Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "CNG" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 68
Tytuł:
Controlling of the work of the high charged SI engines with direct injection of compressed natural gas
Autorzy:
Mitianiec, W.
Zioło, T.
Kula, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
CNG
turbocharging
Opis:
In the future many of spark ignition engines will be fuelled by the direct injection of the compressed natural gas. The spark ignition engines fuelled by CNG with lean and stratified charge in a low load mode require much more controlling of the air-fuel ratio than the diesel engines. The paper describes the total problems of the charging of SI engines particularly with direct injection of CNG. The control of the delivered mass of the fuel and the air in order to obtain the required mixture composition is given in mathematical way. The total control system of the engine with turbocharger, the CNG injection system and the model of gas flow in the exhaust and inlet ducts are shown in diagrams with wide work explanation. The paper concerns to the important problems of fuelling of "downsizing "new SI engines in order to fulfil the future exhaust emission requirements. The publication bases partially on the work which was done in the European project. The work was the first approach in order to determine the non-stationary work of the turbocharger in spark ignition engine. Main conclusions of the work are: the pneumatic actuator in the waste-gate system is not suitable in the turbocharged spark ignition engines with direct CNG injection, the pressure and temperature before the turbine and in the inlet pipes fluctuates with not equal values of oscillations, the work was the first approach in order to determine the non-stationary work of the turbocharger in spark ignition engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 264-272
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Methane from CNG in Motor Vehicles in Polish Conditions
Autorzy:
Górniak, A.
Midor, K.
Kaźmierczak, J.
Kaniak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2065030.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
methane
CNG
alternative fuel
Opis:
The current problems related to air pollution in Europe, but also in Poland, are forcing the search for solutions aimed at significantly reducing the amount of solid particles harmful to humans in the air. Road transport is responsible for almost half of the pollution, as it releases nitrogen oxides into the air. In view of the above, the authors of the article want to turn attention toward methane as a fuel alternative traditional ones, pointing to the possibility of its use by Poland and presenting its advantages and disadvantages.
Źródło:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering; 2018, 1, 1; 241--247
2545-2827
Pojawia się w:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of the potential of using CNG to power up passenger cars in Poland
Ocena potencjału wykorzystania CNG do zasilania samochodów osobowych w Polsce
Autorzy:
Kryzia, Dominik
Pepłowska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
economic efficiency
Monte Carlo
LPG
CNG vehicle
alternative fuels
efektywność ekonomiczna
CNG
ICE
Opis:
This article presents the results of an assessment of the potential for the use of CNG in Poland as a fuel for passenger cars powered by an internal combustion engine fuelled by petrol or diesel. The basis for assessing the potential was an analysis of the economic efficiency of converting a passenger car fuelled by petrol or diesel to a dual-fuel vehicle by installing a CNG system. On the basis of available literature data, the vehicle structure was characterised using the following criteria: vehicle age, engine capacity, car-segment, type of fuel used and unladen vehicle mass. The average fuel consumption (petrol or diesel) of the vehicle before conversion was determined on the basis of specially developed statistical models. The conversion and operating costs of a vehicle fuelled with conventional fuel and with CNG (after vehicle conversion) were estimated on the basis of a stochastic simulation model using probability density distributions of vehicle parameters and the Monte Carlo method. The vehicle parameters were estimated so that the obtained set of vehicles reflected the actual structure of passenger cars in Poland. The estimated costs of vehicle conversion (purchase and installation of a CNG system) and its subsequent operating costs made it possible to assess the economic efficiency of the car conversion process. The potential use of CNG as a fuel for combustion cars was estimated by comparing the operating costs of a vehicle before conversion and the operating costs of a vehicle after conversion, taking into account the costs of conversion. Analogous calculations were carried out for the conversion of a vehicle to run on LPG, i.e. the most important competitor to CNG. At the current CNG fuel price of over 9.50 PLN/m3, the installation of a CNG system in passenger cars in Poland is not economically viable. Taking into account current fuel prices, the installation of a CNG system will start to be economically efficient for a small number of vehicles when the CNG price is 4 PLN/m3 lower than the current price. Conversion most often has a positive economic effect when it takes place in cars with a petrol-fuelled engine characterised by high fuel consumption and an average annual mileage of more than 20,000 kilometres.
