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Wyszukujesz frazę "the function of the forest" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Tytuł:
    Sukcesja dębu w drzewostanach sosnowych na siedliskach borowych
    The oak succession in the pine stand in the coniferous forest habitat
    Autorzy:
    Gniot, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016532.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    sukcesja roslin
    drzewostany sosnowe
    siedliska borowe
    Quercus
    lesnictwo
    dab
    drzewa lesne
    natural succesion
    oak
    pure pine stand
    coniferous forest habitats
    silviculture
    transformation of the
    stand
    the complexity in the forest vegetation community
    the biological diversity in the forest
    forestry
    headquater
    balanced proecological forest management unit
    the function of the forest
    multipurpose
    forest
    the ecosystem of the forest
    stand varied in species
    biocenosis
    the natural upgrowth
    Opis:
    Permanently balanced forest economy demands today a resignation from a constant model of the forest stand, which preferred the productive function of the forest, mostly without any consideration to its natural values formed by Mother Nature. Implanting on Polish grounds principles of multifunctional forest districts acknowledged as a breeding object of the whole forest ecosystem, giving in that way the forest economy a proecological dimension. Its a result from a general progress of civilization and achievements in forest science; reaching towards the needs and expectations from the society gaining a general acceptation from different environments. One of the fundamental elements implementing the ecosystem is to rebuild deformed and artificially barred forest phytocenosis. This refers especially to pure pine stands on habitats, in which trophoism potential explains breeding habitats species variety. A good help for the forester in this area can be a natural succesion of good, noble broad−leaved species like for example the oak. Succesion of this species takes on a special meaning in poor habitats, in which it without any special imposes enriches the biocenose with the whole positive outcome accompanying this process; it can also be a valuable clue to the potential fertility in the habitat and the complexity in the forest vegetation community. An important task is to lead the way for the oaks development from succesion to its fullest use as a natural presence in creating the future forest generation. The article below is devoted to this question describing the natural up growth of the oak in pine stands on the coniferous forest habitats in Forest District Różanna and the methods and results in which they are used for breeding.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 05; 60-72
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badanie regresyjnej formy funkcji celów lasu
    Issledovanija regressivnojj formy funkcijj celejj lesa
    Examination of the regressive form of the function of forest
    Autorzy:
    Molenda, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/811910.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1974
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 1974, 118, 10
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przesłanki optymalnego wyboru rębni w lasach polskich Karpat
    Preconditions for optimal choice of the cutting system in the Polish Carpathian forests
    Autorzy:
    Twaróg, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026517.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Karpaty
    rebnie
    lasy gorskie
    lesnictwo
    gory
    mountain stand
    carpathians
    forest function
    forest types
    silvicultural objectives
    cutting systems
    stand conversion
    Opis:
    The author provides arguments for not using clear cuts in the mountains, limiting the large−scale shelterwood system and recommends the Swiss irregular shelterwood, and, under certain conditions, the shelterwood−group and irregular group−strip systems. He presents types of forest stands in the ownership of the State Forests Holding in Polish Carpathians (beech, fir, spruce, pine and alder forests), silvicultural objectives and felling systems favouring the attainment of these objectives.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 02; 30-38
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preferowany typ drzewostanu i czynniki decydujące o atrakcyjności turystycznej drzewostanu w opinii społecznej
    Preferred type of forest stand and factors deciding about the tourist attractiveness of the forest
    Autorzy:
    Skłodowski, J.
