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Tytuł:
Classifier Constructions as Procedural Referring Expressions in American Sign Language
Autorzy:
Jones, Sptephen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
American Sign Language
classifier constructions
ad hoc concepts
Opis:
The present paper comments on signs of American Sign Language in the perspective of relevance theory. The main claim is that classifiers encode procedural instructions to help the addressee pick out the intended referent for the procedural referring expressions made with classifier constructions. The author explains how three classes of classifiers differently manipulate concepts to instruct the addressee to create ad hoc concepts though the use of inference, narrowing, and broadening. It is also claimed that classifier constructions do not encode a conceptual meaning, but a procedural instruction. The discussion includes illustrations of how the speaker’s using classifier constructions instead of lexical signs may increase the number of cognitive effects on the part of the addressee.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2015, 13, 4; 368-391
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwagi o budownictwie obronnym arcybiskupów gnieźnieńskich
Remarks on the defending constructions of the Gniezno archbishops
Autorzy:
Kajzer, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941769.pdf
Data publikacji:
1983
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The subject of the present paper are the remarks on the defending constructions of the Gniezno archbishops. Great properties consisting - at the break of the middle ages and modern times - of more than 300 villages and towns, as well as a significant role of the Gniezno archbishops in the Polish state, represented a sufficient basis enabling to build the defending constructions. In former literature the archiepiscopal castles were known only in Gniezno, Kamień Pomorski, Łowicz, Opatówek, Uniejów and in Źnin-Wenecja. The first five castles were erected by abp Jarosław Bogoria Skotnicki in the middle or 3rd quarter of 14th century, the latter was the knight's foundation bought by the archbishops in the 1st quarter of 15th century. There ie not satisfactory state of investigations of the archiepiscopal castles as far as both the source-research and the field archaeological and architectonical investigations are concerned. That is clearly illustrated by a situation of Skierniewice, where the archiepiscoDal palace still exists. It seems that the earlier archiepiscopal construction in Skierniewice was a castle erected in the middle of 15th century by «rchbishops Jan Sprowski on the isle surrounded by the moat. This castle, known from the incomplete archival data, was destroyed or rebuilt in the 1st half of 17th century. The Skierniewice example shows that the investigations of the archiepiscopal castles have not excesses - an inventory stage.The small and not existing presently defending constructions erected in the centers of particular demesnes are also forgotten. The paper concerns the formerly unknown manors in Kurzelów and Piątek. They (as well as the mentioned manors in Zychów, Łęgonice and Marchwacz) were small dwelling houses, sometimes a tower, accompanied by several household constructions, situated an the mounds and surrounded by meats. The essential function of. the archiepiscopal manors in question was, beyond any doubt, the dwelling purpose. They were inhabited by the administrators of properties, and periodically they played a role of the residence for archbishops travelling around the country. Besides the residential and administrative role the objects in question used to perform also the defending tasks, guarding the security of the inhabitants and material goods collected by the archibishops. The defending manors founded in the middle ages survived untill the 17th century, being frequently restored and rebuilt. It seems that here appears an urgent need to investigate - by means of archaeological methods - at least few defending archiepiscopal manors for the date enabling one to compare this kind of "rural defending seats" with the defending constructions erected by the secular feudals are missing. It seems moreover, that the investigations of the small archiepiscopal seats should be carried out in a close collaboration between the historian-expert in written sources and the field explorers-archaeologist and architect.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1983, 3
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Парцеллированные конструкции в структуре современного газетного текста
Parceling constructions in the structure of modern newspaper text
Autorzy:
Сидорова, Елена
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22858215.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
This article deals with the analysis of parceling constructions which are considered as a structural element of the newspaper text. Nowadays parceling marks syntax of the modern publicistic speech inasmuch as parceling promotes strengthening of effecting function of the text (the so-called “expressivization” of the text). Parceling occurs both on the level of simple sentence and on the level of compound sentence. On the level of simple sentence attributes and adverbial modifiers most often undergo parceling. Parceling takes place in compound sentences in the time of actualization of subordinate clause with the meaning of effect, cause, condition, concession. Syntactic organization of the modern newspaper text (connected with the use of parceling constructions) absolutely corresponds to the realization of the both constructive and style vector of media texts.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica; 2010, 06; 149-155
1731-8025
2353-9623
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Getting Laid and Growing Close: Constructions of Masculinity in Relationship Advice for Heterosexual Men
Autorzy:
Knudson, Sarah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2119612.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-07-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Masculinity
Gender
Relationships
Self-Help
Books
Opis:
Despite the growing popularity of men’s self-help products, recent debates surrounding hegemonic masculinity, and attention to the “crisis of masculinity,” research has ignored men’s advice about intimate relationships. Consequently, I examine 30 contemporary relationship advice books and conceptualize their constructions of heterosexual masculinity. Findings demonstrate authors’ overall rejection of hegemonic masculinity, alongside an overarching strategy of “masculinizing” intimacy that promotes two subsidiary gender strategies – relational heroism and tempered ambition – which reframe non-hegemonic behavior as manly. The overarching strategy appears in mild forms in books emphasizing “getting laid” and stronger variants in books that promote “growing close” through intimacy. The strategy promotes a promising departure from the constraints of hegemonic masculinity by broadening men’s acceptable range of talking about and doing masculinity, but continues to emphasize gender difference and enables a reconfiguration of heterosexual masculine intimacy within hegemonic masculinity, thereby limiting its promotion of gender equality.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2014, 10, 3; 116-137
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evidential Constructions as Deictic Markers of a Communicative Subject in Newspaper Political Narrative
Autorzy:
Milostivaya, Alexandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
evidentiality
journalese
narrative
role deixis
information agency
Opis:
The article is dedicated to studying communicative and pragmatic evidential constructions in newspaper political narrative. Based on the assumption that a communicative subject is represented as chain cooperation (“orderer” – editor – journalist – source – journalist), markers of evidentiality are matched with reference to the information about the events described on behalf of the source of relevant information. Correlation between an evidential discourse marker and an indication of the source of information in the narrative, as well as the possibility of indirect deictic reference to second-hand information with the help of modal verbs and lexical markers have been identified. Using evidential constructions in newspapers is determined pragmatically and connected with the narrator’s desire to distance him- or herself from unreliable or axiologically negative factors.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2021, 19, 4; 369-388
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Budownictwo plecionkowe na tle porównawczym strefy Morza Bałtyckiego i Północnego
Comparative Analysis of Wattle Constructions in the Region of the Baltic and North Seas
Autorzy:
Gupieniec, Romana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
Houses built in a wattle technique belong to the oldest preserved house beginning systems originating from primitive shelters. Walls of houses made in a wattle technique are observed in various places in Europe. There is no doubt that because of wide occurrence of wattle houses they differed depending on the region, and ecological and economic conditions. I believe that traditional aspects could have played an important role here as well. Wattle technique was once used as a temporary solution conditioned by poverty, other time it was treated as a technique equal with remaining, widely practised construction technologies. As regards a variety of attitude to wattle constructions and reasons why they began to be used I would distinguish and compare three regions. The thirst region would cover the area of northern Poland and Polabia. The north of Poland would be characterised by small size wattle constructions raised because of impoverishment, partly because of people migrations and catastrophic events. Whereas in Polabia occur houses of more solid wattle construction constituting and included in more stable building system. Environmental conditions, economic arrangements or continuation of strongly rooted traditions are irrelevant here. In the second- north east region- wattle walls occurred rarely. They were used in household buildings only and they are not observed in dwelling houses. I believe that ecological conditions played an important role here. Domination of coniferous and mixed forests delivering large quantity of wood appeared useful in house building and this explains why wooden constructions were commonly used. Neither the aspects connected with catastrophic events, nor impoverishment and temporary depopulation were reflected in changes in the use of building systems. In this territory solid and earlier verified constructions were exceptionally preferred.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2001, 23 T.2
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constructions causatives avec le verbe boire : étude contrastive français/polonais
Autorzy:
Cholewa, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041551.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
construction causative
prédicat causatif
analyse contrastive
boire
poić
causative construction
causative predicate
contrastive analysis
Opis:
L’article prend pour objet la construction causative du français faire boire et ses correspondants en langue polonaise. Dans celle-ci, le prédicat causatif de base, exprimant le mieux ce sens causatif est le verbe poić, ainsi que ses dérivés préfixaux aspectuels, que l’on peut désigner par le symbole (-)poić. L’objectif de l’analyse est d’observer les régularités qui se manifestent au niveau du choix du verbe polonais au moment de la traduction de faire boire. L’analyse démontre que le polonais sélectionne différents verbes, selon les sens de faire boire, distingués sur la base de leur construction sémantico- syntaxique. Les emplois que l’on peut appeler prototypiques, se référant aux entités animées, sont traduits en polonais par poić / napoić. Cependant, pour traduire faire boire avec N1 appartenant à la classe [alcool], le polonais sélectionnera soit napoić (sans excès), soit spoić (excessivement). La présence du quantifieur en position de N1 bloque entièrement (-)poić. Enfin, la construction passive se faire boire se traduit par wsiąkać / wsiąknąć, prédicat non causatif.
