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Wyszukujesz frazę "separation of powers" wg kryterium: Temat

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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ konstytucyjnej zasady pomocniczości na kształt i funkcjonowanie samorządu terytorialnego
    The Influence of the Constitutional Principle of Subsidiarity on the Shape and Functioning of Local Government
    Autorzy:
    Dolnicki, Bogdan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6567761.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    konstytucja
    podział władzy
    zasada pomocniczości
    Constitution
    separation of powers
    principle of subsidiarity
    Opis:
    We współczesnej literaturze przedmiotu nie budzi wątpliwości to, że samorząd terytorialny wykonuje zadania o charakterze publicznym. Akceptowane jest również posługiwanie się przez samorząd instrumentami prawnymi typowymi dla władzy państwowej. Sporna natomiast jest kwestia zasady podziału kompetencji między państwo a samorząd. Jeżeli za zasadę prawną o randze konstytucyjnej zostało uznane istnienie samorządu terytorialnego wyposażonego we własny, samodzielnie realizowany zakres zadań i obowiązków, to podział zadań nie może być dokonany w sposób optymalny wyłącznie między odrębne organy państwowe (jest to tzw. poziomy podział władzy). Podział ten powinien przebiegać „pionowo”, tj. przez dopuszczenie do sprawowania funkcji państwowych również innych podmiotów o niepaństwowym charakterze, w tym głównie samorządu terytorialnego. Zarówno doktryna, jak i wspólnota europejska przy rozstrzyganiu problemu podziału władz posługuje się zasadą subsydiarności.
    In the contemporary literature on the subject, there is no doubt that local government performs tasks of a public nature. It is also acceptable for the local government to use legal instruments typical of the state authority. However, the issue of the principle of division of powers between the state and local government is disputed. If the existence of a local government equipped with its own, independently performed scope of tasks and responsibilities has been recognized as a legal principle of constitutional rank, then the division of tasks cannot be made in an optimal way only between separate state authorities (this is the so-called horizontal separation of powers). This division should be “vertical”, i.e. by allowing other non-state entities, mainly local governments, to perform state functions. Both the doctrine and the European community use the principle of subsidiarity when resolving the problem of separation of powers.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2023, 3(73); 107-125
    2082-1212
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prezydencjalizm amerykański w świetle reformy imigracyjnej Baracka Obamy.
    American presidentialism in the light of Barack Obama’s immigration reform.
    Autorzy:
    Ludwikowski, Rett R.
    Ludwikowska, Anna M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506097.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    immigration reform
    immigration policy
    Constitution
    Congress
    President
    separation of powers
    checks and balances
    executive orders
    Opis:
    The main purpose of this article is to bring the reader into an atmosphere of intensity created by the political disputes about the need of immigration reform in the United States. It is unquestionable that problems of the immigrants, who for decades were crossing illegally American borders, contribute to internal political turbulences in this country. This article proceeds on the assumption, that the immigration related problems created a social „melting pot” which became one of the most serious challenges for the American policymakers. The confrontation of the President with Congress was inevitable. On the one hand, Obama’s administration started to regulate the status of illegal immigrants by executive orders; on the other hand, the Congress was determined to bloc these actions as illegal attempts of the President violating the prerogatives of the legislative body. The conflict resulted in the stalemates which seriously undermined the effectiveness of the American system of checks and balances. The lack of legal certainty, a necessary component of the reliability of the democratic governments, triggered the dispute over the values of the interpretational flexibility of the Constitution of the United States.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2015, 4; 129-148
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zasada podziału i równowagi władz w polskim prawie konstytucyjnym w ujęciu historycznym i w Konstytucji RP z 1997 r.
    The Principle of Separation and Balance of Powers in the Polish Constitutional Law. A Historical View and in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997
    Autorzy:
    Wiśniewski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38937397.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    podział i równowaga władz
    Monteskiusz
    Druga Rzeczpospolita
    Trzecia Rzeczpospolita
    Konstytucja 3 maja
    konstytucja
    separation and balance of powers
    Montesquieu
    Second Republic of Poland
    Third Republic of Poland
    the Third of May Constitution
    Constitution
    Opis:
    In the 18th century, the doctrine of separation of powers was established as a remedy for tyranny . It is Montesquieu who is commonly regarded as the founder of the classic doctrine of separation and balance of powers. Later, attempts to create more of less original models were also made. It should be noticed that the reception of the principle of separation and balance of powers in Poland was very fast, relative to its formulation. This happened together with the establishment of the Third of May Constitution. Unfortunately, that Constitution was quickly abolished and Poland disappeared from the map of Europe for 123 years. The revived state – the Second Republic of Poland – had two constitutions let alone provisional acts of constitutional rank. The first, March Constitution directly referred to the principle of separation of powers. The other, April Constitution was a contradiction of the former. The political system of the Second Republic of Poland in the years 1935-1939 was called authoritarian. The April Constitution directly speaks of a uniform authority of the state. PRL principally had one constitution (1952) – but we have to remember about its amendments of 1976. The political system of PRL was without any doubt a totalitarian one. The Third Republic of Poland returned to the system based on the separation of powers even before its own constitution was passed (1997). Hence, despite attempts to tear the Polish State off the principle of separation of powers, its perception in the society and attachment to it were so strong and permanent that Poland, especially in the periods when it regained full sovereignty, quickly returned to building its political system basing on this very principle. The constitution of 1997 states explicitly that the Polish state system is based on the division and balance of powers: legislative (exercised by the Sejm and Senate), executive (exercised by the President and the Council of Ministers) and judiciary (exercised by the courts and tribunals) (Article 10 Section 1 and 2.) The Constitutional Tribunal, in its ruling of 1994, stated that the separation of powers cannot be regarded as a separation in the case of the relationship between the legislative and executive powers. This is different for the relationship between the judiciary and other authorities (legislative and executive). Here the separation is obligatory . The concept of the essence of individual powers assumes that there exists a sort of competence core of legislative, executive and judiciary powers. The core cannot be entered by the other powers, because it would mean violating the principle of separation of powers. It is true that acts may transfer specific powers between the powers, but the intrusion into the field belonging to another power cannot be too deep, because such a legal normalization would violate the constitutional principle of the separation of powers. The principle of separation and balance of powers involves a system of checks and balances or a system of mutual restraint and balancing of powers. L. Garlicki writes that there are two basic models of the relationship between the legislative and the executive: the parliamentary one (parliamentary-cabinet) and the presidential one. The Constitution of Poland of 1997 preserved the parliamentary system of government in Poland. Art 10 Section 1 of the Constitution of Poland of 1997 provides for the mutual balance of relations between the legislative and executive powers, subsequent provisions of the constitution give a far stronger position to the parliament, and within it - to the Sejm. This corresponds to the Polish tradition. L. Garlicki talks of the specificity of the current Polish model.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL; 2009, 5, 1; 181-203
    1896-6365
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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