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki oceny potencjału wykorzystania CNG w Polsce jako paliwa do zasilania samochodów osobowych napędzanych silnikiem spalinowym zasilanym beznyną lub olejem napędowym. Podstawą do oceny potencjału była analiza efektywności ekonomicznej konwersji samochodu osobowego zasilanego benzyną lub olejem napędowym na pojazd dwupaliwowy polegający na montażu instalcji CNG. Na podstawie dostępnych danych literaturowych scharakteryzowano strukturę pojazdów za pomocą następujących kryteriów: wiek pojazdu, pojemność silnika, autosegment, rodzaj stosowanego paliwa, masa własna. Średnie zużycie paliwa (benzyny lub oleju napędowego) przez pojazd przed konwersją zostało określone na podstawie specjalnie opracowanych modeli statystycznych. Koszty konwersji i eksploatacji pojazdu zasilanego paliwem konwencjonalnym oraz instalacja CNG (po konwersji pojazdu) oszacowano na podstawie stochastycznego modelu symulacyjnego wykorzystującego rozkłady gęstości prawdopodobieństwa parametrów pojazdów oraz metodę Monte Carlo. Parametry pojazdów estymowano tak, aby otrzymany zbiór pojazdów odzwierciedlał rzeczywistą strukturę samochodów osobowych w Polsce. Oszacowane koszty konwersji pojazdu (zakup i montaż instalacji CNG) oraz jego późniejszej koszty eksploatacji umożliwiły ocenę efektywności ekonomicznej procesu konwersji samochodu. Potencjał wykorzystania CNG jako paliwa dla samochodów spalinowych został oszacowany poprzez porównanie kosztów eksploatacji pojazdu przed konwersją i kosztów eksploatacji pojazdu po konwersji z uwzględnieniem kosztów jej przeprowadzenia. Analogiczne obliczenia prrzeprowadzono dla wariantu konwersji pojazdu na napęd zasilany LPG to jest paliwa będącego najważniejszym konkurentem dla CNG.
Źródło:
Polityka Energetyczna; 2023, 26, 4; 209--220
1429-6675
Pojawia się w:
Polityka Energetyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental impact evaluation of diesel engine fuelled with CNG
Autorzy:
Kumar, Neeraj
Arora, Bharat Bhushan
Maji, Sagar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
Diesel
CNG
Dual fuel
Emissions
diesel
cng
emisja spalin
sprężony gaz ziemny
podwójne paliwo
Opis:
The uncertainty in the supply of crude oil, increasing the number of vehicles and rising air pollution, especially in urban areas, has prompted us to look for alternative fuels. It is understood that using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in IC engines could be a mid-term solution to these problems. It is well established that CNG has better combustion characteristics and low emissions compared to conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. In the present study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the engine performance and exhaust emissions using various percentages of CNG in dual fuel mode. CNG was mixed in the intake manifold’s air stream, and diesel was injected after the compression of the CNG air mixture. This paper presents experimental results of 40%,60%, and 80% CNG in the air stream. Engine performance and emissions are presented and discussed at a speed of 1200 rpm to 1500 rpm in steps of 50 rpm. The results of the experiments showed that adding CNG to diesel engines in dual-fuel combustion significantly impacted performance and emissions. Compared to single diesel fuel combustion, dual fuel combustion increases brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at all CNG energy shares and engine speeds. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were increased, while nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke opacity were decreased in dual fuel combustion compared to single diesel fuel.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2023, 49, 1; 79--84
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe technologie dostaw gazu ziemnego elementem jego dywersyfikacji
New natural gas supply technologies as the diversification tools
Autorzy:
Piwowarski, A. J.