    Gołos, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989914.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy
    funkcje rekreacyjne
    atrakcyjnosc turystyczna
    typy lasow
    preferencje spoleczne
    badania ankietowe
    opinia spoleczna
    leisure−related function of forest
    social preferences
    semantic differential
    Opis:
    The objective of the paper is to analyse the social preferences to the type of the forest stand and factors deciding about the tourist attractiveness of the forest. Data was collected during the nationwide surveys carried out in 2013 on the random representative sample of 1000 respondents above 18 years of age. The surveyed persons do not indicate strong preferences for deciduous or coniferous forest stands. The analysis of preferences for different types of forest stands with regard to respondents' sex did not confirm the importance of differences. Instead they suggest that respondents of different age tend to change their preferences with time – from broadleaved forest (the youngest respondents) to coniferous forest. Respondents in poor financial standing choose deciduous forest and mixed broadleaved forest, and people in good and very good financial standing – a coniferous forest stand, or rather a mixed one. What makes a forest stand attractive is mostly the forest's appearance and the nature along with the abundance of species, and the least, the presence of water or culture and historic sites. The older the respondents are, the more they appreciate silence and relaxation far from other people, as well as nature along with its abundance of fruits and fungi to be collected, while the least important is the diversity of land. Respondents with higher education (university degree) indicate the availability of land and the presence of waters as the most important features which decide of the attractiveness of forest, whereas people with the lowest education level – nature along with its abundance of species and the forest appearance. Respondents, who are in the best financial situation declare the appearance and the presence of lakes and rivers (features related to leisure), to be the most important factors which decide about tourist attractiveness of forest, and people in poor and very poor financial situation indicated: nature along with the abundance of species, availability of forest, places related to culture and religion, nature reserves, and tourist infrastructure.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 09; 747-756
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena ekonomiczna retencyjnych właściwości lasu
    Economic valuation of the water storage capacity of forests
    Autorzy:
    Tyszka, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989798.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy
    retencja wodna
    mala retencja wodna
    ocena ekonomiczna
    forest
    water storage
    price of water
    valuation of the water−storage function
    Opis:
    The article attempts to calculate the economic value of the natural water storage capacity of forests. The impact of forests on the volume of the river runoff and on the delay of the water cycle from the precipitation to the runoff was an indicative measure of storage capacity of the forest. Data from long−term research aimed at determining forest−water interactions in small catchments were used. Four weakly−correlated parameters of runoff characteristics were determined, reflecting the scale of retention capacities of forested areas. These parameters included mean annual runoff (HR), coefficient of the annual runoff irregularity of (HRmax/HRmin), summer to winter half−year runoff ratio (HL/HZ) and the volume of the discharge (Wq/Sq). Equations were developed interpreting the range of changes of the parameters with the increase of forest cover from 0 to 100% (fig. 1−3), and the volume of water stored by the forest per 1% of the forest cover per year was calculated. Using simplifying assumptions, the total volume of water stored per hectare of the forest in the average year was calculated to 9.05 m³. The unit cost of 1 m³ of water was determined on the basis of the lowest price which the State Forests (in the territory of the Garwolin Forest District) spent to increase the volume of the water stored in small reservoirs. No difference was made between natural and artificial water storage in terms of utility. According to such simplified calculations, the natural storage capacity of forests was estimated at 1,089 PLN per year. Apart from the water storage function, forests provide other benefits resulting from a wide range of hydrological, water−protecting effects. Water resources safeguard, inter alia, the sustainable development of forests: affect the climatic conditions, reduce the level of environmental contamination. These functions can be intensified through the use of appropriate methods of forest management.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 06; 483-490
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Grzyby w środowisku leśnym, podział na grupy ekologiczne i ocena funcji ekologicznej
    Fungi in the forest environment division of fungi into ecological groups and appraisal of their biological function
    Autorzy:
    Orlos, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/820124.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1961
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 1961, 105, 04
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ kosztów realizacji pozaprodukcyjnych funkcji lasu na sytuację ekonomiczną nadleśnictw Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Krakowie
    Effect of costs incurred on the development of non-productive forest functions on the economic situation in forest districts in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Krakow
    Autorzy:
    Kożuch, A.
