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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the wind dependent duration of the cruise phase on jet engine exhaust emissions
    Autorzy:
    Pawlak, M.
    Kuźniar, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245313.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    air transport
    jet engines
    air pollution
    emission
    exhausts
    wind impact
    Opis:
    Nowadays more and more attention is paid to minimizing the costs of air operations. The largest share in the cost of the flight is the cost of consumed fuel. Taking into account the external conditions, having impact on the aircraft, such as wind direction and magnitude when planning the aircraft trajectory it is possible to reduce flight time and thus reduce fuel consumption. An additional advantage is the simultaneous reduction of pollutants in the jet engines exhausts. In the times of pro-ecological trends and concepts (e.g. Clean Sky, Single European Sky, CORSIA) this aspect is of crucial importance. The emission of selected pollutants in the jet engine exhausts (NOx, CO and HC) emitted during the flight of a business jet on the route whose cruise phase was assumed 1000 km long was determined in the article. The aircraft used in the research was Gulfstream GIV, powered by two Rolls Royce TAY 611-C engines, for which a cruising altitude of 10 km and a flight speed of 0.8 Ma were assumed. The thrust necessary for the flight at these cruise parameters was set, and then the engine thrust appropriate for the flight and the corresponding specific fuel consumption were determined. On this basis, based on the available ICAO data, the emission of selected pollutants in tis engines exhausts was determined for windless conditions. Next, the analysis of the impact of wind - its magnitude and direction – on the emission of these pollutants was made. The results of the conducted analyses are presented in diagrams and discussed in the conclusions.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 371-376
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of applied provisions and technologies on ship emission and air quality
    Autorzy:
    Pawlak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243593.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    exhaust emission
    marine engines
    air pollution
    modelling
    Opis:
    Although perceived as the most environmentally friendly means of transport, ships are a significant source of pollution to the environment. The vast majority of emissions in EU sea areas are emitted from cargo ships over 500 GT. About 45% of all emissions come from EU flagged ships and approximately 20% of emissions are emitted within the 12-mile limit of territorial seas. In port cities, ship emissions are in many cases a dominant source of pollution and need to be addressed when considering compliance with legally binding air quality objectives. Moreover, emissions from ships travel over hundreds of kilometres and can thus contribute to air quality problems on land even if they are emitted at sea. This is particularly relevant for the deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds, which cause acidification of natural ecosystems and threaten biodiversity through excessive nitrogen inputs. Emission of toxic compounds in marine engines exhausts is limited by international legal provisions, namely MARPOL convention, which in Annex VI sets limits to SOx and NOx emissions and designates special areas where the limits are stringent. To comply with the provisions, marine vessels need to be equipped with installations reducing emissions to permissible levels or turn to alternative fuels. The paper presents evaluation of impact of those having been in force for the last decade limitations as well as of applied new technological solutions on improvement of air quality. The analysis was conducted for the Baltic Sea, based on available data on ship traffic in the area and emission factors.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 381-388
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ograniczanie emisyjności pojazdów w transporcie drogowym. Pojazdy hybrydowe i elektryczne w Polsce – perspektywy i bariery rozwoju
    Limiting emission from road transport. Hybrid and electric vehicles in Poland – perspectives and barriers for market development
    Autorzy:
    Krzak, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16539512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    air pollution
    emission standards
    electric car
    Opis:
    In this paper the author addresses the issue of road transport in the context of its environmental impact. The article discusses the issue of air pollution from motor vehicle emissions and various methods of tackling this problem. The first section provides an overview of the most important data related to air pollution caused by road transport and the main EU regulations concerning vehicle emission standards. The second section of the article is devoted to barriers that hinder the growth of the hybrid and electric vehicle market. This analysis is carried out on the basis of the vehicle market conditions in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Studia BAS; 2012, 1(29); 161-184
    2080-2404
    2082-0658
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia BAS
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification and analysis of parameters for the areas of the highest harmful exhaust emissions in the model emitransys
    Autorzy:
    Ambroziak, T.
    Gołębiowski, P.
    Pyza, D.
    Jacyna-Gołda, I.
    Merkisz-Guranowska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247522.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    proecological transport system
    transport
    air pollution
    emission of exhaust gases
    EMITRANSYS
    Opis:
    A scheme has been developed to be utilized for solving the interaction between wing aerodynamic loads and the flexibility of wing structures under a quasi static assumption. The interaction is implemented through a link between the nodes of finite element model and the grids of transonic small disturbance model. The particular finite element responses, namely translational displacement vectors (TDV), are utilised for reconstructing the deflected wing surfaces. So in each iteration, the updated surfaces are involved as the parent for regenerating the TSD grids. The criteria of the Euclidean norm is applied for evaluating the convergency of aero-structure interaction. Catia-V5, is fully employed to manage three dimensional geometries for developing the model of wing structures, calculating grids and aerodynamic loads, as well as for reconstructing the updated wing surfaces. Numerous functions and objects of Catia are employed by conducting particular accesses via component object models using Microsoft Visual Basic.Net. A case study is excersized to demonstrate the interaction in transonic speed. The results shown that the scheme is very good in the way performing the interaction in quasi static condition. The utilization of TDV for generating the deflected wing surfaces indicates the capability of high fidelity deformations with respect to the complexity of finite element model
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 9-20
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Technical and environmental limitations of pro-ecological transport system designing
    Autorzy:
    Jacyna, M.