Rychlicki, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/300491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
transport morski gazu ziemnego
gaz skroplony (LNG)
gaz sprężony (CNG)
shipping natural gas
LNG
CNG
Opis:
Przy obecnym rocznym zużyciu gazu ziemnego rzędu 14 mld m3, posiadaniu udokumentowanych zasobów gazu ziemnego wynoszących około 100 miliardów m3 oraz posiadaniu długoterminowego kontraktu na dostawy gazu z firmą Gazprom, Polska posiada całkiem dobrą sytuację zaopatrzeniową. Ta wydawałoby się komfortowa sytuacja nie zapewnia jednak pełnego bezpieczeństwa gazo-energetycznego szczególnie w przypadku kiedy nadmierna zależność od jednego dostawcy może doprowadzić w zmieniającej się sytuacji politycznej do zakłóceń w dostawach gazu ziemnego do naszego kraju. Od wielu lat występuje chęć zdywersyfikowania źródeł i dróg dostaw gazu ziemnego do Polski. Rozważano kilka opcji dostaw dywersyfikacyjnych włączając w nie dostawy podmorskimi gazociągami z Danii i z Norwegii. Z różnych powodów te projekty nie doczekały się realizacji. Zaburzenia i przerwy w dostawach gazu rosyjskiego przez Białoruś, a przede wszystkim przez Ukrainę stały się dodatkowym sygnałem dla nasilenia prac nad znalezieniem nowych dróg i źródeł dywersyfikacyjnych dostaw gazu ziemnego. Do rozpatrywanych opcji dostaw gazu ziemnego gazociągowych czy też morskich dołączono z inicjatywy nowego kierownictwa PGNiG S.A. w 2007 roku nowe technologie dostaw. Powrócono do przeanalizowania rozpoczętych już w 2001 roku możliwości dostaw drogą morską sprężonego gazu ziemnego, stosując innowacyjną technologię rozwiniętą w Kanadzie, Norwegii i w USA. Dodatkową zaletą jest na przykład fakt, że infrastruktura (boje czy też nabrzeża) stosowane dla dostaw CNG mogą z powodzeniem służyć do wyładunku regazyfikowanego na pokładzie metanowca LNG, co stwarza możliwość dostaw gazu ziemnego w dwu postaciach ciekłej i sprężonej. Technologią dostaw regazyfikowanego na metanowcu LNG zajęto się od marca 2005 roku, po udanym pierwszym na świecie wyładunku w Zatoce Meksykańskiej. Zbliżoną do tej technologii jest technologia regazyfikacji FSRU - Floating Storage Regasification Unit, gdzie LNG jest przeładowywane na zakotwiczony tankowiec lub na barkę z instalacjami regazyfikacyjnymi. W artykule zostaną przedstawione zarówno możliwości dostaw CNG do Polski jak i technologie regazyfikacji LNG przy wykorzystaniu tankowców zakotwiczonych na nabrzeżu portowym.
With the present annual consumption of about 14 bm3, not negligible indigenous natural gas reserves (approx. 100 bm3) and long term natural gas supply contract with Gazprom, Poland is quite well endowed with natural gas resources. Nevertheless this apparently comfortable situation doesn't represent sufficient gas supply security especially in the future when the dependency on one main external gas supply source could have been increasing, and when the political factors can disturb the regular gas supply to the country. Since several years there is an intention and concern in Poland to diversify gas supply sources and routes in view of increasing not only gas supply security but also to improve the flexibility of gas transmission system, to deserve zones not supplied with gas, and to find less costly gas. Several options of gas supply diversification have been envisaged until now including off shore gas pipelines from Denmark and Norway but for various reasons political and economic couldn't be implemented until now. Some years ago LNG project has also arisen. Some troubles, but not really important in the Russian gas supplies throughout Belarus, and Ukraine occurred in the past, becoming an additional signal to intensify the search for a new solutions to enhance the gas supply security. Among several solutions the choice has been made for the shipping natural gas mainly from the North and Norwegian Sea Region to the Polish gas market using an innovative CNG sea transport technology developed in Norway, Canada, and in USA; this solution is being perceived as the most feasible and most interesting from the point of view of the flexibility, security, relatively modest investment costs, rapidity (short time of implementation), and good gas price, especially for gas from so called mature areas. However, an alternative solution to diversify gas supply to Poland remains LNG, when we have started with the project of LNG receiving terminal in North-Western part of the country (near Szczecin), which is expected to be operational in the middle of 2014 year. Another solution, that we are envisaging, constitutes the use of the new technology of gas supply i.e. LNG regasified on the LNG tanker offshore or onshore or regasified on the Floating Storage Regasification Unit - FSRU, which can be a cheap, second hand LNG carrier or a barge. The Regas LNG can be sent directly to the high pressure gas pipeline onshore; this solution is called alongside ship moored. We are taking into consideration two from four existing technologies of Regas LNG: (i) Energy Bridge Regasification Vessel - EBRV TM - owned by the American company, Energy Excelerate from Houston, and the Norwegian technology represented by Hoegh LNG company.
