be also suitable for other, less complex materials. Thus, monitoring of soil water status was mainly discussed. Special attention was focused to the time domain reflectometry, TDR, as the semi selective method for the soil moisture and salinity determination.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 1999, 19; 1-108
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A mineralogical and geological examination of the salinity of soils, Nile Valley, Upper Egypt
    Autorzy:
    Pawlikowski, M.
    Such, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/343991.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    nakł. Maciej Pawlikowski
    Tematy:
    mineralogia
    Dolina Nilu
    gleby
    zasolenie
    rolnictwo
    Nile Valley
    mineralogy
    soil
    salinity
    agriculture
    Opis:
    Salinty of soils is the factor leading to the limitation of agriculture. Due to the reduction of suitable fields farming is also reduced. As a consequence farmers have to leave farms. This problem is specially important in Egypt where cultivated land is limited to the Nile Valley. A mineralogical and geological investigation of this phenomenon is conducted at Heracompolis and surrounding areas showed the presence of the following minerals as white salty coatings covering the surface of local soils: The absence of natural floods of Nile stopped due to the construction of the Aswan Dam is the reason for the continuous elevation of the degree of the salinity of soils. Evapotarion of water used for agriculture cannot be prevented but the process of mineralization has to be stopped if Egypt wants to avoid reduced food production.
    Źródło:
    Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering; 2007, 2; 1-10
    1689-6742
    Pojawia się w:
    Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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