    Żak, J.
    Pyza, D.
    Gołębiowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241921.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    pro-ecological transport system
    transport
    air pollution
    emission of exhaust fumes
    EMITRANSYS
    Opis:
    Transport is one of the most environmentally destructive branches of economy. It contributes to environmental degradation and influences negatively on human live. It should therefore seek to reduce the negative impact on the environment. The paper presents many aspects of development of the national transport system. In article characterized technical constraints and environmental issues, which are applicable to the designing of pro-ecological transport system. Presented in it also indicators of the proposed design solution quality. In shaping the pro-ecological system the special role plays environmental restrictions, because they mainly determine the quality of solutions in terms of minimizing the negative impact of transport on the environment. Technical factors are equally important, because they allow, among others, reducing the external costs of congestions and allow on the creation of transport tasks on the appropriate level. In particularly, EU requirements for sustainable development of the transport system, the components of the external costs arising from the sphere of transport, indicators and ecological limitations in designing of pro-ecological transport system, ecological limitations, technical limitations, indicators for assessing pro-ecological transport system are presented in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 555-564
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation methods of the impact of motorization on the quality of the atmospheric air
    Autorzy:
    Skrętowicz, M.
    Sitnik, L.
    Każmierczak, A.
    Magdziarz-Tokłowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242005.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    vehicle
    exhaust emission
    ecology
    road transport
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    Opis:
    The automotive industry is one of the fastest developing branches in the world. From year to year on the roads appear more and more cars. In the modern vehicles, better and more efficient technologies reducing exhaust emission are applied. However, the cars are still the leading source of air pollution, especially in towns and cities. Car exhaust gases have adverse effect on the human health, because they form so-called “low emission”. It means that they are released into the troposphere at the people living height. As a result, people are exposed to the direct and long-lasting contact with the fumes. Therefore, precise assessment is very important to the vehicles’ impact on the quality of the atmospheric air. The review of the evaluation methods of the impact of vehicles on the air quality was presented in the paper, with special regard to the mathematical dispersion modelling of the exhaust gases. In particular, NOx emission by sector in Poland, changing NOx emissions from road transport in Poland in the years 2000-2009 with regard to the change in the number of cars, vertical cross-section of a typical symmetric urban street canyon are presented in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 445-452
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Exhaust emission from vehicles under real road traffic conditions - a new chance for PTI
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz, J.
    Gis, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244862.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    exhaust emission
    road transport
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    environment protection
    Opis:
    The paper presents regulations and methods of testing emissions of exhaust toxic components from vehicles, particularly with respect to research methods under real road traffic conditions. In Europe, legal regulations determine emission values of the exhaust toxic components: carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbons HC and hydrocarbons released by evaporation (VOC - Volatile Organic Compound), nitrogen oxides NOx, and also PM emitted with the exhaust gasses. Emission of the harmful substances from the vehicles is tested on the chassis dynamometer, and the combustion engines them, on engine test bench. Due to a high cost of the test equipment and complexity of the tests, it is possible to use one measuring system, for both types of stands. Basic EU Directives and UN-ECE Regulations contain rules on conducting the aforementioned tests together with the regulations for the measuring equipment. In the beginning of 2005 in Europe the introduction of a new set of regulations began be introduced, concerning emissions from the M1 and N1 category vehicles. They are called Euro IV (currently obligatory) and Euro V (introduced in 2008). New regulations introduced not only more stringent requirements for the vehicles they refer to, but also for the research laboratories as far as the equipment level and research methods are concerned. Compliance with these requirements is being verified during type approval of vehicles, conformity of production (COP), and in-service conformity.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 321-330
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Advantages of using hybrid vehicles based on empirical studies on the chassis dynamometer in the WLTC test
    Autorzy:
    Gis, M.
    Lasocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243969.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    combustion engines
    hybrid powertrain
    air pollution
    exhausts emission
    Opis:
    Vehicles powered in alternative ways have an increasing share in the car market. Their use is becoming more and more justified considering the ever more stringent standards for the emission of harmful substances from the exhaust systems of internal combustion engines and the introduction of restrictions on vehicle traffic in city centres. The possibility of using in the propulsion systems only an electric motor or its simultaneous use with the internal combustion engine enables a significant reduction of emission of harmful exhaust gas pollutants. This applies in particular to urban areas, where there are numerous exceedances of acceptable air quality standards. This problem is most noticeable in larger cities in Poland, where there is a lot of traffic. It is therefore legitimate to promote alternative vehicles powered in alternative ways. Their dual power system gives the opportunity to significantly reduce the emission of harmful substances. Therefore, the article presents own research, carried out on a chassis dynamometer, using two passenger cars, one with a spark-ignition combustion engine and the second with a hybrid drive system containing a spark-ignition engine and an electric motor (system without the possibility of recharging batteries from external sources). Vehicles were characterized by similar mass and the same displacement volumes of internal combustion engines. The results of the tests made it possible to compare cars in terms of exhaust emissions. For testing purposes, a chassis dynamometer was used, on which the WLTC homologation cycle was repeatedly reproduced. This is a new driving cycle, which replaces the NEDC cycle used so far in the type approval procedure in the European Union.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 103-109
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A generalized method for assessing emissions from road and air transport on the example of Warsaw Chopin Airport
    Autorzy:
    Wasiak, Mariusz, Jacek
    Niculescu, Adrian Ioan
    Kowalski, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/230792.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    transport drogowy
    transport lotniczy
    emisja hałasu
    zanieczyszczenie powietrza
    koszt zewnętrzny
    Lotnisko Chopina
    road transport
    air transport
    noise emission
    air pollution
    external cost
    Warsaw Chopin Airport
    Opis:
    The article presents a method for assessing emissions of harmful substances and noise from road and air transport, as well as a combined assessment of the emissions of these transport pollutants. The original analytical dependencies reflecting the emissions of harmful substances from road transport, developed as part of the EMITRANSYS project implemented at the Faculty of Transport of the Warsaw University of Technology, were taken into consideration, in which the unit values of the actual road emissions of harmful substances are a function of, among other things, route length or speed of the vehicles. However, the dependencies associated with noise emissions were taken from the applicable international guidelines for assessing environmental pollution by traffic noise. The article also describes a case study in which the impact of Warsaw Chopin Airport on noise along the Warsaw road network and the entire Warsaw agglomeration was assessed. Analyses and discussions were carried out in the scope of the change in transport noise due to air operations carried out in the analysed area. As agreed, the combined impact of road and aircraft noise in the area under study is far more unfavourable than street noise alone. Thus, it can be seen that the assessment of noise levels carried out separately for individual modes of transport (in accordance with applicable regulations) should be supplemented with the assessment of traffic noise from all modes of transport – especially in the case of simulation tests of ecologically friendly changes in the area of transport.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Civil Engineering; 2020, 66, 2; 399-419
    1230-2945
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Civil Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Emisja metali ciężkich do powietrza z autobusów miejskich w Krakowie w latach 2010–2025
    Emission of heavy metals into the air from urban buses in Krakow in 2010-2025
    Autorzy:
    Bździuch, P.
    Bogacki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/192468.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej
    Tematy:
    komunikacja miejska
    metale ciężkie
    zanieczyszczenie powietrza
    inwentaryzacja emisji
    urban public transport
    heavy metals
    air pollution
    emission inventory
    Opis:
    Transport samochodowy jest źródłem emisji metali ciężkich do powietrza, powodując wzrost stężeń tych zanieczyszczeń w powietrzu oraz zanieczyszczanie gleb wzdłuż szlaków komunikacyjnych. Metale ciężkie emitowane są zarówno z procesu spalania paliw w silnikach samochodowych, jak również z procesu ścierania opon i hamulców. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad zmianami wielkości emisji: ołowiu (Pb), kadmu (Cd), miedzi (Cu), chromu (Cr), niklu (Ni), selenu (Se) oraz cynku (Zn) z floty autobusów miejskich i aglomeracyjnych w Krakowie w latach 2010–2015 wraz z prognozą na lata 2017, 2020 i 2025. Obliczenia emisji dla lat 2010–2015 wykonano z uwzględnieniem rzeczywistych danych ruchowych floty autobusów miejskich dwóch operatorów, jakimi są Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne SA w Krakowie oraz firma Mobilis group Sp. z o.o. Obliczenia prognostyczne dla lat 2017–2025 uwzględniają plany operatorów w zakresie działań modernizacyjnych floty. Wyniki obliczeń ładunków rocznych emitowanych metali ciężkich przedstawiono w formie map, obrazujących rozkład emisji na obszarze gmin aglomeracji krakowskiej, jak również wzdłuż szlaków komunikacyjnych, po których poruszają się autobusy analizowanej floty.
    Road transport is a source of heavy metals emissions into the air resulting with an increase concentrations of these pollutants in the air and soil pollution along road routes. Heavy metals are emitted both from the process of fuel combustion in car engines, as well as the tire and brake abrasion. This article shows the results of research on changing value of emission of: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), from urban buses which operated in the Krakow metropolitan area in 2010–2015, and the forecast for 2017, 2020 and 2025. Emissions’ calculations for 2010–2015 have been made based on the actual operational data of Krakow buses, provided by two carriers: Municipal Transport Company (Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne S.A.) in Krakow and Mobilis sp. z o. o. Prognostic calculations (2017–2025) took into account the plans of carriers including fleet modernization activities. The results of annual values calculations of emitted heavy metals are demonstrated in the maps presenting the spatial distribution of annual emissions levels on the area of municipalities of the Krakow agglomeration, as well as along road routes where the buses of analyzed fleet were operating.
    Źródło:
    Transport Miejski i Regionalny; 2018, 1; 18-25
    1732-5153
    Pojawia się w:
    Transport Miejski i Regionalny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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