Źródło:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz; 2010, 27, 1--2; 333-348
1507-0042
Pojawia się w:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative study of the performance of an internal combustion engine and its emission working on conventional fuel (Diesel) and alternative fuel (Bio-CNG)
Autorzy:
Ingawale, Shrikant M.
Bagi, J. S.
Nikam, L. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
comparative study
biogas
bio-CNG
diesel
performance
efficiency
emission
analiza porównawcza
biogaz
CNG
wydajność
emisja
Opis:
Currently, the world is facing problems regarding environmental pollution due to the combustion of fossil fuels. Generally, the combustion of fossil fuels takes place in the Internal Combustion engine for power or electricity generation. The combustion of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases that lead to the greenhouse effect. The main symptom of the greenhouse effect is increased earth surface temperature. Also, the resources of fossil fuels are depleting rapidly and can take thousands of years to reproduce, so the time has come to go for lesser polluting renewable fuels. In this research, Bio-CNG is considered as an alternative fuel to conventional fuel, i.e. Diesel. The performance test on four-stroke IC Engines working on Bio-CNG and Diesel fuel is conducted simultaneously. The performance parameters such as Brake Power, Indicated Power, Thermal Efficiencies, Mechanical, Volumetric efficiency for both fuels are compared. Along with the performance, the emission is also recorded and compared. The results have shown that Bio-CNG has slightly less performance ability for similar engines working on Diesel fuel. Yet, this study also shows that Bio-CNG possesses the ability to replace the conventional fuel with some engine and exhaust system modifications. The higher calorific value (47000 kJ/kg) and lower or negligible carbon emission make it the best sustainable fuel substitute to conventional fuel, i.e. Diesel.
Źródło:
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering; 2022, 6, 1; 67--76
2544-0780
2544-1671
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane aspekty analizy składu spalin autobusów zasilanych CNG
Chosen aspects of exhaust gases composition analysis of buses propulsed by CNG
Autorzy:
Szczęsny, P.
Orlicz-Szczęsna, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/312065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
spaliny
analiza składu spalin
autobus
komunikacja miejska
CNG
zasilanie CNG
exhaust
fumes
public transport
city transport
power CNG
analysis of composition exhaust of buses
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analiz składu spalin autobusów komunikacji miejskiej, przystosowanych do zasilania gazem ziemnym CNG. W skład grupy badawczej weszły trzy marki autobusów: Jelcz 120M, Solaris Urbino 12 i MAN Lion’s City A21. Wyniki pomiarów emisji CO2 poddano weryfikacji obliczeniowej, co pozwoliło na pogłębioną analizę własności ekologicznych i eksploatacyjnych badanych autobusów. W części wstępnej pracy przedstawiono aktualną charakterystykę stosowania napędów CNG w autobusowej komunikacji miejskiej w Polsce.
