Comparative study of the performance of an internal combustion engine and its emission working on conventional fuel (Diesel) and alternative fuel (Bio-CNG)

Currently, the world is facing problems regarding environmental pollution due to the combustion of fossil fuels. Generally, the combustion of fossil fuels takes place in the Internal Combustion engine for power or electricity generation. The combustion of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases that lead to the greenhouse effect. The main symptom of the greenhouse effect is increased earth surface temperature. Also, the resources of fossil fuels are depleting rapidly and can take thousands of years to reproduce, so the time has come to go for lesser polluting renewable fuels. In this research, Bio-CNG is considered as an alternative fuel to conventional fuel, i.e. Diesel. The performance test on four-stroke IC Engines working on Bio-CNG and Diesel fuel is conducted simultaneously. The performance parameters such as Brake Power, Indicated Power, Thermal Efficiencies, Mechanical, Volumetric efficiency for both fuels are compared. Along with the performance, the emission is also recorded and compared. The results have shown that Bio-CNG has slightly less performance ability for similar engines working on Diesel fuel. Yet, this study also shows that Bio-CNG possesses the ability to replace the conventional fuel with some engine and exhaust system modifications. The higher calorific value (47000 kJ/kg) and lower or negligible carbon emission make it the best sustainable fuel substitute to conventional fuel, i.e. Diesel.