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989442.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy
    funkcje lasu
    funkcje pozaprodukcyjne
    funkcje spoleczne
    edukacja przyrodniczo-lesna
    zagospodarowanie rekreacyjne
    ochrona przyrody
    koszty realizacji
    struktura kosztow
    analiza kosztow
    RDLP Krakow
    sytuacja ekonomiczna
    additional costs
    opportunity costs
    financial result
    forest function
    Opis:
    The State Forests provide financial support, mainly from funds obtained in the sale of raw timber, for activities undertaken to increase the potential of the social and ecological forest functions. The study aimed to categorize and analyse costs incurred by forest districts in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Kraków (RDSF Kraków) in the years of 2005−2009 on the development of selected non−productive forest functions, particularly nature− and forest−related education, recreation forest management and nature protection. The effect of costs falling within the above mentioned categories on the financial situation of the forest districts was also assessed. Empirical data were obtained from financial statements, reports of the Information System of the State Forests, as well as interviews and a questionnaire survey answered by the Forest Service. Direct additional costs were acquired from the accounting records. Indirect and alternative costs were deduced i.a. from results of the questionnaire survey and calculations of the raw timber volume left in forests. In the studied period, the incurred costs and potentially lost profits associated with the development of non−productive forest functions systematically increased in forest districts and attained over 18.8 mln PLN. In the costs structure, the lowest share was observed for direct additional costs (tab. 1). Indirect costs, which were recorded, however not assigned to specific account items, covered 31%. The greatest share of expenses was noted for alternative costs. In the considered period, most forest districts of RDSF Kraków showed a negative financial result (tab. 2). The adverse financial situation in the forest districts was worsened by additional and alternative costs of development of non−productive forest functions. Important financial consequences for forest economy resulted mainly from implementation of nature protection tasks (additional and alternative costs of nature protection accounted for 79% of expenses incurred on fulfilling non−productive forest functions). Additional costs of the development of non−productive forest functions covered 1.6% of total expenses. Value of unharvested timber amounted to 1.9% of income from sale of raw timber. There is a need to emphasize activities undertaken by the State Forests within the development of non−productive forest functions as well as to adjust the cost accounting system in order to facilitate calculations of indirect costs and potentially lost profits.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 12; 1010-1019
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wykorzystanie danych społecznościowej informacji geograficznej do monitorowania ruchu w przestrzeni leśnej
    Application of the Volunteered Geographic Information data to monitor traffic in the forest area
    Autorzy:
    Ciesielski, M.
    Stereńczak, K.
    Balazy, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980308.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    lasy
    tereny lesne
    uzytkowanie sportowe
    uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
    ruch turystyczny
    natezenie ruchu
    monitoring
    spolecznosciowa informacja geograficzna
    system GPS
    Sudety
    sports application
    gps
    forest recreational function
    the sudetes
    Opis:
    The purpose of this study was to present the possibilities of using available Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) created by the users of OpenStreetMap program and sports applications such as GPies.com or Endomondo to monitor the traffic in the forest area. In addition, areas where, due to high traffic, potential conflicts between different user groups may occur, were marked out. The research area covered two mountain forest districts located in the Sudetes Mountains: Szklarska Poręba and Świeradów, which due to their tourist values and an extensive network of hiking and cycling trails arouse society’s interest. In the area, 2896 unique activities divided into cycling, running and hiking were registered. It was shown that 7.3% of the length of routes used by pedestrians, 13.6% of the length of routes for runners and 11.0% of the length of routes for cyclists are characterized by high intensity of traffic, while 30.3%, 28.4% and 37.7% of routes for the indicated groups, respectively, are characterized by medium intensity of traffic. On other routes, low intensity of utilization was observed. Existing hiking and cycling trails were pointed out as the most frequently used routes. The specially designed bicycle routes, the so−called ‘Single track’, located in the Świeradów Forest District, were popular among the users. The highest traffic occurred in the morning and afternoon, on weekends and in the summer months. According to the adopted assumptions, there is a high risk of conflicts between runners and cyclists at about 1.5% of the route length as well as 2.1% of the length of routes used simultaneously by pedestrians and cyclists. It should be stated that VGI data can be used to monitor traffic in forest areas and constitute one of the elements of the decision support system (DSS). A certain weakness of VGI data from the sports applications used in this study could be the lack of the possibility of creating user profiles. Consequently that causes lack of more detailed data on this subject (age, sex, etc.). The limitation in the data useage is the privacy policy, which allows downloading only such data that has been made available for public use in the application resources.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 01; 80-88
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dane społecznościowej informacji geograficznej jako źródło informacji o wykorzystaniu lasów w aglomeracji warszawskiej
    Volunteered Geographic Information data as a source of information on the use of forests in the Warsaw agglomeration
    Autorzy:
    Ciesielski, M.