The results of exhaust gases composition analysis in the city buses, adapted to be supplied by natural gas - CNG were presented. The investigated vehicles group contained three models: Jelcz 120M, Solaris Urbino 12 and MAN Lion’s City A21. The results of CO2 measurements were calculative verified, which allowed to conduct deepened analysis of ecological and operational characteristics of investigated buses. In the introductory part of the paper the characteristics of current CNG propulsion usage in public transport buses in Poland were shown.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 6; 429-433
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects of Decarbonizing Industrial Areas in the Baltic States by Means of Alternative Fuels
Autorzy:
Mezulis, Ansis
Kleperis, Janis
Lesnicenoks, Peteris
Zemite, Laila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
alternative fuel
biofuel
CNG
compressed natural gas
bio-CNG
HCNG
GHG emission
greenhouse gas emission
Opis:
All three Baltic States have reached good figures regarding the change in total greenhouse gas emissions from transport during 1990-2017. Particularly successful is Lithuania, showing a negative value of -2.7%. Latvia considerably lags behind Estonia (+15.1% vs. +1.5%). Amid the achievement of Latvian scientists, engineers and merchants, the authors point out the work of Lithuanian engineers who investigated how gaseous hydrogen affects the parameters of diesel internal combustion engine. Important to note that in the Baltic States, the activities of inland waterway vessels and the shunting locomotives are concentrated in only a few main cities. Regarding that, Baltic scientists and environment specialists nowadays are developing plans also for local air pollution decreasing, which can be carried out in particular cities or industrial areas, thereby allowing for improvements in air cleanliness and the ecological situation in concerned local area. A numerical estimation shows that applying the NYSMART technology, introduced in this paper, will make areas of active action of the high-volume diesels cleaner in the same amount as gained by photosynthesis of the urban green flora. In recent years, the developed technology of hydraulic piston compression allows producing numerous different vehicle fueling appliances for the CNG/bio-CNG fuel. The further development of this technology means the producing of various solutions, applicable at biogas/biomethane production sites, for CNG/bio-CNG compression, transportation and fast natural gas vehicles refueling in a cost effective and convenient way. The hydraulic piston compression and NYSMART have a potential in small and medium-scale technologies and therefore need to be developed further for applications with hydrogen. Production of biomethane and green hydrogen is delayed by the lack of state aid programmes in the Baltic States. Lithuania is on the way to change the situation in the coming years, with one of the first biomethane gas production plants due to be built near Panevėžys, in Šilagalys near the Via Baltica motorway. Summing up all aspects, the preconditions for the use of alternative fuels in the Baltic States are similar, allowing one to learn from other’s experience and to consider joint projects.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 8; 152--161
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bariery rozwoju rynku sprężonego gazu ziemnego do napędu pojazdów w Polsce
Barriers of market development of the compressed natural gas for car refueling in Poland
Autorzy:
Kwaśniewski, K.
Sas, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/300071.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
sprężony gaz ziemny
CNG
stacje tankowania CNG
paliwa ekologiczne
compressed natural gas
refuelling stations
ecological gas (fuel)
Opis:
Prognozy dotyczące głównych paliw alternatywnych do pojazdów na rok 2020 oceniają potencjał rynkowy paliw produkowanych z biomasy na 15%, gazu ziemnego na 10%, LPG na 5% i wodoru na kilka procent. Strategie rozwoju rynku NGV w Europie czy w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku są zdecydowanie różne. Substytucja paliw ropopochodnych w Polsce na zakładanym poziomie 2% w roku 2010 i 5% w roku 2015 nie będzie możliwa do zrealizowania, cele strategiczne w tym zakresie należy zatem skorygować. Na obecnym etapie rozwoju rynku w Polsce kluczowym zagadnieniem są strategie wdrożeniowe oraz koszty. Rozwiązania w zakresie wytwarzania pojazdów oraz sprężania gazu są technologią w pełni dojrzałą i nie stwarzają żadnego ryzyka operacyjnego. Doświadczenia krajów europejskich wskazują, że osiągnięcie "masy krytycznej" wymaga wybudowania w Polsce kilkuset czynnych całodobowo stacji sprężania, a analiza kosztów operacyjnych najlepszych rozwiązań w kraju pokazuje, że budowa i eksploatacja stacji może być efektywna przy cenie CNG na poziomie 1,35 zł/Nm3 (dotyczy poziomu cen I kwartału 2009), a więc zapewniającej konkurencyjność wobec paliw ropopochodnych. Jednak PGNiG S.A. powinno dokonać reorientacji strategii eksploatacji posiadanych stacji sprężania, standaryzacji rozwiązań w zakresie ich budowy i wyposażenia oraz polityki cen CNG.
