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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Variability in the saline water exchange between the Baltic and the Gulf of Gdańsk by the σ-coordinate model
    Autorzy:
    Jankowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48078.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coastal zone
    variability
    thermohaline variability
    water exchange
    saline water
    Baltic Sea
    mass exchange
    Gdansk Gulf
    Opis:
    A three-dimensional baroclinic σ–coordinate model was applied to study the circulation and thermohaline variability in the coastal zone in the south-eastern Baltic Sea. The model is based on the Princeton Ocean Model code of Blumberg & Mellor (1987), known as POM, and has the horizontal resolution of ∼5 km and 24 σ-levels in the vertical. The hydrodynamic conditions and variability of water and salt exchange between the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Baltic Proper, and the renewal of water masses in the Gulf of Gdańsk due to atmospheric forcing are analyzed. The numerical simulations were performed with real atmospheric forcings as well as with homogeneous (spatially uniform) wind fields over the whole Baltic Sea. The numerical simulations showed that the atmospheric forcing (winds) can play a significant role in shaping the renewal of bottom saline waters in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Two regions of inflow/outflow of saline waters responsible for the salinity regime were located. The overall water exchange between the Gulf and the Baltic Proper as well as the exchange of saline bottom waters appear to be strongly dependent on wind conditions. The net flux of water of salinity >9 PSU is of the order of 48 000–100000 m3 s−1. SE, E, S and NE winds were found to exert the greatest influence on salinity conditions in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Estimates of saline (salinity >9 PSU) water residence time based on the model simulation yielded values from 46 days for SE winds to 153 days for NW winds.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2003, 45, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The pathway of the water exchange over the Gdansk-Gotland Sill of the Baltic Sea and its impact on habitat formation during the stagnation period
    Autorzy:
    Krek, A.
    Gusev, A.
    Krek, E.
    Krechik, V.
    Kapustina, M.
    Kondrashov, A.
    Dudkov, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078932.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    water exchange
    stagnation period
    bottom layer
    habitat
    Gdansk-Gotland Sill
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    Water exchange between the deep basins of the Baltic Sea during stagnation periods ventilates the bottom layer. Such exchange may be local and associated with the seabed topography features. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible pathway of water exchange within the Gdansk-Gotland ´ Sill. A comprehensive study was conducted near the one of the local erosional trenches (depressions), comprising bathymetric survey using multibeam echosounder, water column CTD-sounding, tilt current meters mooring, and sampling of seabed deposits and macrozoobenthos. The absence of pelitic sediments even in the natural trench depressions was identified. The seabed is composed of dense clays with surface erosion signs. The presence of a current towards the Gotland Basin was recorded in the bottom layer of the erosional trench. This layer was characterized by increased salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration. The trench was also an area with macrozoobenthos richer in species composition and biomass. Moreover, indicator species of the North Sea waters were found exclusively within the erosional trench. Macrozoobenthic community structure and the age of benthic organisms confirm the existence of permanent water exchange directly from the Słupsk Furrow through the erosional trench, and indicate one of the advective pathways of water exchange between the deep Baltic Sea basins.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2021, 63, 2; 163-178
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The history of coastal lakes studies with a special regard to Lake Gardno
    Autorzy:
    Paturej, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/84791.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
    Tematy:
    history
    coastal lake
    lake
    Lake Gardno
    Baltic Sea
    coastal zone
    water exchange
