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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Bank Lending Channel Effectiveness – Potential Lessons For Monetary Policy
    Autorzy:
    Świtała, Filip
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Malajkat, Karolina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19322658.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-09-11
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    loan supply
    monetary policy
    bank lending channel
    impulse response
    Opis:
    The article supplements the research on the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission – especially through the bank lending channel. The current study focuses on assessing the transmission of monetary impulses through commercial and cooperative banks as well as through individual loan portfolios, while distinguishing between the fact that they were granted by commercial and cooperative banks. How a change in the central bank’s interest rates may determine a change in the volume of loans in the economy remains the core question of the research.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2023, 1(19); 160-177
    2353-6845
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Competition in commercial banks in Poland – analysis of Panzar-Rosse H-statistics
    Autorzy:
    Świtała, Filip
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203980.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    competition intensity
    marginal costs
    contestabily
    banking industry
    Opis:
    This paper aims to find out how intense is the competition in Polish commercial banks loan market. Using Panzar – Rosse H-statistics and applying several estimation techniques (GLS, one-step GMM and two-step GMM) we find that this intensity is sensitive to the estimator applied. Upon analysis of results, one can conclude that competition evolves differently across years in Poland. In some years, competition was relatively high, as the H-statistics reached the level of 0.75, which is relatively close to perfect competition. In other years it gradually decreased reaching its bottom line in 2010, and took upward trend in 2011 and 2012. Generally, the values of our competitive environment measure indicate at monopolistic competition in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2013, WPS 4/2013; 1-28
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Do macroprudential policy instruments affect the link between lending and capital ratio? – cross-country evidence
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Roszkowska, Sylwia
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482969.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    loan supply
    capital ratio
    procyclicality
    macroprudential policy
    Opis:
    In this paper we ask about the capacity of macroprudential policies to reduce the positive association between loans growth and the capital ratio. We focus on aggregated macroprudential policy measures and on individual instruments and test whether their effect on the association between lending and capital depends on bank size, the economic development of a country as well as on the extent of capital account openness. Applying the GMM 2-step Blundell and Bond approach to a sample covering over 60 countries, we find that macroprudential policy instruments reduce the impact of capital on bank lending during both crisis and non-crisis times. This result is stronger in large banks than in other banks. Of individual macroprudential instruments, only borrower-targeted LTV caps and DTI ratio weaken the association between lending and capital. Our results also show that the effect of macroprudential policies on the association between lending and the capital ratio in non-crisis periods is stronger in advanced countries than in emerging countries. Additionally, differentiating by the level of capital account openness, we find that macroprudential policies are more effective in increasing the resilience of banks and thus weakening the association between loan supply and capital ratio for relatively closed economies but less effective for relatively open economies. Generally, with our study we are able to support the view that macroprudential policy has the potential to curb the procyclical impact of bank capital on lending and therefore, the introduction of more restrictive international capital standards included in Basel III and of macroprudential policies are fully justified.
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2016, WPS 2/2016; 1-50
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Macroprudential policy instruments and procyclicality of loan-loss provisions – cross-country evidence
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Roszkowska, Sylwia
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482937.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    macroprudential policy
    loan-loss provisions
    business cycle
    procyclicality
    Opis:
    We analyze the effectiveness of various macroprudential policy instruments in reducing the procyclicality of loan-loss provisions (LLPs) using individual bank information from over 65 countries and applying the two-step GMM Blundell-Bond (1998) approach with robust standard errors. Our research identifies several new facts. Firstly, borrower restrictions are definitely more effective in reducing the procyclicality of loan-loss provisions than other macroprudential policy instruments. This effect is supported in both unconsolidated and consolidated data and is robust to several robustness checks. Secondly, dynamic provisions, large exposure concentration limits and taxes on specific assets are effective in reducing the procyclicality of loan-loss provisions. And finally, we find that both loan-to-value caps and debt-to-income ratios, are especially effective in reducing the procyclicality of LLP of large banks. Off-balance-sheet restrictions, concentration limits and taxes are also effective in reducing the procyclicality of LLP of large banks. Dynamic provisions reduce the procyclicality of LLP independently of bank size.