The forecast for 2020 for the main alternative gas for vehicles estimate the economic (market) potential of fuel produced of bio-mass at 15%, natural gas at 10%, LPG at 5% and hydrogen at a few percent. The development strategies of the NGV market in Europe and in the Asia-Pacific area are completely different. The substitution of fuel oil derivatives in Poland on the estimated level of 2% in 2010 and 5% in 2015 will not be possible to implementation (realization); thus the strategic aims in this area have to be corrected (adjusted). The implementing strategies and costs are the crucial issues at the present stage of the market development in Poland. The solutions of vehicles production and gas compression are the fully developed technology and do not create any operational risk. Based on the European countries experiences we can say that in order to reach the critical mass it is necessary to build in Poland a few hundred CNG gas stations, opened 24 hours. The analysis of operational costs of the best solutions in Poland shows that construction and exploitation of the gas stations can be effective at the 1,35 zł/Nm3 CNG price (for the prices of the first three months); so it guarantees the competitiveness toward the fuel oil derivatives. In that case PGNiG S.A. is obliged to reorientate its strategy of exploitation their CNG gas stations, to standardize the solutions of constructing and equiping as well as the CNG price policy.
Źródło:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz; 2009, 26, 3; 527-537
1507-0042
Pojawia się w:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technological and safety aspects of CNG home fast refueling units
Autorzy:
Kuczyński, S.
Liszka, K.
Łaciak, M.
Oliinyk, A.
Strods, R.
Szurlej, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298681.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
CNG
natural gas
safety
natural gas vehicles
Opis:
Despite all global economic shifts and the fact that natural gas is recognized worldwide as the main and the leading alternative to oil products in transportation sector, there is a huge barrier to switch passenger vehicle segment to natural gas – the lack of refueling infrastructure for natural gas vehicles. The key to solving that problem and providing barrier breaking refueling infrastructure solution for natural gas vehicles (NGV) is home fast refueling units. It operates using natural gas (methane), which is being provided through gas pipelines at client’s home, and electricity connection point. It enables an environmentally friendly NGV’s home refueling just in minutes. The underlying technology is one stage hydraulic compressor (instead of multistage mechanical compressor technology) which provides the possibility to compress low pressure gas from residential gas grid to 200 bar for its further usage as a fuel for NGVs. More than efficiency and convenience, the direct hydraulic compressor technology provides compelling cost and lifetime advantages as well as superior convenience over other solutions. Aims of this article is to compare technical, technological and safety aspects of home refueling units and estimate a perspectives of natural gas vehicles as an alternative for regular vehicles.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2016, 33, 2; 425-432
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomethane as a fuel for city transport
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Żółtowski, A.
Grzelak, P. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247861.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
biomethane
biogas
road transport
environmental protection
CNG
Opis:
Depletion of fossil energy sources, and thus the prices increase of conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel, the energy security and dependence on imported fuels, as well as the deteriorating environment and global warming mean that there are more and more new technologies using renewable energy sources nowadays. In the medium- and long-term perspective a significant changes are needed regarding means of transport in ensuring "sustainable mobility", while the horizon of short-term solution is the implementation of biofuels, including biogas refined to form of biomethane, and renewable alternative fuels. Biomethane is produced from waste organic matter. Directive 2009/28/EC indicates the benefits of using waste for the production of transport fuels, to decarbonisation of the energy sector and requires Member States of UE to use renewable fuels. The paper presents possibilities for the biomethane production, as well as conditions to use it as fuel to power city buses. The level of current use of gaseous fuels in the national urban transport was specified, and also conducted an evaluation of benefits, especially ecological, to use these fuels for these applications.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 175-179
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of intake valve closure angle on IC engine indicated parameters
Autorzy:
Grab-Rogaliński, K.