This paper analyses the French causative construction ‘faire boire’ and its equivalents in the Polish language. The basic causative predicate which translates the sense of faire boire is the verb ‘poić’ and its prefixal aspectual equivalents. The aim of the analysis is to observe the regularities that occur in the choice of the Polish verb at the moment of the translation of ‘faire boire’. The analysis shows that, depending on the meaning of ‘faire boire’ – one distinguished on the basis of a semantic-syntactic construction – the Polish language selects different verbs. The use that we can call prototypical is translated into Polish with ‘poić/napoić’, referring to both humans and animals. However, if N1 belongs to the class [alcohol], the Polish language selects either ‘napoić’ (meaning: not excessively), or ‘spoić’ (meaning: in excess). The presence of the quantifier in position N1 blocks the use of the verb ‘poić’. The French passive construction ‘se faire boire’ can be translated with the predicate ‘wsiąkać / wsiąknąć’, showing no causativity.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica; 2019, 14; 109-119
1505-9065
2449-8831
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analityzmy leksykalne i ich syntetyczne odpowiedniki w prasie
Analytical lexical constructions and their synthetic equivalents in the press
Autorzy:
Burska, Katarzyna
Loewe, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/43859427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
In the dissertation the issue of analytical lexical constructions which have synthetic (one-word) equivalents is taken into consideration. The dissertation undertakes an analysis of material from 2011 until 2012. The research material consists of approximately three thousands lexical constructions coming from four polish weekly magazines (sports, political, entertainment and educational) which are designated for diversified recipients. The aim of the work is to answer the questions of what components analitisms are built, what semantic relation can we notice between analytical lexical constructions and their equivalents, what functions do they perform and what do recipient and sender need to decipher periphrases. There is a noticeable duality in the thesis structure – it is divided into a theoretical and an analytical part. The theoretical part focuses on the definitions and theses referring to the following issues: verbo-nominal collocations, synthetic constructions, periphrases, multiverbization, phraseologisms, univerbation. In the dissertation a new definition of the term analytical lexical construction was created. As analitisms are treated at least two-words structures which have one-word equivalents with identical or similar meaning. In the analytical part of the dissertation the descriptive and synthetic lexical constructions were examined with regard to the structural, semantic and pragmatic aspects.
W książce przedstawiono obecne we współczesnej prasie analityczne konstrukcje leksykalne, które mają syntetyczne odpowiedniki. Praca ma charakter analityczno-materiałowy, zbiera dotychczasową wiedzę na temat tytułowego zjawiska. Autorka poddała obserwacji materiał pochodzący z wybranych periodyków polskich o zróżnicowanej tematyce i przeznaczonych dla różnego kręgu odbiorców. Treści teoretyczne łączą się z analizą zgromadzonych przykładów pod względem strukturalnym, semantycznym i pragmatycznym. Publikacja przynosi odpowiedź na pytania, z jakich komponentów zbudowane są analityzmy leksykalne mające jednoelementowe odpowiedniki, jakie relacje znaczeniowe zachodzą między omawianymi jednostkami, jakie kompetencje nadawczo-odbiorcze są wymagane do właściwego odczytywania peryfraz i ich ekwiwalentów oraz jakie funkcje przypisywane są konstrukcjom analitycznym i syntetycznym we współczesnych periodykach.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Książka
Tytuł:
Budownictwo drewniane na grodzie raciąskim z drugiej połowy XIII wieku
Wooden constructions from the 2nd half of 13th century at the Raciąż stronghold
Autorzy:
Barnycz-Gupieniec, Romana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941768.pdf
Data publikacji:
1983
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
Archaeological investigations af the stronghold at Raciąż, province of Bydgoszcz, have been conducted for the past nine years. The Raciąż stronghold is situated on Przyarcz Lake and it is now connected with the mainland by the narrow strip of the ground. Up to now some signifficant portion of the stronghold inner maidan was excavated and four complete houses as well as fragment of another one were uncovered. The area of the maidan is ca 2000 square meters. The stronghold, constructions are dated to the period between 1256 (a firé recorded in Kronika Wielkopolska - Great Polish Chronicle) and 1300 (last fire which definitely brought the stronghold existence to an end) The Raciąż houses were exceptionally big, 16-22 meters long and 7-10 meters wide. Such dimensions suggest that the houses must have consisted of many rooms, at least of two. As far as few wooden fragments indicate they were built in the laft construction as well as in the wattle coated with a clay one. Floors were mainly of clay, seldom of wood. Nearly in all cases the cellars were revealed underueath the houses, on average 3 x 3 meters dimension and f-a 1,60 to 1,80 meters deep. The cellars were dug under the floors in the central parts of the houses. Only in house nr 2, consisted of the smithy and dwelling room, the cellar was situated under the latter room. House nr 1 was probably constructed upon the stone foundation. It was the smallest object and its dimensions were 7 x 9 meters. It is reasonably suspected that it could be the several-floor construction, perhaps the dwelling tower. For it stood opposite to the entrance gate, on the another side of the maidan it could be the last defending point of the stronghold. In the Western part of the maidan a house with outbuilding was uncovered. It was the smithy with the two-room dwelling house. In the Eastern part two houses were standing. One was furnished with the domelike stove and with firebed interpreted as the kitchen-bakery. The other one had a separated porch or hallway. In the latter house the numerous bones lying in anatomical arrangement were föund. It could be the tworoom (household and dwelling) house with separated dwelling part furnished with a hearth. Almost in all houses were found big quantities of burned corn| grains lying i in regular concentrations. Therefore one can conclude that these were the stocks of corn held in the bags or in the large wooden vessels. In some houses the readible traces of consumption survived in the form of bones lying regularly along the walls. They perhaps do not highly attest to the contemporary hygiene. The furniture of the houses, consisti'g mainly of the objects typical for the stronghold garrison, then the lack of any handicraft workshop, except the smithy, emphasize the military nature of the Raciąż stronghold.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1983, 3
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interferencja językowa w tworzeniu konstrukcji warunkowych przez polskich studentów, uczących się języka serbskiego jako języka obcego
Linguistic interference in formulating conditional constructions by Polish students who study Serbian as a foreign Language
Autorzy:
Miletić, Sanja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967058.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Serbian as a foreign language
Polish language
linguistic interference
mistake in teaching language
conditional constructions
język serbski jako obcy
język polski
interferencja językowa
błąd w nauczaniu języka obcego
konstrukcje warunkowe
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiona jest analiza błędów w tworzeniu konstrukcji warunkowych w języku serbskim, popełnianych przez studentów Filologii Słowiańskiej UŁ, uczących się języka serbskiego jako języka obcego, oraz problematyka związana z nauczaniem języka obcego a interferencją językową, na obszarze nauczania konstrukcji warunkowych w języku serbskim jako obcym. Podstawą badań jest korpus pisemnych prac domowych i testów zbieranych przez sześć lat prowadzenia zajęć nauki praktycznej języka serbskiego jako obcego na wszystkich poziomach, jak również celowo dla tego badania stworzone ćwiczenia związane z różnymi zagadnieniami. Ze względu na to, że konstrukcje warunkowe w językach serbskim i polskim różnią się mimo wielu podobieństw, oraz na to, że język serbski ma o jeden syntaktyczny (ale nie semantyczny) typ warunkowej konstrukcji więcej niż polszczyzna, te konstrukcje są jednymi z najbardziej problematycznych dla studentów. Popełnianych jest w nich stosunkowo najwięcej pomiłek, które potem prowadzą do powstawania innych błędów. Badanie dlatego ma za cel przedstawienie wszystkich typów konstrukcji warunkowych w obu językach, ich porównanie i pokazanie błędów popełnionych przez studentów, jako wynik interferencji językowej. Przedstawione zostaną także propozycje zapobiegania błędom, w celu ich unikania i zminimalizowania w przyszłości.
