The flows of brackish waters in the upper layer and saline waters in the lower layer
meet above the Słupsk Sill, which makes this one of the most significant features
of the Baltic Sea, controlling as it does the ventilation of the deep basins in its
central region. Earlier high-resolution measurements using towed scanning probes
conducted here for more than ten years had revealed the complexity and variability
of the water dynamics in this area.
Mapping surveys repeated in quick succession are needed to study the water
exchange in such an area. A survey of this kind was attempted in October 2003
during the 57th cruise of the r/v ‘Professor Shtokman’. Three surveys were carried
out in the areas of the Słupsk Sill, the eastern Bornholm Basin, and the western
Słupsk Furrow by means of a scanning probe towed along closely-spaced transects.
The water structure around the sill was different each time, despite the rather short
time gaps between the surveys. As follows from the data analysis, during the first
survey, the saline Bornholm waters flowed over the sill as an axially symmetrical
jet and entrained the adjacent freshened cold waters of the intermediate layer. In
ten days, this joint flow displaced to the southern flank of the sill and propagated in the Słupsk Furrow along its southern border, with the dense core of saline
waters gradually moving over the bottom to the northern border. Concurrently,
the contrary flow of the main volume of cold freshened waters, originating from
northern areas and leaving the Baltic Sea, was pushed away from the southern wall
of the furrow and blocked at a significant distance from the sill. In three days, the
blocked waters forced their way through towards its northern flank. Just below
these waters, waters of elevated salinity were found above the eastern slope of the
sill at the depth of its ridge, while waters of a similar salinity occurred below the
depth of the ridge above the western slope of the sill. There were no indications
of intensive overflow in the central and southern areas of the sill. Accordingly, the
return flow of Bornholm waters across the sill became possible.
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