Szwaja, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
over-expanded cycle
turbocharging
valve timing
CNG
Opis:
The paper presents results of modelling study of influence of an intake valve closure angle on IC engine indicated parameters. The modelled engine was Andoria S231, which was working on methane. At first, optimizations of the model were done by comparison of the indicated mean effective pressure for real engine and modelled engine. Next, modelling was done for early intake valve closure angle in comparison to original closure angle. The engine was simulated as a naturally aspirated one and for the cases such indicated; parameters as indicated efficiency, mean indicated pressure, fuel consumption were calculated. During the modelling ignition, timing and air-fuel ratio were fixed. For better comparison for two cases of early intake valve closure angle the engine was modelled as super-charged one where mean indicated pressure was fixed at the same level as for the naturally aspirated engine working with original valve timing and indicated parameters were calculated and compared with in parameters determined from this naturally aspirated engine. Because of the calculations, characteristics of indicated parameters vs. intake valve closure angle were computed. As a result of this research, both the decrease in indicated efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure were shown, temperature of fresh charge, end of compression stroke and maximum in-cylinder temperature were observed for naturally aspirated engine with early intake valve closure angle.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 3; 29-35
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In-cylinder combustion analysis of a SI engine fuelled with hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) : engine performance, efficiency and emissions
Autorzy:
Juknelevičius, R.
Mehra, R.K.
Ma, F.
Szwaja, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245683.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
hydrogen
CNG
SI engine
combustion
emission
MFB
Opis:
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen addition on spark ignition (SI) engine’s performance, thermal efficiency, and emission using variable composition hydrogen/CNG mixtures. The hydrogen was used in amounts of 0%, 20%, 40% by volume fraction at each engine speed and load. Experimental analysis was performed at engine speed of 1200 rpm, load of 120 Nm corresponding BMEP = 0.24 MPa, spark timing 26 CAD BTDC, and at engine speed of 2000 rpm, load of 350 Nm corresponding BMEP = 0.71 MPa, spark timing 22 CAD BTDC. The investigation results show that increasing amounts of hydrogen volume fraction contribute to shorten ignition delay time and decrease of the combustion duration, that also affect main combustion phase. The combustion duration analysis of mass fraction burned (MFB) was presented in the article. Decrease of CO2 in the exhaust gases was observed with increase of hydrogen amounts to the engine. However, nitrogen oxides (NOX) were found to increase with hydrogen addition if spark timing was not optimized according to hydrogen’s higher burning speed.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 253-260
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concept of a multi-fuel, low-power generator with a self-ignition, common rail gas engine
Autorzy:
Piętak, A.
Imiołek, M.
Imiołek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
dual-fuel feeding
CNG
steering
renewable fuel
Opis:
An idea of using biomass for generating electricity and heat leads to new solutions for power generators, adapted to be supplied with gaseous and liquid biofuels. At present, there is a growing interest in low-power generators. This type of energy production is termed 'scattered energy generation'. It is expected that generating energy in small units situated close to energy consumers may bring about substantial benefits. It is assumed that in a scattered energy generation system, energy will be produced from local fuels, such as broadly understood biomass as a primary component for production of gaseous and liquid biofuels to power low-power energy generators. An adequate amount of biomass must be secured to ensure that biogas can be produced all year round. The easiest way to store highly efficient biomass is to ensile maize and rye as well as grass. The amounts of biogas obtained from these two types of silage are comparable. Using rye as a renewable energy source for production of either bioethanol or biogas is economically viable for at least two reasons: rye grows on poor class soils and rye cultivation technology can be reduced to just nitrogen fertilization. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to generate energy in Poland in scattered energy generation systems from crops grown for this purpose. Currently, gas-powered engines are being in several ways.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 349-356
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 68

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies