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Tytuł:
A conceptual design and numerical analysis of the mixerless urea-SCR system
Autorzy:
Kaźmierski, Bartosz
Górka, Krzysztof
Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
NOx
SCR
selective catalytic reduction
wall film
CFD
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
In the present study, an innovative design of a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system without conventional mixing elements was developed. The aim was to obtain a high degree of urea decomposition, and uniform ammonia distribution at the inlet to the catalyst, while minimising the liquid film deposition and keeping the compact design. The concept of the design was based on creating high turbulence and elongating the flow paths of the droplets. The design was verified through a series of numerical simulations based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach and a discrete droplet model (DDM) spray representation. The analysis included various operating conditions as well as subcooled and superheated sprays. A uniform ammonia distribution was achieved regardless of the operating points and spray properties. Additionally, in the case of a flash-boiling injection, a further reduction of the wall film was observed.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 4; 12--20
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combination of LNT and SCR for NOx reduction in passenger car applications
Autorzy:
Maunula, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134216.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
NOx
Selective Catalytic Reduction
SCR
LNT
catalysts
diesel
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
katalizator
Opis:
The removal of NOx and particulate emissions in light-duty diesel vehicles will require the use of aftertreatment methods like Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea and Lean NOx Trap (LNT) (Euro 6 and beyond). A new concept is the combination of LNT + SCR, which enables on-board synthesis of ammonia (NH3), which reacts with NOx on the SCR catalyst. The main application for this kind system will be lighter passenger cars, where LNTs may be used instead of full urea-SCR system. That particular combinatory system was investigated by developing platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh) containing LNTs and SCR catalysts in this study. In the use conditions, the maximum temperature may reach temperatures up to 800°C and NOx reduction reactions should proceed without NO2 assistance in the SCR position after LNT and DPF. PtRh/LNT with the total loadings of 85 g/cft (2.8 g/L) and higher resulted in a high NOx efficiency above 80–90% with a broad operation window in the laboratory simulations. In the experimental conditions, a higher NH3 concentration after LNT was essential to simulate well the operation of SCR catalysts. The developed Cu-SCR catalyst showed a high hydrothermal durability up to the ageing temperature of 800°C and a wide operation window without the NO2 assistance (NO only in feed). Fe-SCR and V-SCR catalysts were more dependent on NO2. A studied concept had an air injection after LNT to keep SCR condition always in lean side, where the SCR reaction was promoted by oxygen resulting in high reduction selectivity to nitrogen (N2) without NH3 emissions. The simulations in reaction conditions and system design resulted in the proposals for the optimal design and main reaction mechanism in DOC + DPF + LNT + SCR systems.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 60-67
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
3E - A new paradigm for the development of civil aviation
Autorzy:
Orkisz, Marek
Kuźniar, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
airplane
electric propulsion
hybrid propulsion
distributed propulsion
reduction of emission exhaust
reduction of noise
decrease of fuel consumption
samolot
napęd elektryczny
napęd hybrydowy
napęd rozproszony
redukcja emisji spalin
redukcja hałasu
zmniejszenie zużycia paliwa
Opis:
Nowadays, in civil aviation, issues related to improving efficiency, reducing the costs of air operations as well as the negative impact of air transport on the environment are of increasing importance. These ideas allow the formulation of the paradigm relating to the development of air transport - ‘more Efficiently, more Economically, more Eco-friendly - 3E’. The article presents in a cross-sectional and synthetic way research conducted by leading scientific centres around the world as well as prototype aviation constructions designed by companies from the aviation industry. Benefits and disadvantages of future propulsions, such as purely electric, hybrid and distributed propulsions, were presented. Conclusions were formulated regarding further possible directions of civil aviation development, taking into account the improvement of its efficiency as well as economic and ecological indicators.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2020, 59, 2; 3--10
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potentials for NOx and CO2 reduction of combined NSC + passive SCR system in Diesel passenger car application
Autorzy:
Wittka, T.
Holderbaum, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust aftertreatment
NSC
Selective Catalytic Reduction
SCR
fuel reformer
oczyszczanie spalin
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
The stringent pollutant and CO2 emission limitation in upcoming legislation norms for Diesel passenger car applications force the introduction of exhaust aftertreatment systems with maximum purification and energetic efficiency. The state-off-the-art technologies for NOx reduction, NOx storage and reduction catalyst (NSC) and selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR), show challenges for robust performance under strongly extended emission relevant operation conditions from cold start to high engine load and speed. One technical solution is the combination of NSC and passive SCR. This paper presents the experimental results obtained in the EUproject “Powerful”. On engine test bench and demonstrator vehicle, an exhaust aftertreatment system combining NSC, passive SCR and fuel reformer technology was developed and experimentally investigated steady-state and on road. The engine independent NSC operation offers potentials for lowered fuel consumption penalty by avoiding engine rich operation. The intrinsic NH3 formation during the NSC regeneration is used for additional NOx conversion on the passive SCR and reduces NOx and CO2 emission.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 68-76
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical evaluation of urea-mixing devices for close-coupled selective catalytic reduction systems
Autorzy:
Kaźmierski, Bartosz Grzegorz
Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202462.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
urea water solution
urea mixer
selective catalytic reduction
SCR
roztwór mocznika
mieszalnik mocznika
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
The following research presents a numerical evaluation of existing and conceptual urea-mixing devices used in close-coupled (to the engine) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The analysis was aimed at the assessment of urea-mixing devices that could considerably enhance the reduction of nitrogen oxides from the diesel-engine combustion process under a wide range of operating conditions, including cold starts. The analysis showed that replacing blade-equipped static mixers with perforated stationary mixing devices may provide a more uniform spatial distribution of ammonia at the inlet to the SCR catalyst and reduce pressure drops generated by mixing devices. Moreover, the conceptual mixing devices, based on combinations of the blade and perforated mixers to develop intensive turbulence, enabled the increase of the mixing length leading to effective decomposition of the urea-water solution (UWS), and provided uniform spatial distribution of ammonia, even for the small-sized mixing systems. However, the intensive mixing was often associated with a significant rise in the pressure drop.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 84--93
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of flameproof exhaust system on efficiency of selective catalytic reduction
Wpływ ognioszczelnego układu wylotowego na sprawność metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej
Autorzy:
Kaczmarczyk, K.
Brzeżański, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
flameproof exhaust system
NOx emission
selective catalytic reduction
ognioszczelny układ wylotowy
emisja tlenków azotu
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
Ecological problems associated with operation of diesel engine in underground excavation areas are discussed. Characteristic features of diesel drives operating in excavation zones threatened by explosion hazard, including technical problems with use of selective catalytic reduction, are presented. The results of stationary tests of flameproof diesel drive, in which selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was used, are given.
W artykule omówiono problemy ekologiczne związanie z pracą silnika z zapłonem samoczynnym w wyrobiskach podziemnych. Przedstawiono cechy charakterystyczne spalinowych układów napędowych pracujących w wyrobiskach zagrożonych wybuchem, uwzględniając problemy techniczne związane z zastosowaniem metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej. Zaprezentowano wyniki przeprowadzonych badań stanowiskowych ognioszczelnego, spalinowego układu napędowego, w którym zastosowano metodę selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej tlenków azotu.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 4; 26-33
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of retrofit devices for the Horizon 2020 Cleanest Engine and Vehicle Retrofit Prizes
Autorzy:
Giechaskiel, Barouch
Suarez-Bertoa, Ricardo
Melas, Anastasios
Selleri, Tommaso
Maggiore, Maurizio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
retrofit
fuel supply innovation
selective catalytic reduction
SCR
Horizon 2020 prizes
zasilanie paliwem
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Horyzont 2020
Opis:
The Horizon 2020 prizes aimed at the development of retrofit and engines that would reduce pollution. The Retrofit prize had a winner, while the Engine prize not. In this paper we present the innovations that were tested at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, and not awarded. One was a “condensation” aftertreatment device, two were devices inserted in the fuel supply system, and one a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx system. The testing of the “condensation” aftertreatment device showed that it could not with-stand the high exhaust gas temperatures. The results of the two fuel systems showed that they could not control efficiently the NOx emissions. The reductions of the pollutants were negligble for the levels that the prizes were aiming. The SCR system did not achieve any significant reduction of NOx, probably due to a malfunction of the device.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 7--34
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the injection frequency on the urea selective catalytic reduction systems performance
Autorzy:
Rogóż, R.
Jaworski, P.
Kapusta, Ł. J.
Teodorczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
AVL FIRE
selective catalytic reduction
uniformity index
urea water solution
UWS
wall-film
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
roztwór mocznika
Opis:
This study presents the influence of the UWS injection frequency on a close coupled SCR systems performance. The investigation was performed with the CFD tool AVL Fire. In the paper the analysis of four different UWS injection frequencies in the three different operating points of diesel engine was shown. The assessments of the system performance was referred to the ammonia distribution at catalyst intake and wall film formation inside the investigated geometry, as these are considered as crucial in such a configuration. The results showed that injection frequency affects both factors on different level depending from the flow conditions. In addition, the wall film crystallization risk was discussed basing on the obtained wall film characteristics.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 73-77
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DME as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines - a review
Autorzy:
Stepanenko, Denys
Kneba, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
alternative fuels
dimethyl ether
DME
internal combustion engine
emission reduction
paliwa alternatywne
eter dimetylowy
tłokowy silnik spalinowy
redukcja emisji
Opis:
The ecological issues and the depletion of crude oil, has led the researchers to seeking for non-petroleum based alternative fuels, along with more advanced combustion technologies, and after-treatment systems. The use of clean alternative fuels is the one of the most perspective method that aiming at resolving of the said issues. One of the promising alternative fuels that can be used as a clean high-efficiency compression ignition fuel with reduced of toxic emissions is dimethyl ether (DME). Moreover, it can be produced from various feedstocks such as natural gas, coal, biomass and others. This article describes the properties and the potential of DME application on the combustion and emission reduction characteristics of the compression ignition engines.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 2; 172-179
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ammonia CI engine aftertreatment systems design and flow simulation
Autorzy:
Kuta, Kacper
Nadimi, Ebrahim
Przybyła, Grzegorz
Żmudka, Zbigniew
Adamczyk, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097643.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
ammonia
selective catalytic reduction
SCR
compression ignition engine
test rig
emissions
amoniak
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
stanowisko badawcze
emisje
Opis:
Investigation of exhaust emissions and ammonia flow behavior in the exhaust system incorporating with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit is discussed. An aftertreatment system is designed to work without additional urea injection. This study is focused on obtaining optimal parameters for catalysis. Its effectiveness is considered as a function of basic parameters of exhaust gases mixture and SCR material characteristics. A 3D geometry of SCR with porous volume has been simulated using Ansys Fluent. Moreover, a 1D model of ammonia dual-fuel CI engine has been obtained. Results were focused on obtaining local temperature, velocity, and exhaust gases composition to predict optimal probes placement, pipes insulation parameters, and characteristic dimensions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 3--10
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ECU calibration for gaseous dual fuel supply system in compression ignition engines
Autorzy:
Stepanenko, Denys
Kneba, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
compression ignition engine
ECU calibration
dual fuel mode
alternative fuels
emission reduction
silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
kalibracja ECU
tryb dwupaliwowy
paliwa alternatywne
ograniczenie emisji
Opis:
The dual fuel (DF) combustion mode is proven solution that allows to improve or get at the same level engine performance and reduce toxic compounds in exhaust gases which is confirmed by researchers and end-users. DF combustion mode uses two fuels gaseous fuel as a primary energy source and a pilot quantity of diesel fuel as ignition source. However, in order, to fully take advantage of the potential of the dual fuel mode, DF system must be proper calibrated. Despite the existence of commercial control systems for dual fuel engines on the market, the literature on the important parameters for the engine's operation introduced during calibration is scarce. This article briefly describes a concept of working algorithm and calibration strategy of a dual fuel electronic control unit (ECU) The purpose of calibration is to achieve the greatest possible use of an alternative gaseous fuel without causing accelerated engine wear.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2020, 59, 3; 33--37
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental research and CFD analysis of flow parameters in a SCR system for the original part and WALKER’s replacement
Autorzy:
Kurzydym, Damian
Klimanek, Adam
Żmudka, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133156.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
selective catalytic reduction
computational fluid dynamics
static mixer
uniformity index
coefficient of variation
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
obliczeniowa dynamika płynów
mieszalnik statyczny
wskaźnik nierównomierności
współczynnik wariancji
Opis:
The article presents the results of experimental research and their comparison with CFD simulations for the original selective catalytic reduction system and WALKER replacement. The research was performed to develop the WALKER universal mixer. The SCR prototype without mixer and with the proposed mixer were tested and compared with the original VW part. The next step was reverse engineering, which consisted in scanning the tested parts with a laser and processing their point cloud in Leios2 program. Reverse engineering has allowed the reconstruction of 3D geometry of the tested parts in the Catia v5 program and then preparation their models for computational fluid dynamics. Numerical simulations were carried out in the Ansys Fluent program, thanks to which several quantities were determined e.g. uniformity index of gas flow through the monolith and coefficient of variation as a measure of mixing degree, which have a significant impact on the design of the mixer and the SCR system.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 4; 13-20
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the possibilities of using of DME fuel in motor boat drive systems
Autorzy:
Kropiwnicki, J.
Dominiczak, P.
Kneba, Z.
Makowski, S.
Cieśliński, J. T.
Ziółkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
internal combustion engines
dimethyl ether
DME
alternative fuel
emission reduction
fuel storage on board small vessels
silnik spalinowy
eter dimetylowy
paliwo alternatywne
redukcja emisji
przechowywanie paliwa
Opis:
The characteristics of alternative fuel for diesel: dimethyl ether (DME) and an analysis of the potential to reduce emissions of toxic compounds by the engines when running on this fuel have been presented in this work. Basic types of design solutions of gas supply and control systems, possible for use in internal combustion engines with DME supply have been also presented. The paper presents a study of the legislation and an analysis of the feasibility of the system storage and fueling DME on board small vessels.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 74-80
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of the self-ignition engines
Badania stężeń amoniaku w spalinach silników z zapłonem samoczynnym
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Żółtowski, A.
Grzelak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134110.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
ammonia
Selective Catalytic Reduction
SCR
Laser Diode Spectrometer
LDS
Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer
FTIR
amoniak
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
spektometr laserowo-diodowy
analizator podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera
Opis:
In the article there was reviewed the principle of operation of the SCR type catalitic reactors and explained the reason, why ammonia appears in the exhaust gas. The principles of analyzers to measure the concentrations of ammonia in the exhaust gases was reviewed. There were examined changes in EU regulations on the emissions of vehicles engines in comparison to UNECE Regulation No. 49, series 05 of amendments.
W artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania reaktorów katalitycznych typu SCR oraz wyjaśniono przyczynę, dla której w spalinach pojawia się amoniak. Dokonano przeglądu zasady działania analizatorów do pomiarów stężeń amoniaku w spalinach. Przeanalizowane zostały zmiany wprowadzone w rozporządzeniach UE dotyczących emisji zanieczyszczeń z układów wylotowych silników pojazdów w porównaniu z Regulaminem EKG ONZ nr 49, seria 05 poprawek.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 3; 575-580
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of the life-cycle emissions of carbon dioxide emitted by battery electric vehicles using various energy mixes and vehicles with ICE
Autorzy:
Borkowski, Adam
Zawiślak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
sustainable mobility
vehicle CO2 emission
life cycle assessment
carbon footprint
GHG reduction
zrównoważona mobilność
emisja CO2
ocena cyklu życia
ślad węglowy
redukcja emisji gazów cieplarnianych
Opis:
The research aims to find an effective way to reduce real-world CO2 emissions of passenger vehicles, by answering the question of what kind of vehicles in various countries generates the smallest carbon footprint. Emissions were calculated for vehicles from three of the most popular segments: small, compact, and midsize, both with conventional body and SUVs. Each type of vehicle was analyzed with various types of powertrain: petrol ICE (internal combustion engine), diesel ICE, LPG ICE, petrol hybrid, LPG hybrid and BEV (battery electric vehicle) with four different carbon intensity of electric energy source. The final conclusion provides guidelines for environmentally responsible decision-making in terms of passenger vehicle choice.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 1; 3--10
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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