    sea water
    lake water
    Źródło:
    Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline; 2001, 05
    1643-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Coherent current oscillations and water exchange in the straits of the Gulf of Riga
    Autorzy:
    Talpsepp, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49149.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    current
    water exchange
    coherent current
    Riga Gulf
    Gulf of Riga Project
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    The water exchange processes through the Irbe and Virtsu (Suur) Straits were investigated in 1993–1997 within the framework of a five-year study programme – the Gulf of Riga Project. Simultaneous current measurement data from autonomous mooring stations in both straits were available for the analysis in two periods. In addition to the dominant signals – inertial oscillations in the Virtsu Strait and diurnal oscillations in the Irbe Strait – low-frequency oscillations were found in both straits. During the experiment in July–August 1994, 12–14-day oscillations were observed in both straits: the maximum phase lag in the Virtsu Strait was 1 day. The other important low-frequency periodic component in both straits was 88 hours. In this case, the phase lag in the Virtsu Strait was about 20 hours. In the 1995 experiment in the Irbe Strait, 42-hour oscillations were observed with a phase lag of 10–12 hours. The amplitude was about 30 cm s−1 in both straits. As in Lilover et al. (1998), where the flow regime in the Irbe Strait was observed, we can interpret these oscillations as being wind-generated. The present work shows the existence of these disturbances also in the Virtsu Strait. The 88-hour oscillations observed in July–August 1994 can be interpreted as the first mode of the basin’s eigenoscillations according to the concept of Otsmann et al. (1997) of a basin with two separate outlets. The lowest frequency oscillation with the period of 12–14 days seemed to propagate to the Gulf of Riga from the Baltic Proper, but the generating force could not be established because there was no noticeable variability between depressions and anticyclones during that period. Based on the current measurements, two types of water exchange through the Irbe strait were established: the outflow over the whole cross-section of the strait, and a bidirectional flow with an inflow near the southern shore and increasing inflow in the near-bottom layers and an outflow in the northern part of the strait.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2005, 47, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of the circulation, water exchange and water age properties of the Gulf of Bothnia
    Autorzy:
    Myrberg, K.
    Andrejev, O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48311.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Sopot
    water exchange
    Bothnia Gulf
    mean circulation
    conference
    Baltic Sea
    modelling
    eutrophication
    water age
    Bothnian Bay
    Opis:
    To estimate the mean circulation, water exchange and water age in the Gulf of Bothnia a ten-year simulation using a three-dimensional numerical model was carried out. The results confirmed the early findings byWitting (1912) and Palm´en (1930) that a mean cyclonic circulation takes place both in the Bothnian Sea and in the Bothnian Bay. However, the modelling results showed clearly that there exist meso-scale circulation features including coastal ‘jets’, not reported in the Witting-Palm´en results. The simulated mean currents were also higher than those found earlier, while the persistency of this circulation is typically between 20 and 60%, which is similar to the earlier results. There is a large difference between the various model-based water-exchange estimates: these are strictly dependent on the time-averaging used. Water age proved to reflect properties of the mean circulation system, and the highest water age (of around 7.4 years) was found in the central part of the Bothnian Bay. The water age was found to be rather high also in the entire Gulf of Bothnia, which provides evidence of the rather slow water exchange between the Gulf and the Baltic Sea. This leads to the conclusion that, from the physical point of view, the Gulf of Bothnia is vulnerable to eutrophication.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, S
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Distinctive features of water exchange across the Słupsk Sill (a full-scale experiment)
    Autorzy:
    Paka, V.
    Golenko, N.
    Korzh, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47795.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Sopot
    water exchange
    thermohaline structure
    Slupsk Sill
    saline water
    conference
    Baltic Sea
    high-resolution transect
    inflow water
    brackish water
    Opis:
    The flows of brackish waters in the upper layer and saline waters in the lower layer meet above the Słupsk Sill, which makes this one of the most significant features of the Baltic Sea, controlling as it does the ventilation of the deep basins in its central region. Earlier high-resolution measurements using towed scanning probes conducted here for more than ten years had revealed the complexity and variability of the water dynamics in this area. Mapping surveys repeated in quick succession are needed to study the water exchange in such an area. A survey of this kind was attempted in October 2003 during the 57th cruise of the r/v ‘Professor Shtokman’. Three surveys were carried out in the areas of the Słupsk Sill, the eastern Bornholm Basin, and the western Słupsk Furrow by means of a scanning probe towed along closely-spaced transects. The water structure around the sill was different each time, despite the rather short time gaps between the surveys. As follows from the data analysis, during the first survey, the saline Bornholm waters flowed over the sill as an axially symmetrical jet and entrained the adjacent freshened cold waters of the intermediate layer. In ten days, this joint flow displaced to the southern flank of the sill and propagated in the Słupsk Furrow along its southern border, with the dense core of saline waters gradually moving over the bottom to the northern border. Concurrently, the contrary flow of the main volume of cold freshened waters, originating from northern areas and leaving the Baltic Sea, was pushed away from the southern wall of the furrow and blocked at a significant distance from the sill. In three days, the blocked waters forced their way through towards its northern flank. Just below these waters, waters of elevated salinity were found above the eastern slope of the sill at the depth of its ridge, while waters of a similar salinity occurred below the depth of the ridge above the western slope of the sill. There were no indications of intensive overflow in the central and southern areas of the sill. Accordingly, the return flow of Bornholm waters across the sill became possible.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, S
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Periodic variability of currents induced by topographically trapped waves in the coastal zone in the Gulf of Finland
    Autorzy:
    Talpsepp, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48759.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    trapped wave
    Sopot
    current
    water exchange
    Finland Gulf
    topographical wave
    Pakri Bay
    conference
    Baltic Sea
    Estonia
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to examine the water exchange regime between the bays of northern Estonia (Pakri Bay, Ihasalu Bay and Muuga Bay) and the open part of the Gulf of Finland. To this end, the current measurements and CTD-castings performed at the border of the bays and the open part of the Gulf of Finland in summer 1994, 1995–96 and 1997 are analysed. All the current measurements displayed one feature in common: the existence of periodic variability with a current amplitude of between 5 and 25 cm s−1 and a variability period of 3–4 days (68 hours in Pakri Bay, 72 hours in Muuga Bay and 78 hours in Ihasalu Bay). The amplitudes of this variability differed during different time periods of the experiment and in different parts of the southern Gulf of Finland. The hypothesis was propounded that this variability is the result of bottom-trapped waves, as had been found in many other regions of the Baltic Sea (Aitsam & Talpsepp 1982, Talpsepp 1983). To interpret the results of the measurements, a model of bottom-trapped waves for this region was used. This was the short-wave version of Huthnance’s (1978) numerical model of coastal-trapped waves, according to which the wave parameters for the experimental regions were calculated. Comparison of the model and the measurements implies that coastal-trapped waves do exist off the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, S
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Processes regulating pCO2 in the surface waters of the Central Eastern Gotland Sea: a model study
    Autorzy:
    Kuznetsov, I.
    Neumann, T.
    Schneider, B.
    Yakushev, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48971.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic Sea
    biogeochemical modelling
    brackish water
    carbon dioxide
    Cyanoprokaryota
    detritus
    ecological status
    ecosystem
    ERGOM model
    nitrogen fixation
    seasonal change
    surface water
    water exchange
    Opis:
    This work presents a one-dimensional simulation of the seasonal changes in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The results of the model were constrained using data from observations, which improved the model’s ability to estimate nitrogen fixation in the central Baltic Sea and allowed the impact of nitrogen fixation on the ecological state of the Baltic Sea to be studied. The model used here is the public domain water-column model GOTM (General Ocean Turbulence Model), which in this study was coupled with a modifed Baltic Sea ecosystem model, ERGOM (The Baltic Sea Research Institute’s ecosystem model). To estimate nitrogen fixation rates in the Gotland Sea, the ERGOM model was modified by including an additional cyanobacteria group able to fix nitrogen from March to June. Furthermore, the model was extended by a simple CO2 cycle. Variable C:P and N:P ratios, controlled by phosphate concentrations in ambient water, were used to represent cyanobacteria, detritus and sediment detritus. This approach improved the model’s ability to reproduce sea-surface phosphate and pCO2 dynamics. The resulting nitrogen fixation rates in 2005 for the two simulations, with and without the additional cyanobacteria group, were 259 and 278 mmol N m−2 year−1 respectively.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Currents and waves in the Northern Gulf of Riga: measurement and long-term hindcast
    Autorzy:
    Suursaar, U.
    Kullas, T.
    Aps, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47862.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    hydrodynamic modelling
    water exchange
    wave
    Riga Gulf
    Baltic Sea
    long-term hindcast
    wave measurement
    wind force
    wind condition
    atmospheric circulation
    Opis:
    Based on measurements of waves and currents obtained for a period of 302 days with a bottom-mounted RDCP (Recording Doppler Current Profiler) at two differently exposed locations, a model for significant wave height was calibrated separately for those locations; in addition, the Gulf of Riga-Vainameri 2D model was validated, and the hydrodynamic conditions were studied. Using wind forcing data from the Kihnu meteorological station, a set of current, water exchange and wave hindcasts were obtained for the period 1966–2011. Current patterns in the Gulf and in the straits were wind-dependent with characteristic wind switch directions. The Matsi coast was prone to upwelling in persistent northerly wind conditions. During the hindcast period, currents increased along the Koiguste coast and in the Suur Strait, waves decreased noticeably off Koiguste but fluctuated without a clear linear trend near Matsi. The spatially contrasting results for differently exposed coasts were related to the corresponding variations in local wind conditions and to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns over northern Europe.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2012, 54, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Computation of energy for diapycnal mixing in the Baltic Sea due to internal wave drag acting on wind-driven barotropic currents
    Autorzy:
    Nohr, C.
    Gustafsson, B.G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48609.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic Sea
    North Sea
    barotropic motion
    computation
    deep water
    halocline
    internal wave
    saline water
    sea level
    seasonal thermocline
    shallow water
    stratification
    surface area
    turbulent mixing
    water exchange
    wind force
    Opis:
    The pathways of energy supply for mixing the deep waters of the Baltic Sea is largely unknown. In this paper, a parameterization of the internal wave drag forces on barotropic motion is developed and implemented into a two-dimensional shallow water model of the Baltic Sea. The model is validated against observed sea levels. The dissipation of barotropic motion by internal wave drag that is quantified from the model results show that breaking internal waves generated by wind forced barotropic motions can contribute significantly to diapycnal mixing in the deep water of the Baltic Sea.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2009, 51, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Flow, waves and water exchange in the Suur Strait, Gulf of Riga, in 2008
    Autorzy:
    Raudsepp, U.
    Laanemets, J.
    Haran, G.
    Alari, V.
    Pavelson, J.
    Kouts, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49038.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    flow
    wave
    water exchange
    Suur Strait
    Riga Gulf
    modelling
    shear velocity
    Baltic Sea
    wind
    wind condition
    storm
    wave heigh
    sediment
    seasonal cycle
    horizontal distribution
    outflow
    Opis:
    Wind, flow and wave measurements were performed in November–December in 2008 in the relatively narrow and shallow Suur Strait connecting the waters of the V¨ainameri and the Gulf of Riga. During the measurement period wind conditions were extremely variable, including a severe storm on 23 November. The flow speed along the strait varied between ±0.2 m s−1, except for the 0.4 m s−1 that occurred after the storm as a result of the sea level gradient. The mean and maximum significant wave heights were 0.53 m and 1.6 m respectively. Because of their longer fetch, southerly winds generated higher waves in the strait than winds from the north. All wave events caused by the stronger southerly winds induced sediment resuspension, whereas the current-induced shear velocity slightly exceeded the critical value for resuspension only when the current speed was 0.4 m s−1. A triplenested two-dimensional high resolution (100 m in the Suur Strait) circulation model and the SWAN wave model were used to simulate water exchange in 2008 and the wave-induced shear velocity field in the Suur Strait respectively. Circulation model simulations demonstrated that water exchange was highly variable, that cumulative transport followed an evident seasonal cycle, and that there was an gross annual outflow of 23 km3 from the Gulf of Riga. The horizontal distribution of waveinduced shear velocity during the strong southerly wind event indicated large shear velocities and substantial horizontal variability. The shear velocities were less than the critical value for resuspension in the deep area of the Suur Strait.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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