    Stereńczak, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979107.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Warsaw agglomeration
    VGI
    Flickr
    GPS
    forest recreational function
    social media
    Opis:
    The purpose of this study was to present possibilities of using available Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) created by users of Flickr to monitor activity in the forest areas within the Warsaw agglomeration. The paper indicates which forest complexes (municipal or agglomeration) were most frequently visited as well as the dates of the greatest use of forest areas in daily, weekly and monthly terms. The study objects include forest areas located in Warsaw and in 52 communes constituting the Warsaw agglomeration. The Kampinos National Park (KPN), which is under strong recreational pressure from the inhabitants of Warsaw agglomeration, was also analysed. In total, we used 1180 images from the Flickr portal in the study. The most visited place was the Kampinos National Park (18.7%), then the forest area in the Legionowo commune (10.7%), which constitute one large forest complex with forests in Choszczówka. Large, compact municipal forest complexes (e.g. Bielański and Linde (8.2%), Sobieski (7.4%) and Kabaty (5.3%)), as well as forests within the Mazowiecki Landscape Park (6.3%) were also very popular. Fraction of photos taken in municipal forests of Warsaw as well as in the agglomeration and KPN forests was larger on Saturdays and Sundays than on business days. It amounted to 51.7% and 59.3%, in forests of a given category respectively. Pictures from the agglomeration and KPN forest areas were most often taken in May (13.8%), while the least often in December (3.3%). Fraction of people visiting municipal forests of Warsaw was the largest in December (12.3%) and the lowest in July (5.0%). On a daily basis, the most activity in both categories was recorded between 11−18. The use of VGI data from the Flickr portal enabled spatial and temporal analysis of user activity in urban and suburban forests. The results obtained confirm current research using survey forms, but in contrast to them, they show the actual places visited for recreation. It should be emphasized that due to the privacy policy of portals, VGI data do not contain information about the metric and status of the user, which makes the analyses inadequate for the entire population.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 08; 695-704
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena potrzeb przebudowy drzewostanów w zależności od dominującej funkcji lasu
    Evaluation of stand conversion needs depending on the dominant function of forest
    Autorzy:
    Łopiński, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013162.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy ochronne
    przebudowa drzewostanow
    lesnictwo
    ocena
    las wielofunkcyjny
    potrzeby przebudowy
    lasy gospodarcze
    stand conversion
    silvicultural objective
    stand stability
    standing stock level
    forest functions
    conversion urgency
    Opis:
    The scope of the study embraces an analysis of conversion needs of the multifunctional forest, that is a forest without a designated priority function (Variant I) and enables selection of stands requiring conversion because of the possibility of their playing recreational, protective and productive functions (Variant II). Stand classification with regard to stand conversion and its urgency was performed on the basis of forest inventory data. The developed concept was verified on the selected stands in the Ostrów Mazowiecka Forest District. The adopted system proved useful for making the evaluation of conversion needs more objective, taking into account the specifics of the forest's primary function.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 08; 17-24
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Szacowanie gęstości objętościowej gleb górskich na podstawie zawartości węgla organicznego
    Estimation of bulk density of the mountain soils from the organic carbon content
    Autorzy:
    Kabała, C.
