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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 48
Tytuł:
Badanie zależności pomiędzy handlem zagranicznym a PKB z wykorzystaniem modelu VAR oraz przyczynowości Grangera
Relationship between foreign trade and GDP: VAR model and Granger causality
Autorzy:
Pisarski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
VAR
Granger
causality
GDP
international trade
Opis:
The main goal of this paper is to examine relationships between GDP and inter-national trade (exports and imports). Foreign trade channels which can affect national in-come have been listed and the impact of trade on GDP was described. Differences between a closed and an open economy are shown. The autoregression vector (VAR) model was used as well as Granger causality test. Quarterly dataset for the USA, the period from 1997:Q1 to 2013:Q3 was used. The results of Granger causality test led us to the conclusion that export causes GDP and also GDP and import affect each other (in Granger causality).
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2013, 4(42); 103-116
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instytucjonalna ochrona tajemnic przedsiębiorstwa w wybranych krajach. Wnioski dla Unii Europejskiej
Institutional protection of trade secrets in selected countries. Recommendations for the European Union
Autorzy:
Nowak, Oktawian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
trade secret
institutions
intangibles
Opis:
There are many assets that give companies strength, capabilities, potential, and business advantage over the competition. These assets must be adequately overseen, protected and maintained. One of the examples of such a critical organization resource is information that may have a form of so-called intellectual property. Intellectual property (intangible assets in the form of information) has become significantly important in relation to the processes of international trade development, technology transfers, and globalization. A lot of authors, including many recognized authorities in law, management and/or economics, recognize intangible assets as key resources of the enterprise, that enable achieving a sustainable competitive advantage (the company’s ability to offer more favorable terms and conditions of purchase to its customers, and consequently reap greater benefits than other market players). Hence the need for their adequate protection, especially taking into account multiple threats coming out of globalization of trade and international economic cooperation. Many activities in this area belong to the company itself. However; the legal framework of intellectual property protection that is properly designed can foster the promotion of innovation in industry, and conflict-free operation of international trade. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to present the role of intangible assets in today’s economy and provide an overview of the major differences in protection and law enforcements provided by state institutions in selected countries. Wherein, the definition of intangible assets - due to width and depth of the research area - has been limited to confidential business information (often also referred to as trade secrets or business secrets). By trade secrets we generally mean undisclosed to the public technical, technological, commercial or organizational information, that an owner has taken the necessary action to maintain its confidentiality. In other words, they are confidential information of commercial or economic value, maintained by their covert nature, where the owner has taken appropriate measures to protect them, for example, by forcing confidential agreements or through restrictive terms of access to essential technical knowledge, such as know-how.
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 4 (25); 103-119
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
20 years of NAFTA – trends in trade and the economic effects
Autorzy:
Kowalik, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
NAFTA
economic integration
trade effects
cross-country comparative studies
Opis:
This year marks the twentieth anniversary of the largest economic grouping in history, both in terms of surface area and the generated GDP – the North American Free Trade Agreement – NAFTA. The grouping was established on 1 January 1994, with the objective of gradually doing away with the existing tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Its objectives and effects have long been under careful examination and subject to many analyses. Prognoses varied, from potentially significant benefits to anticipated losses, particularly for US economy. The paper is an attempt at presenting the twenty years of NAFTA operation, predominantly from the viewpoint of its impact on the trilateral trade exchange, unemployment, inflation, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of its member states. The analyses suggest that NAFTA has proved its effectiveness in generating trade revenues for all its members, most notably for Mexico. However, its effects on individual income and employment were found to be marginal or, at best, moderate.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 4(4); 46-63
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The importance of services trade in global economy
Autorzy:
Myszkowska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
international trade in services
commercial services
offshoring of services
value added
global value chains
Opis:
The objective of this article is to present the most important tendencies in the international services trade. Geographical and material dynamics and structure of international service transfers were analysed on the basis of the available statistical data. The growing role of services trade in mature economies and growing importance of services export of the developing countries were presented. The author also presented the pivotal role of services in the ongoing transformation of international trade and investment model, characterized by the delocalization of service functions and the participation of services in the global value chains. The attention was also drawn to the need of measuring trade, including services trade, through the criteria of value added at every stage of production.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 4(4); 28-45
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The meaning of global rules of leading trade with particular focus on mfn for developing countries
Autorzy:
Domiter, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
trade politics
rules of trade politics
developing countries
MFN
Opis:
This article is an attempt to indicate the role of trade politics in enabling particular countries to raise to the sphere of higher value added within the world trade. East Asia has succeeded using this type of politics, whereas Latin America has not. In each developing country, some advantages coming from the liberalization of import, which has been a part of strategy focused on confining poverty and accelerating the accrual, can be noticed. However, the construction of reforms, their sequence and the pace of implementing have decided about the effectiveness of the liberalization strategy. Notwithstanding this, the true economic success has been achieved only by developing countries which use the export growth politics. In the article, three theses are described: 1) foreign trade is a more powerful factor that furthers the development of the poorest countries than foreign aid and the role of the foreign trade increases with the general development of a country1, 2) foreign trade is determined by global rules of its operating, therefore, developing countries have to join in the system of international coordination of trade politics, 3) although MFN is used in a commercial treaty aspiring to regulate even worldwide business relations, the liberalization of the world trade, based on MFN, affects developing countries in a negative way, because with a downturn of general level of imposition, both the distinction and benefit from GSP system for the countries are decreasing.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 4(4); 9-27
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Udział Polski w handlu międzynarodowym mlekiem i jego przetworami w latach 2003-2014
Polish participation in the international tradeof milk and dairy products in the years 2003-2014
Autorzy:
Kowalska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
milk
dairy products
import
export
foreign trade
Opis:
This paper presents the changes that have occurred in the export and import of milk and milk products after 2004. The analysis made for the period 2003-2014 based on data from Central Statistical Office and the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Food Economy. To illustrate the changes in exports and imports of dairy products the dynamics of change in the analyzed period was calculated, as well as the quantitative and valuable structure of Polish imports and exports of these products in 2003 and 2013. There was also used a clustering analysis of features and objects in the paper. The international trade of Polish dairy articles has gained importance due to the accession of Poland to the European Union. Poland is primarily an exporter of unprocessed or processed to a small extent productes, i.e. liquid milk and cream, whey and milk powder. From dairy products mainly cheese and curd are exported. However, Poland is not a known exporter of ice cream or yogurt and fermented beverages. Since 2004, the main importer of Polish dairy products are the EU countries. In 2013, more than 70.1% of all exported dairy products were exported to those countries, while in 2003 only 37%. The reason for such a large increase in exports to the EU countries was largely the abolition of customs duties, the competitive prices of Polish products and their high quality. The exchange rate had also an effect on trade in milk products, as well as other products. Poland also exports, although much less than before the accession to the European Union, to the developed countries and the Commonwealth of Independent States and Central-Eastern Europe. The balance of total dairy articles as well as in the division into processed and unprocessed products was positive in the analyzed period.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 3(3); 35-48
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BADANIA ŹRÓDEŁ FINANSOWANIA DZIAŁALNOŚCI PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW – EFEKT SELEKCJI PUBLIKACJI. ANALIZA METAREGRESYJNA
Studies on financing sources of enterprises activities - publication selection bias. A meta-regression analysis
Autorzy:
Nehrebecka, Natalia
Dzik-Walczak, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
financing sources
meta-regression analysis
publication selection bias
bank loan
trade credit
lease
Opis:
This article discusses the verification of the effect of publication in the studies regarding the sources of financing business operations. There is a probability that the results presented in literature may be encumbered by the problem of statistical significance selection. The works which show a weaker correlation or the lack of significance are less attractive and are seldom published – they are viewed as not providing enough contribution to science and not explaining the studied phenomena. In the publications regarding bank loans, the publication selection bias was found in the case of the structure of the assets and size of the company. In the case of the trade credit, the publication selection bias was pointed out in the case of indebtedness, profitability, size of the company, development potential and stock. In the studies of lease, the publication selection bias was confirmed in the case of indebtedness, profitability and size of the company.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2015, 2(23); 41-70
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Procesy globalizacji we współczesnej gospodarce światowej
Globalization processes in the contemporary world economy
Autorzy:
Sporek, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
globalization
regional integration
World Trade Organization (WTO)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Opis:
The globalization can mean both potential profits and new chances, but on the other hand, it can cause serious threats and huge challenges. A direction of its developments and prevention from its negative results depend on possibilities to influence this process by particular countries and groupings, including societies. It is obvious that the present shape of the globalization bears injustice, increases inequalities and threats, so it must be corrected to common favour. A question rises if facing the decrease of national countries influence on the global market mechanism and lack of other power controlling the global market (what some recognize the real threat to democracy), steering the globalization is possible. An answer seems to be positive, however, strengthening of multilateral cooperation between countries and their common efforts to influence factors shaping this process is necessary. First of all, a coordination of the global politics is needed, by creation institutions, which would deal with the regulations of particular matters and setting norms, as well as controlling their obedience on the whole world scale, which would lead to the increase of the rules clearance. Additionally the taken standards must come from regulations and international agreements. It is important, first of all, in the financial markets work. For sure, it is not possible to eliminate some negative aspects of globalization, but they can be weakend, thanks to common efforts.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 1 (5); 47-67
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola Japonii w regionie Azji i Pacyfiku – handel zagraniczny oraz bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne
The role of Japan in the Asia and Pacific region – international trade and foreign direct investment
Autorzy:
Jankowiak, Anna H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
regionalism in the Asian and pacific region
Japan
international trade
foreign direct investment
Opis:
Japan as one of highly developed countries of the world, for many years, plays a significant role in the Asia-Pacific region. Countries of the region are the target market for Japanese products and Japanese capital. Through the foreign trade and foreign direct investment, Japan affects the shape of the relationship in the region and the process of Asian regionalism. Constantly around 50% of Japanese exports go to Asian countries and a similar percentage of Japanese imports come from the examined region. Japan is also a major exporter of capital in the form of foreign investment to countries in the region, which makes up a considerable part of it. Trade and foreign investment are the only part of the indicators of the role of Japan in the Asia-Pacific regionalism, but these are factors clearly indicating the strong commitment of Japan in the region. The aim of the article is to present the role played by Japan in the Asian regionalism, by showing the Japanese foreign trade and inflows and outflows of foreign direct investment.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2016, 1 (9); 53-64
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of the rise of global supply chains on the foreign trade policy
Autorzy:
Puślecki, Zdzisław W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569980.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
foreign trade policy
global supply chains
anti-protectionist forces
cooperating on trade policies
multilateral trade negotiations
bilateral trade policy
Opis:
The main aim of the article is the indication of the impact of the rise of global supply chains on the foreign trade policy. The subject of the discussion and theoretical contribution in the undertaken research program are new tendencies in international business − the rise of global supply chains, the impact of the rise of global supply chains on the political economy of trade and countries motivations for cooperating on trade policies and the rise of global supply chains and increasing importance of bilateral agreements in the foreign trade policy. It is important to underline that a few multinational firms are responsible for a major share of world trade and for the rise of global supply chains. On the one hand, these firms should support regulatory harmonization across different Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) in order to lower trade costs. On the other hand, they might also resist harmonization – and encourage certain non-tariff measures – in order to prevent new competitors from entering markets. This may partly explain the persistence of regulatory divergence, and suggests that the political economy of regulatory convergence, especially in the conditions of the rise of global supply chains, may be more complex than is sometimes suggested
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2016, 3 (11); 208-227
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The liberalisation of China foreign trade policy in the framework of the WTO
Liberalizacja zagranicznej polityki handlowej wschodzących Chin w gospodarce światowej
Autorzy:
Puślecki, Zdzisław W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
emerging China
foreign trade policy
liberalisation effect
natural environment protection
bilateral agreements
world economy
Opis:
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the liberalisation of foreign trade policy of emerging China in the world economy. What indicates the importance and innovativeness of the research is the presentation of the technical progress in P.R.China and the benefits resulting from the liberalised Chinese foreign trade policy. In accordance with the foreign trade policy theory further trade liberalisation and improved framework policies would increase trade and promote growth. It must be emphasized that openess to trade is associated with higher incomes and growth and there is a need for new approaches to trade cooperation in the light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business. The key of trade developments within the broader socio-economic context is especially the rise of global supply chains, the general shift of trade power away from the West towards Asia. The main aim of the article is the presentation the liberalisation of foreign trade policy of emerging China in the world economy.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2016, 1 (9); 9-39
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EU-ASEAN free trade agreement(s) – prospects and challenges for inter-regional FTA
Autorzy:
Mazur, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/581243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
EU
ASEAN
FTA
free trade agreement
EUSFTA
Opis:
In 2007 the EU and ASEAN launched negotiations on a free trade agreement between the regions. However, 2 years later, the inter-regional negotiations were paused due to the slow progress . As an alternative the EC started individual negotiations with those countries that wished to sign a bilateral FTA. Firstly, it initiated talks with Singapore in 2010 which was then followed by Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia. By the half of 2017 the EU concluded the FTAs with Singapore and Vietnam which are yet to be ratified. Four other countries negotiate the agreements with many challenges and issues to be addressed in bilateral talks. Although official declarations say about replacing those individual agreements by one EU-ASEAN FTA in future, it will be difficult to achieve due to differences in economic interest among ASEAN members, differential progress within the ongoing negotiations and even the reluctance of some countries to join the FTA with the EU.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 486; 141-154
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EU-South Korea FTA as one of the new generation agreements – an overview of the effects of the agreement
Autorzy:
Majchrowska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/582841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
EU
FTA
international trade
South Korea
trade regionalism
Opis:
The changes in the structure of the world economy related to the proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) are reflected in activities undertaken by the EU, which, due to the crisis of multilateral negotiations, seeks alternative forms of gaining access to other markets. Thus, it concludes new-generation trade agreements with its partners as they entail broader and more comprehensive liberalization of trade than that within the WTO. Among them, the agreement which deserves a closer scrutiny is the very first agreement of this kind, signed with an Asian country in 2011, which marked the beginning of a new era in EU-Korean trade relations. An analysis of the volume and dynamics of trade between the two partners indicates good results, particularly for the EU, which has changed its role from a net importer to a net exporter and strengthened its position as one of the key trade partners of South Korea.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 486; 179-193
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
South Korea in the global economy in post-crisis period – an attempt of evaluation
Autorzy:
Pawlas, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
South Korea
foreign trade
foreign direct investment
competitive position
economic policy
Opis:
The paper aims at diagnosing and evaluating the position of South Korea in contemporary, globalized economy. The basic problem of this publication is the assessment of South Korean economy internationalization in post-crisis period. The line of reasoning consists of four essential elements. At first socioeconomic situation in South Korea is presented and selected pro-development elements of its economic policy are discussed. The next part focuses on the analysis of South Korea’s engagement in international trade. Then South Korea’s participation in international transfer of capital in the form of form of foreign direct investment is described. Finally, international competitive position South Korea against the background of selected economies is shown. The research tools used in the paper include literature studies, descriptive and comparative analysis. The research proved a significant position of South Korea in international trade and world transfer of capital in the form of FDI.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 486; 228-244
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of global surrounding on the common agricultural policy
Autorzy:
Wieliczko, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/581175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
common agricultural policy
global agri-food trade
policy instruments
Opis:
The global factors have been influencing the shape of the common agricultural policy (CAP) at least since the WTO agreement. Yet, not only trade agreements influence the CAP. The situation of agricultural sector in non-EU countries also affects the way and extent the EU supports its farmers. Moreover, the EU interests in other sectors of economy or its global strategy and policy interests can translate into specific alterations in the CAP. The aim of the paper is to identify the meeting points between CAP and global issues, present the status quo and analyze potential alterations within the CAP that could be made to strengthen the EU position on the world arena. The paper is based on the analyses of the WTO negotiations concerning agriculture, CAP policy instruments and the EU priorities in external relations. The results show that the process of CAP’s internationalization progresses in a non-linear way but is an important factor determining the shape of subsequent CAP reforms.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 498; 374-381
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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