The paper presents the analysis of the mistakes, which are made during the process of formulating the conditional constructions in Serbian language by students of the Slavic Studies in the University of Lodz, who learn Serbian as a foreign language. In addition, the author examines the issue of linguistic interference in formulating the conditional constructions in Serbian as a foreign language. The basis for the investigation is the corpus, containing various kinds of essays and tests which were collected during 6 years of teaching Serbian as a foreign language (Serbian in use) in all levels as long as diverse exercises, intentionally created for the research. Due to the fact that conditional constructions in Polish and in Serbian – despite many similarities – differ from each other and that in Serbian language there is one more syntactic (but not semantic) type of conditional construction, this constructions are very problematic for students, who very often make of the mistakes and moreover those mistakes lead to other ones. The aim of the research is to present all types of conditional constructions in both languages, to compare them and to demonstrate mistakes, made by students as a result of linguistic interference. Another goal is to suggest ways to prevent mistakes in order to avoid or minimize them.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców; 2015, 22
0860-6587
2449-6839
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konstrukcje typu niedziel dwie - przejaw analogii czy rezultat wpływu obcego?
Constructions like niedziel dwie - analogy or the result of some external influence?
Autorzy:
Sicińska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/683711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
składnia
liczebnik
regionalizm
kresowizm
syntax
numeral
regionalism
Polish Eastern borderland
Opis:
The study focuses on combining numerals dwa, trzy and cztery with nouns, in particular the constructions like niedziel dwie, where the noun - being the subject which is counted - has the form of plural genitive. Constructions like that, contemporarily treated as incorrect, occurred already in the Old Polish language and became very common in the 16th–18th centuries. In t he 19th century, t hey were rather rare, and in the 20th and 21st centuries they have been preserved only in the area of the Eastern borderland. The reason for the occurrence of such constructions was primarily the impact of the paradigm of numerals from 5 upwards. The genitive form of the noun was also to a large extent determined by the order in which the noun was pushed before the numeral. In the Eastern borderland it was also the influence of Eastern Slavic languages that contributed to the discussed phenomenon - it is also the actual reason for preservation of this construction until today in the Eastern areas.
-
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica; 2017, 51, 2; 113-128
0208-6077
2450-0119
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jak wygląda Chinka? Kostiumologiczne konstrukcje „chińskości”
How does a Chinese woman look? Sartorial constructions of “chineseness”
Autorzy:
Wasilewska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Chiny
moda
modyfikacja ciała
kobiecość
wzorce urody
tradycja wynaleziona
China
fashion
body modification
femininity
beauty standards
tradition invented
Opis:
Artykuł analizuje popularne na Zachodzie wyobrażenia o Chinach, których istotnym elementem jest ubiór i inne praktyki związane z modyfikacją wyglądu zewnętrznego kobiet. Trzy omawiane przykłady takich wyobrażeń – konstrukcji „chińskości” i „kobiecości” – osadzone są w różnych momentach historycznych, od drugiej połowy XIX wieku po dzień dzisiejszy. Zwyczaj krępowania stóp przez Chinki traktowany był przez cudzoziemców – początkowo wyłącznie mężczyzn, mających niewielkie możliwości kontaktu z kobietami chińskimi – jako jedna z miejscowych osobliwości. W szczycie epoki kolonialnej, na przełomie XIX i XX wieku, stał się dowodem na barbarzyństwo i zacofanie chylącego się ku upadkowi cesarstwa; znaczącą rolę w kształtowaniu takiego przekazu odegrały coraz liczniejsze podróżniczki i aktywistki europejskie i amerykańskie. Anonimowa chińska kobieta, prezentowana zachodniej publiczności poprzez zachodnie publikacje, była w nim ofiarą osobliwej praktyki kulturowej, a jednocześnie – co ciekawe – istotą pozbawioną seksualnej atrakcyjności dla nie-chińskiego mężczyzny. Haftowany pantofelek skrywający okaleczoną stopę stanowił wizualny znak takiego statusu. Suknia qipao wywoływała szereg odmiennych skojarzeń. Odwoływały się one początkowo do retoryki emancypacyjnej, poprzez związki z ubiorem męskim i etosem pierwszych Chinek podejmujących niedostępną dla nich przez wieki edukację. Następnie – do kosmopolitycznej i nowoczesnej elegancji oraz stylu życia, których ostoją był w pierwszej połowie XX wieku Szanghaj, a jednocześnie do wartości republikańskich i narodowych. Wizerunek kobiety w qipao zarówno w Chinach jak i poza nimi był kojarzony z modernizacją, ta zaś z kolei – z westernizacją. Hybrydowy fason tego stroju i związany z nim odcień erotyzmu, tym razem „zrozumiałego” dla cudzoziemców tak samo jak dla Chińczyków, doskonale się w tak pojmowaną modernizację wpisywał. Po kryzysie popularności qipao powróciło triumfalnie w końcu XX wieku, tym razem jednak jako nostalgiczny symbol tradycji i chińskiej tożsamości. Hanfu to ruch swoiście pojmowanej rekonstrukcji, istniejący w Chinach kontynentalnych od około dwudziestu lat, motywowany zarówno nacjonalistycznymi resentymentami jak i estetycznymi fascynacjami. Odwołuje się do czasów „prawdziwie chińskich” dynastii, widzianych jednak przez pryzmat współczesnej popkultury, a zwłaszcza kostiumowych filmów i seriali, często z elementami fantastyki. Udział w ruchu, w którym przeważają młode kobiety, jest obficie dokumentowany wizualnie. Wytwarzane i rozpowszechniane tą drogą obrazy krążą w ogromnych liczbach w chińskim internecie, ale coraz szerzej przenikają też do sieci globalnej. Kreują wizerunek Chinki jako idealnej piękności, delikatnej i zwiewnej, zafascynowanej przeszłością, a zarazem świadomej współczesnych wzorców urody i pilnie za nimi podążającej. Równie stereotypowy jak poprzednie, wizerunek ten wytwarzany jest w zdecydowanej większości w Chinach i przez same Chinki. W pewnym wymiarze odzyskują one w ten sposób kontrolę nad swoim obrazem, jednak wpisuje się on teraz w restrykcyjny i dyscyplinujący system ról społecznych własnego kręgu kulturowego.
The article analyzes the ideas about China popular in the West, an important element of which is clothing and other practices related to the modification of the external appearance of women. The three discussed examples of such ideas – the construction of “Chineseness” and “femininity” – are set in various historical moments, from the second half of the 19th century to the present day. The practice of foot restraints by Chinese women was treated by foreigners – initially only men who had little contact with Chinese women – as one of the local peculiarities. At the height of the colonial era, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, it became evidence of the barbarism and backwardness of the decaying empire; a significant role in shaping such a message was played by more and more European and American travelers and activists. The anonymous Chinese woman, presented to Western audiences through Western publications, was a victim of a peculiar cultural practice, and at the same time – interestingly – a creature devoid of sexual attraction to a non-Chinese man. An embroidered slipper concealing a mutilated foot was a visual sign of this status. The qipao dress evoked a number of different associations. Initially, they referred to the emancipatory rhetoric, through ties with men’s clothing and the ethos of the first Chinese women who undertook education unavailable to them for centuries. Then – to the cosmopolitan and modern elegance and lifestyle of which Shanghai was the mainstay in the first half of the 20th century, and at the same time to republican and national values. The image of a woman in qipao, both in China and elsewhere, was associated with modernization, which in turn – with westernization. The hybrid cut of this outfit and the associated shade of eroticism, this time “understandable” for foreigners as well as for the Chinese, fit perfectly into such a concept of modernization. After the crisis of popularity, qipao triumphantly returned at the end of the 20th century, but this time as a nostalgic symbol of Chinese tradition and identity. Hanfu is a movement of a peculiarly understood reconstruction, existing in mainland China for about twenty years, motivated by both nationalistic resentments and aesthetic fascinations. It refers to the times of “truly Chinese” dynasties, but seen through the prism of contemporary pop culture, especially period movies and series, often containing elements of fantasy. Participation in this movement dominated by young women is abundantly visually documented. The images produced and disseminated in this way circulate in enormous numbers on the Chinese Internet, but they are also increasingly penetrating the global network. They create the image of a Chinese woman as a perfect beauty, delicate and airy, fascinated by the past, and at the same time aware of contemporary beauty patterns and closely following them. As stereotypical as the previous ones, this image is produced mostly in China and by Chinese women themselves. To some extent, they regain control over their image, but now it fits into the restrictive and disciplining system of social roles in their own culture.
Źródło:
TECHNE. Seria Nowa; 2021, 7; 157-171
2084-851X
Pojawia się w:
TECHNE. Seria Nowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola składniowych środków językowych w tekstach humorystycznych
Functions of syntactical constructions in the humorous texts
Autorzy:
Cieśla, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/683847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
składniowe środki stylistyczne
dowcip językowy
składniowe środki stylistyczne w dowcipie
syntactical stylistic devices
linguistic joke
syntactical stylistic devices in jokes
Opis:
In the article they made analysis of chosen stylistic devices about syntactical character used for creating humorous announcements i.e.: repeating (including the syntactic parallelism), proximity of homogeneous sentences, parenthesis, the pause and the ellipse. The main author’s purpose is description of detailed functions of syntactical devices and analysis of vocabulary, which they contain.
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Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica; 2017, 51, 1; 29-42
0208-6077
2450-0119
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reframing Patient’s Autonomy in End-of-Life Care Decision-Making: Constructions of Agency in Interviews with Physicians
Autorzy:
Buscariolli, André
Vesala, Kari Mikko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1024405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Advance Directives
Patient’s Autonomy
Bioethics
Frame Analysis
Agency
End-of-Life Care
Finland
Opis:
In the research literature, critical viewpoints question the idea of patient autonomy as a robust basis for approaching end-of-life treatments. Yet physicians express distinctly positive attitudes towards patient autonomy and advance directives in questionnaire studies. In this article, we unravel taken-for-granted assumptions about the agency that physicians use when evaluating patient autonomy in end-of-life care. We use Goffmanian frame analysis to analyze semi-structured interviews with eight Finnish physicians. Instead of measuring standardized responses, we explore in detail how distinct evaluations of patient autonomy are made through approving or reserved stand-taking. The results show that the interviewees reframed patient autonomy with the help of biological, medical, ethical, and interaction frames. Through such reframing, the patient’s agency was constructed as vulnerable and weak in contrast to the medical expert with the legitimated capacity to act as an agent for the patient. Further, end-of-life treatment decisions by the patient, as well as the patient’s interests appeared as relationally defined in interactions and negotiations managed by the physician, instead of attesting the sovereign agency of an autonomous actor.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2021, 17, 2; 70-87
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Yes! Kissing Too… The Child Would Not Be Hurt in Any Way: Social Constructions of Child Sexual Abuse in the Ga Community in Ghana
Autorzy:
Markwei, Ummu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Child Sexual Abuse
Acceptable Sexual Behaviors
Non-Acceptable Sexual Behaviors
Transactional Sex
Opis:
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child obligates nations to protect children from all forms of abuse including sexual. However, child sexual abuse is a complex phenomenon which is difficult to understand as a result of cultural reasons. In view of this, the programs, policies, and interventions put in place to curb the phenomenon of child sexual abuse globally can only be effective if they are relevant to the social and cultural setting within which it happens. This is an exploratory study that sought to investigate social constructions of child sexual abuse in the Ga community. The study uses qualitative research methods to collect data from 42 respondents via six focus group discussions across three selected towns in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The findings showed that sexual activities between adults and children that were regarded as acceptable did not constitute child sexual abuse. However, sexual behaviors between adults and children that were regarded as unacceptable were viewed as serious, hence, considered as sexual abuse. The findings of this study illustrate the need for appropriate cultural interventions in curbing the phenomenon of child sexual abuse in the Ga Community in Ghana.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2019, 15, 3; 110-125
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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