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2016, WPS 4/2016; 1-52
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Competition between commercial banks in Poland – an analysis of Panzar-Rosse H-statistics
    Konkurencja w sektorze bankowym w Polsce – analiza statystyki H Panzara-Rosse’a
    Autorzy:
    Świtała, Filip
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/525930.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-11-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    competition intensity
    marginal costs
    contestability
    banking industry
    nasilenie konkurencji
    koszty krańcowe
    konkurencyjność
    sektor bankowy
    Opis:
    This paper aims to find out how intense the competition between Polish commercial banks is in the loan market. Using Panzar–Rosse H-statistics and employing several estimation techniques (GLS, one-step GMM and two-step GMM), we find that this intensity is sensitive to the estimator applied. Upon the analysis of results, it can be concluded that competition evolved differently over the years in Poland. In some years, competition was rather high as the H-statistic reached the level of 0.75, which is relatively close to perfect competition. In other years, it gradually decreased reaching its lowest value in 2010, and showed an upward trend in 2011 and 2012. Generally, the values of our competitive environment measure indicate monopolistic competition in Poland.
    Celem artykułu jest określenie stopnia nasilenia konkurencji na rynku kredytowym banków komercyjnych w Polsce. Na podstawie wartości statystyki H Panzara-Rosse’a oszacowanej przy zastosowaniu kilku technik estymacji (GLS, one-step GMM and two-step GMM) identyfikujemy, że uzyskane wnioski co do stopnia nasilenia konkurencji są wrażliwe na metodę estymacji. Na podstawie analizy w poszczególnych latach w okresie 2008–2012 zauważyć można zróżnicowanie nasilenia konkurencji. W niektórych latach konkurencja jest relatywnie wysoka, gdyż wartość statystyki H wynosi 0,75 – co wskazuje na konkurencję bliską doskonałej. W innych latach poziom statystyki H jest niższy, co prowadzi do wniosku, że konkurencja ta ma cechy modelu konkurencji monopolistycznej.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Zarządzania; 2014, 4/2014 (48) t.1; 64 - 92
    1644-9584
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Zarządzania
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Do Microprudential Regulations and Supervision Affect the Link Between Lending and Capital Ratio in Economic Downturns of Large Banks in the EU?
    Czy regulacje i nadzór mikroostrożnościowy wpływają na związek między aktywnością kredytową a wskaźnikiem kapitałowym w dużych bankach w UE?
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Roszkowska, Sylwia
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526280.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-05-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    loan supply
    bank capital
    bank regulations
    podaż kredytu
    kapitał banku
    regulacje bankowe
    Opis:
    This paper extends the literature on the capital crunch effect by examining the role of public policy for the link between lending and capital in a sample of large banks operating in the European Union during economic downturns. Applying Blundell and Bond (1998) two-step robust GMM estimator, we show that restrictions on bank activities and more stringent capital standards weaken the capital crunch effect, consistent with reduced risk-taking and boosted bank charter values. Official supervision also reduces the impact of capital ratio on lending in downturns; however, its effect is only marginally significant in the sample of unconsolidated banks. Private oversight seems to be related to thin capital buffers in expansions, and therefore the capital crunch effect is enhanced in countries with increased market discipline. We thus provide evidence that neither regulations nor supervision at the microprudential level is neutral from a financial stability perspective. Weak regulations and supervision seem to increase the pro-cyclical effect of capital on bank lending.
    Artykuł poszerza dotychczasowe badania nad związkiem między ograniczającym wpływem wskaźnika kapitałowego na podaż kredytu bankowego w okresie dekoniunktury poprzez analizy znaczenia polityki regulacyjnej państwa dla związku między aktywnością kredytową a wskaźnikiem kapitałowym dużych banków prowadzących działalność w Unii Europejskiej. W badaniu zastosowano estymator odporny dwuetapowy Blundella i Bonda (1998) i zidentyfikowano, że ograniczenie skali czynności wykonywa nych przez banki oraz bardziej restrykcyjne standardy kapitałowe osłabiają negatywny wpływ wskaźnika kapitałowego na podaż kredytu bankowego w okresie dekoniunktury, co jest spójne z koncepcją, że w krajach o restrykcyjnych regulacjach banki podejmują niższe ryzyko oraz cechują się wyższymi buforami kapitałowymi. Oficjalny nadzór bankowy również ogranicza wpływ wskaźnika kapitałowego, ale jego siła oddziaływania jest jedynie marginalnie istotna statystycznie w populacji banków, które prezentują dane nieskonsolidowane. Prywatny nadzór rynkowy wydaje się nieskuteczny w ograniczaniu negatywnego wpływu wskaźnika kapitałowego na podaż kredytu bankowego w okresie dekoniunktury. Przeprowadzone badania pokazują, że przynajmniej w pewnym zakresie restrykcyjne regulacje mikroostrożnościowe oraz nadzór mikroostrożnościowy są skuteczne w dążeniu do zapewnienia stabilności finansowej i ograniczenia procykliczności.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Zarządzania; 2017, 1/2017 (66), t.2; 11 - 36
    1644-9584
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Zarządzania
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    What drives heterogeneity of procyclicality of loan loss provisions in the EU?
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Olszak
    Pipień, Mateusz
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Roszkowska, Sylwia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203986.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    loan loss provisions
    procyclicality
    income smoothing
    investor protection
    bank regulation
    bank supervision
    Opis:
    Using the two step system GMM Blundell and Bond estimator this paper documents a large cross-bank and cross-country variation in the relationship between loan loss provisions (LLP) and the business cycle and explores bank management specific, bank-activity specific and country specific (institutional and regulatory) features that explain this diversity in the European Union. Our results indicate that LLP in large, publicly traded and commercial banks, as well as in banks reporting consolidated statements, are more procyclical. Better investor protection and more restrictive bank capital regulations reduce the procyclicality of LLP. We do not find support for the view that better quality of market monitoring mitigates the sensitivity of LLP to business cycle. Our findings clearly indicate the empirical importance of income smoothing, capital management and credit risk management for decreased procyclicality of LLP.
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2014, WPS 3/2014; 1-34
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Do regulations and supervision shape the capital crunch effect of large banks in the EU?
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Pipień, Mateusz
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Roszkowska, Sylwia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482945.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    capital ratio
    lending, capital crunch
    regulations
    supervision
    procyclicality
    Opis:
    This paper extends the literature on the capital crunch effect by examining the role of public policy for the link between lending and capital in a sample of large banks operating in the European Union. Applying Blundell and Bond (1998) two-step robust GMM estimator we show that restrictions on bank activities and more stringent capital standards weaken the capital crunch effect, consistent with reduced risk taking and boosted bank charter values. Official supervision also reduces the impact of capital ratio on lending in downturns. Private oversight seems to be related to thin capital buffers in expansions, and therefore the capital crunch effect is enhanced in countries with increased market discipline. We thus provide evidence that neither regulations nor supervision at the microprudential level is neutral from a financial stability perspective. Weak regulations and supervision seem to increase the pro-cyclical effect of capital on bank lending.
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2015, WPS 3/2015; 1-27
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The impact of capital on lending in publicly-traded and privately- held banks in the EU
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Pipień, Mateusz
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Roszkowska, Sylwia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482947.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    loan supply
    capital ratio
    procyclicality
    accounting conservatism privately-held and publicly-traded banks
    Opis:
    This paper extends the literature on the link between lending and capital by examining the role of equity ownership structure for this link in banks operating in the European Union. As theory predicts, publiclytraded banks are more prone to heightened agency problems (moral hazard and adverse selection) due to dispersed ownership and therefore have stronger incentives to engage in excessive risk-taking especially in economic expansions. This may bring about procyclical lending effect in economic downturns. Theory also predicts that these banks are also more affected by capital market frictions in economic downturns. Applying Blundell and Bond (1998) two step robust GMM estimator we predict and find that the link between lending and capital in economic downturns is stronger in publicly-traded banks than in privately- held banks, which may be a result of greater conditional accounting conservatism of publicly-traded banks. Additionally, the link between lending and capital during expansions is stronger in the case of privately- held banks reporting unconsolidated data, but not for banks reporting consolidated financial reports, consistent with the view that limited access to capital markets increases the cost of external finance of private banks. Finally, we find empirical support for the view that lending of privately- held banks is not constrained by capital ratio in economic downturns. Our results stress the importance of conditional conservatism for the effectiveness macroprudential policy, in particular countercyclical capital buffers.
