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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 37
Tytuł:
Social privileges in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social privilege
social security
health care
social care
the Second Polish Republic
Opis:
The Second Polish Republic developed an advanced and, in many ways, modern system of social care; however, the services which the citizens were entitled to seemed to be privileges available only to a small part of the population. The origins of this situation are to be found in the specific social and occupational structure of the population, low industrialization rate and the modest financial capabilities of the state and local governments. These resulted in a limited number of people with access to social insurances, a limited scope of public health care, a selective nature of access to unemployment insurance or radical differences in access to social care. And it is this unavailability of the social offer which determines the consideration of those benefits in Poland as privileges rather than commonly available rights of the Polish citizens.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 19-36
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Women in Polish banking during the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Leszczyńska, Cecylia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the Second Polish Republic
Polish banking
women activity
women in Polish banking
Opis:
This paper aims to analyse the employment of women in banking during the Second Polish Republic (i.e. interwar Poland). The banking sector was small in terms of employment. The number of people associated with this sector was 18.1 thousand in 1921 and 31.2 thousand in 1931, which accounted for 0.5-0.6% of all professionally active workers outside the agricultural sector. The banking community was dominated by men, the number of women working in banks was about 6.1 thousand in 1921 and 8.5 thousand in 1931 (30% of all human resources). This paper presents the nature of jobs performed by women, their positions and earnings. The presentation takes a number of forms: according to bank types, groups of voivodeships, size of the town and according to headquarters and branches. In all cases, the activities and earnings of women and men were compared.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2019, 37; 93-115
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retirement privileges of civil servants in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Jarosz-Nojszewska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
pensions
civil service
pension cover
social insurance
Opis:
During the times of the Second Polish Republic the civil servants, teachers, the military, postal and railway workers were not covered by the universal social insurance, because before the social insurance act came into force, they were covered by pension systems guaranteeing more advantageous benefits. Persons working in state administration had a privileged position compared to the employees in general, both in terms of the scope and level of the benefits and their entire coverage by the State. The level of the pensions depended on the years of service and after 10 years of service amounted to 40% and was increasing every year by 2.4% or 3% up to 100%. The civil servants acquired the right to the pension already after 10 years and as of 1934 after 15 years of civil or military service. In special cases they were entitled to pension after 5 years already.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 55-68
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwój samorządu zawodowego w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej
Development of professional self-government during the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Kliczek-Paśnicka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/499541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
samorząd zawodowy
II Rzeczpospolita
decentralizacja
professional self-government
the Second Polish Republic
decentralization
Opis:
Samorząd zawodowy jest jedną z form decentralizacji administracji publicznej. Ma on na celu ochronę określonych zawodów, które ze względu na interes społeczny wymagają najwyższych kwalifikacji merytorycznych oraz moralnych. Choć instytucje samorządu zawodowego swoje prawne funkcjonowanie na ziemiach polskich rozpoczęły podczas zaborów, ich znaczący rozwój nastąpił w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej. Powstał wówczas samorząd adwokacki, notarialny, lekarski, lekarsko-dentystyczny oraz aptekarski. W latach 1918–1939 instytucje samorządu zawodowego stanowiły istotny element struktury administracyjnej państwa. Korporacje zawodowe uznawane były za związki publicznoprawne, działające poprzez własne organy i posiadające jasno określone kompetencje. Rozwój samorządu zawodowego przerwał wybuch II wojny światowej, zaś jego rzeczywista odbudowa nastąpiła dopiero w okresie transformacji ustrojowej w 1989 r. Niewątpliwie regulacje prawne obowiązujące w II Rzeczypospolitej stanowiły podstawę prawną restytucji korporacji zawodowych.
Professional self-government is one of the forms of decentralization of public administration. It aims at protecting certain professions which require the highest level of substantive and moral qualifications because of public interest. Although professional self-government institutions started their legal functioning in the area of Poland during the partitions, their significant development took place during the Second Polish Republic. At that time legal, notarial, medical, dental and pharmaceutical self-governments were established. In the years 1918-1939, professional self-government bodies were an important element of the state administrative structure. Professional associations were considered public associations, operating through their own bodies and having clearly defined capacities. The development of professional self-government was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II and its actual reconstruction took place only during the political transformation in the year 1989. Undoubtedly, the legal regulations in force in the Second Polish Republic constituted the legal basis for the restoration of professional associations.
Źródło:
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM; 2020, 10; s. 111-124
2299-2774
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czynnik obywatelski w sądownictwie II Rzeczypospolitej
The citizen factor in the judiciary in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Jastrzębski, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1596701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
czynnik obywatelski w sądownictwie
sądownictwo w II Rzeczypospolitej
sędziowie pokoju
sędziowie przysięgli
ławnicy
citizen factor in judiciary
judiciary of Second Polish Republic
justices
of peace
jurors
lay judges
Opis:
Artykuł dotyczy uczestnictwa czynnika społecznego (obywatelskiego) w wymiarze sprawiedliwości (sądownictwie) II Rzeczypospolitej. Publikacja składa się z czterech części. W pierwszej z nich autor omówił udział obywateli w sądownictwie z perspektywy historycznej. Następna część dotyczy treści ustaw zasadniczych II Rzeczypospolitej, czyli Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 17 marca 1921 r. oraz Ustawy Konstytucyjnej z dnia 23 kwietnia 1935 r., ze względu na ich postanowienia związane z udziałem obywateli w wymiarze sprawiedliwości. W kolejnej części została omówiona realizacja postanowień Konstytucji z 1921 r., czyli okres przed unifikacją ustroju sądownictwa oraz po wejściu w życie rozporządzenia Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej z dnia 6 lutego 1928 r. Prawo o ustroju sądów powszechnych. W szczególności omówiono regulacje dotyczące sędziów: pokoju, handlowych, przysięgłych, honorowych. Ponadto zwrócono uwagę na ówczesną praktykę wymiaru sprawiedliwości, zwłaszcza w związku ze zniesieniem w 1938 r. sądów przysięgłych na obszarze dawnego zaboru austriackiego – Galicji, oraz udział czynnika społecznego w sądach szczególnych i instytucjach quasi-sądowych. W ostatniej części artykułu autor dokonał podsumowania swoich rozważań. W szczególności zwrócił on uwagę na stosunek władzy państwowej do czynnika obywatelskiego w sądownictwie polskim, w porównaniu z okresem po drugiej wojnie światowej oraz ze współczesnymi rozwiązaniami ustrojowymi.
The article concerns the participation of the social (citizen) factor in the justice system (the judiciary) of the Second Polish Republic. The publication consists of four parts. The first part delineates the participation of the citizens in the judiciary from a historical perspective. The next part pertains to the contents of the basic laws of the Second Polish Republic, namely the Constitution of the Republic of Poland adopted on the 17th of March 1921 and the April Constitution of Poland of the 23rd of April 1935, due to their decisions concerning the citizens’ participation in the justice system. The following part describes the implementation of the provisions of the March Constitution of 1921, i.e. the period prior to the unification of the judiciary system as well as the one after the regulation (“The law on system of common courts”) of the President of the Republic of Poland of 6 February 1928 came into force. The regulations which are discussed pertain to judges in particular: justices of the peace, commercial magistrates, jurors, honorary judges. Moreover, special attention was paid to the contemporary practice of the justice system, especially in connection with the abolition of jury trials on the territories of the former Austrian Partition (Galicia) in 1938 and the participation of the social factor in special courts as well as in quasi-court institutions. The last part of the paper contains a summing-up of the author’s deliberations on the subject. Special attention was paid to the relationship between the state authorities and the citizen factor in the Polish judiciary in comparison with the period after the Second World War as well as with the modern solutions.
Źródło:
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne; 2021, 73, 1; 283-324
0070-2471
Pojawia się w:
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
At the Origins of Welfare State? Social Expenses in the Budgetary Policy in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social policy
state budget
welfare state
social expenses
Ministry of Social Care
Opis:
In the period of the Second Polish Republic, social policy became an important field of activity for public authorities. It was distinguished by a high level of awareness of the prevalent social problems, progressive legislation, and advanced management. The only missing element was sufficient financing. In the budgetary policy of the Second Polish Republic, social expenses were of minor importance. For the most part of the period, they amounted to approximately 3% of all expenses. The Ministry of Social Care was underfunded, which was evident in nearly every aspect of its activity. Hence, if one wonders if the origins of the Polish welfare state can be traced back to the Second Polish Republic, the answer must be “no”. Although extra funds (spent on tackling unemployment, pensions, or disability benefits) were found outside of the ministerial budget, the arguments presented in this article only confirm the hypothesis presented above.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2017, 35; 7-26
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Educational Practice and Thought of the Second Polish Republic on the 90th Anniversary of Regaining Independence
Autorzy:
Jamrożek, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
educational system in Poland
Second Republic of Poland
history
Opis:
The situation of the Republic of Poland, which was revived in 1918, in the educational field was dramatically difficult. As a consequence of partitions, the Second Republic of Poland inherited a relatively high rate of analphabetism (over 6.5 million analphabets, which constituted approximately 33% of the entire population of the country older than 10 years). As a result of individual differences in the economic, political, social and legals systems of the states occupying Poland, the educational system on the Polish territories at the threshold of independence was largely different with regard to the number of  schools, the organization, program and didactic assumptions. The reborn Polish state was confronted with an important task of unifying the system and the level of education. It must be emphasised that this task was actually accomplished. In this the Sejm on March 11, 1932 (the act conclusively dissolved the remains of the educational legislation of the states which partitioned Poland). In the interwar Poland, not only the school system but also the so-called extraschool education developed. The period of the Second Republic of Poland was also the  time of explosion of pedagogic thought. The most important theoretical trends in the educational sciences emerged at that time, primarily: “psychological pedagogy and the related great movement of New Education (progressive education)”, “sociological pedagogics (social pedagogy)”, “cultural pedagogy (humanistic, personalistic pedagogy)”. A special object of reflection on the education in the Second Republic of Poland and of controversy in the pedagogics of the twenty years between the First and the Second World War in Poland was the question of educational aims. In the period until 1926 the dominant trend influencing the educational practice to the largest extent was the so-called patriotic education, whereas in the subsequent years citizenship education prevailed.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2018, 38; 301-307
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Założenia organizacyjne żłobków dziennych w okresie międzywojennym według wytycznych Polskiego Komitetu Opieki nad Dzieckiem
The organizational guidelines for day nurseries in the Interwar period as set by the Polish Childcare Committee
Autorzy:
Wróblewska, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Nurseries
Polish Childcare Committee
Second Polish Republic
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present the main organizational assumptions of nurseries, which were just organized in the Interwar period and were to represent the first level of social care and educational work for mothers and children. The proposed issue is of contributory nature and is the first attempt to discuss the activities and operations of nurseries in the Interwar period, when their utility and significance were discussed. It is a description of the origins of the facility, which in the post-war period was a common element of childcare. As a result of the developing industry and the growing demand for workers, young mothers also took up paid jobs in order to improve their material status. Therefore, nurseries located near factories did not actually mushroom and the time of development of this institution was arrested in the post-war period.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2021, 44; 45-57
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Interwar [Non]Democracy from the View-Point of Julije Benešić
Poljska međuratna (ne)demokracija Benešićevim očima
Autorzy:
Pieniążek-Marković, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
Julije Benešić
autocracy
intimist literature
Opis:
In the article, the image of Polish democracy/autocracy during the Second Republic has been reconstructed. The subject of the analysis were the autobiographical notes entitled Osam godina u Varšavi written by Julije Benešić who stayed in Warsaw in the years 1930–1938 as a delegate of the Yugoslavian Department of Eductaion and Science. From his currently updated notes, a picture of Poland emerged as a state in which the basic civil rights were regularly broken including those guaranteed by the Constitution. The most glaring examples of the non-democratic actions regarded the problems of the national minorities (specifically the Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Jewish relationships) as well as the prisons for the political opponents (Bereza Kartuska and Brześć). What is more, the observations made by the Croatian translator, writer and linguist illuminate in the form of interesting conotations the Polish mentality.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2019, 17; 191-207
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social insurance in the Second Republic of Poland. Social advantage or the policy of caution
Autorzy:
Chylak, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
Social insurance
Social policy
Social advantages
Opis:
Social insurance was conceived from a great thought of the social caution, from the thought of protection of an uncertain future. That thought of caution, during the time of development of social insurance, was implemented by the public entities on the one hand and by the civil activity on the other one. However, the process of creation of the social insurance system in Poland did not represent the policy of caution executed by the state. The only sign of caution could be seen with reference to the insurance associations as there the participants decided whether to enter the system or not whereas the state executed the policy of giving privileges to the certain social groups.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 37-54
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The problem of “legal bigamy” in the light of the rulings of the District Court in Poznan
Autorzy:
Paciorkowski, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684813.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
marriage law
legal bigamy
divorce
The Second Polish Republic
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is to present the problem of so-called “legal bigamy” in the light of the rulings of the District Court in Poznan. The marriage law regulations in The Second Polish Republic were completely different in various parts of the country and attempts to unify them failed. This situation caused significant problems: for example, many civil courts refused to recognize some of the divorce judgments issued by church courts in the former Russian partition because of their improper jurisdiction. The paper focuses on two matrimonial cases that were ruled upon by the District Court in Poznan. In both cases the District Court in Poznan was to decide whether divorce judgments issued by the church court of the Polish Orthodox Church in Warsaw were also binding in the former Prussian district.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2013, 2; 15-28
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zabójstwo dziecka jako zagadnienie kodyfikacyjne w II Rzeczypospolitej
Child murder as a codification issue in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Dworas-Kulik, Judyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31348396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Codification Commission
unification of criminal law
infanticide
homicide
crimes against life
Komisja Kodyfikacyjna
kodyfikacja prawa karnego
dzieciobójstwo
zabójstwo
przestępstwa przeciw życiu
Opis:
W artykule został omówiony przebieg prac kodyfikacyjnych Sekcji Prawa Karnego Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej z okresu międzywojennego dotyczący kwalifikacji prawnej czynu zabronionego jako dzieciobójstwo lub zabójstwo dziecka. Analizą zostały objęte zapisy redakcyjne projektów kodeksu karnego z 1932 r. przyjętych przez Sekcję Prawa Karnego oraz towarzysząca pracom kodyfikacyjnym dyskusja na przedmiotowy temat. Zasadność nowelizacji i ujednolicenia regulacji karnych w analizowanym zakresie przedstawiono na przykładzie archiwalnych akt Sądu Okręgowego w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim. W dotychczasowej literaturze przedmiotu zagadnienie kodyfikacji zabójstwa dziecka i dzieciobójstwa w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej nie zostało omówione.
This article discusses the course of the codification works of the Criminal Law Section of the Codification Commission during the interwar period concerning the legal qualification of a criminal act as infanticide or child murder. The editorial records of the drafts of the 1932 Criminal Code adopted by the Criminal Law Section as well as the discussion on the subject which accompanied the codification works are subjected to analysis. The legitimacy of amending and unifying criminal regulations in the analyzed area is presented on the example of the archival records of the Piotrków Trybunalski Regional Court. The issue of the codification of child murder and infanticide during the Second Polish Republic period has not been hitherto discussed in the literature on the subject.
Źródło:
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne; 2023, 75, 2; 7-25
0070-2471
Pojawia się w:
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Debate Over the Economic Role of the State in Poland in the Works of the Representatives of the Kraków School, the Leviathan Organization and the First Economic Brigade in the Years 1919–1939
Autorzy:
Jarosz-Nojszewska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390807.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
statism
interventionism
Polish economic thought
the Second Polish Republic
Opis:
As Poland regained independence in 1918, it immediately had to deal with the question of how to shape its political and economic system. One important but at the same time controversial issue was the level of the state’s involvement in the economic life of the country and the measures used. In numerous debates among economists, the dominant topics included problems in the industry - in particular issues such as statism, monopolization, policy towards cartels and, in the later period, economic planning. The article presents the course of the discussion on the role of the state in the economy that took place in Poland in the years 1918-1939, as well as a review of arguments put forward by the proponents and opponents of state’s economic interventionism. For the purpose of this article, three groups that were most active in the debate were selected: the Kraków School, the Leviathan organization and the First Economic Brigade.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2017, 35; 27-46
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czasopismo „Głos Szkoły i Rodziny” (1925-1926) źródłem do rozważań nad współpracą domu ze szkołą w okresie II RP
Głos Szkoły i Rodziny Journal (1925-1926) as a Source of Contemplation of Family and School Cooperation in the Second Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Gołdyn, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/923137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
education
school
family home
the Second Polish Republic
newspaper
Płock
Opis:
To recall the history of education, for example in the period of the Second Polish Republic, it is necessary to resort to many sources. One of them, extremely important, are newspapers, which help to reconstruct discussion about some essential issues in a given period. Głos Szkoły i Rodziny periodical was issued in Płock in the years 1925-1926. The periodical was meant as a space for discussions and exchange of experiences about the family and school cooperation. While this aim may not have been reached, the newspaper is an interesting record of the history of education between 1918 and 1939, especially on the topic of the influence of the family home on school and vice versa.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2018, 50; 159-168
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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