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2015, WPS 7/2015; 1-25
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The impact of capital on lending in economic downturns and investor protection – the case of large EU banks
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Pipień, Mateusz
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Roszkowska, Sylwia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482952.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    capital ratio
    lending
    shareholders protection
    creditor power
    procyclicality
    Opis:
    This paper attempts to find out whether better quality of investor protection matters for the effect of capital ratio on loan growth of large EU banks in 1996-2011. We focus on several measures of the quality of investor protection with a proven track record in the banking literature, i.e.: anti-self-dealing index, ex-antecontrol and ex-post-control of anti-self-dealing indices, and creditor protection rights index. Our results show that better investor protection increases the procyclical impact of capital on lending in the sample of banks reporting unconsolidated data. This is consistent with the view that better shareholders rights protection induces bank borrowers to take more loans and to engage in more risk-taking, in particular during economic booms, which results in greater sensitivity of bank lending to capital ratios in economic downturns. The opposite effect is found in the sample of banks reporting consolidated data. This effect is consistent with the view that better minority shareholders protection may reduce risk-taking incentives of large banks and result in better risk management of credit portfolio (and other investments of such banks).
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2015, WPS 6/2015; 1-33
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effects of capital on bank lending in large EU banks – the role of procyclicality, income smoothing, regulations and supervision.
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Pipień, Mateusz
    Roszkowska, Sylwia
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203974.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    loan supply
    capital crunch
    procyclicality of loan loss provisions
    income smoothing
    bank regulation
    bank supervision
    Opis:
    This paper aims to find out what the impact is of bank capital ratios on loan supply in the EU and what factors explain the potential diversity of this impact. Applying the Blundell and Bond (1998) two step GMM estimator, we show that, in the EU context, the role of capital ratio for loan growth is stronger than previous literature has found for other countries. Our study sheds some light on whether procyclicality of loan loss provisions and income smoothing with loan loss provisions contribute to procyclical impact of capital ratio on loan growth. We document that loan growth of banks that have more procyclical loan loss provisions and that engage less in income smoothing is more sensitive to capital ratios. This sensitivity is slightly increased in this sample of banks during contractions. Moreover, more restrictive regulations and more stringent official supervision reduce the magnitude of the effect of capital ratio on bank lending. Taken together, our results suggest that capital ratios are an important determinant of lending in large EU banks.
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2014, WPS 5/2014; 1-41
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bank-specific determinants of sensitivity of loan-loss provisions to business cycle
    Autorzy:
    Olszak, Małgorzata
    Chodnicka-Jaworska, Patrycja
    Kowalska, Iwona
    Świtała, Filip
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482965.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    loan-loss provisions
    procyclicality
    bank size
    capital ratio
    discretionary income-smoothing
    Opis:
    In this paper we explore several new factors which may affect the procyclicality of loan-loss provisions. In particular, we test whether there are visible differences in sensitivity of loan-loss provisions to the business cycle between commercial and cooperative banks as well as between large, medium and small banks. We also aim to find out whether the level of bank capital ratio and the application of discretionary income-smoothing affect procyclicality of loan-loss provisions. Our results show that loan-loss provisions of banks are procyclical. This procyclicality is particularly visible and stronger in the sample of commercial banks. We also find that loan-loss provisions of large banks are more negatively affected by the business cycle than those of medium or small banks. We show that banks with low capital ratios exhibit increased procyclicality of loan-loss provisions. And finally, we also find empirical evidence that banks with a greater degree of discretionary income-smoothing have loan-loss provisions more negatively affected by the business cycle, and thus more procyclical.
    Źródło:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2016, WPS 3/2016; 1-43
    2300-4371
    Pojawia się w:
    Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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