    Gałka, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985683.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    gleboznawstwo
    gleby gorskie
    gleby lesne
    zawartosc wegla organicznego
    gestosc objetosciowa
    szacowanie
    forest soils
    mountain soils
    bulk density
    pedotransfer function
    organic carbon
    Opis:
    The missing data on bulk density make impossible the calculations of soil water retention, organic carbon pools and evaluation of the numerical indices of soil and forest habitat fertility and potential productivity. A common reason of skipping of bulk density measurement is the high content of rock fragments in soil, in particular in the subsoil layers, that may hamper the collection of samples with undisturbed soil structure. The aim of present study was to analyse the relationships between bulk density and basic properties of mountain soils, where the problem of high skeleton content is relatively common, selection of the properties of the largest impact on the soil bulk density, and the fitting of the mathematical model (equation) that allows the prediction of soil bulk density at the highest available statistical significance. Forest soils in the Sudeten Mountains and the Sudeten Foreland, SW Poland (total number of samples N=580), situated on various bedrocks (granite, basalts, gneiss, mica schists, sandstones, mudstones, etc.) were selected to analysis. It was found in those soils featured by large variability of soil texture (the range of clay content 0−40%), skeleton content (0−74%), and organic carbon content (0.09−50%) in the soil profile, that the bulk density (having the values 0.10−1.87 g/cm3 in mineral layers and 0.04−0.58 g/cm3 in organic/litter layers) was individually correlated with the organic carbon content, skeleton content, clay content, and the depth of sampling (depth of particular soil layer), but the multifactor analysis has shown, that the organic carbon content has the highest impact on the bulk density and the organic carbon alone is sufficient for reliable prediction of soil bulk density. The best fitting of the measured and predicted bulk densities (R2=0.83) was provided by ‘dose−response’ Hill model: dv=1.72–[(2.36·Corg0.6)/(13.80.6+Corg0.6)], that returned dv values between 0.10 and 1.72 g/cm3 in a range of Corg content between 50 and 0%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 04; 320-327
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wartość rekreacyjnej funkcji lasu w świetle wyników ogólnopolskiego badania opinii społecznej
    Value of leisure-related function of forest in view of the results of nationwide survey in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Skłodowski, J.
    Gołos, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989348.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy
    funkcje lasu
    funkcje rekreacyjne
    wartosc rekreacyjna
    hipotetyczna gotowosc finansowania
    opinia spoleczna
    badania ankietowe
    ce method
    wtp
    education
    age
    respondents' financial situation
    forest management for tourist purposes
    Opis:
    Driven by social and economic changes, which have taken place for the last 30 years, the European forest management objectives have been redefined. By the action of public opinion, forest management, increasingly frequently and in a broader range, focuses on public benefits from forests. One of the most important functions is the possibility of leisure and recreation in the forest. The purpose of the research was the analysis of the hypothetical readiness to finance the leisure−related function of forest based on WTP (Willingness To Pay) amount. A question, which enabled the assessment of a social value of leisure−related function of forest, was asked to a random−quota sample of 1000 people over 18 years of age during the nationwide survey carried out in 2013 by TNS Polska. Out of 1000 respondents, the WTP>0 was declared by 29% respondents. Surveyed persons indicating forest with poorer infrastructure declared higher values calculated per household (PLN 13.59 ±0.84) than respondents who selected a better managed forest (PLN 12.86 ±0.88, PLN 12.91 ±1.46). The average WTP amount per person for respondents with the university degree (bachelor and master degree) was PLN 6.23 ±0.48, whereas for respondents with lower education, it was on the level of PLN 5.26 ±0.25. The average WTP also depended on the age of respondents. It was PLN 11.42 ±1.43 for 20−year−olds per family, whereas for 40−year−olds it was PLN 14.16 ±1.05. The average WTP per person increased along with the age of respondents; from PLN 4.37 ±0,42 (20−year−olds) to PLN 6.00 ±1.11 (80−year−olds). Disregarding the top WTP value per household of respondents in the worst financial situation (20.00 ±10.00), the average WTP value per household increased from PLN 10.26 ±1.69 (in poor financial situation) to PLN 14.55 ±2.97 (very well−off).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 09; 759-766
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rekreacyjna funkcja lasów Nadleśnictwa Krynki w opinii publicznej
    Recreational function of forests in the Krynki Forest District in the public opinion
    Autorzy:
    Gołos, P.
    Sikora, A.T.
    Konieczny, A.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    funkcje lasu
    funkcje rekreacyjne
    zagospodarowanie rekreacyjne
    opinia publiczna
    leśnictwo
    Nadleśnictwo Krynki
    RDLP Białystok
    timber quality variation
    defects
    pinus sylvesrtis
    Opis:
    The aim of the research was to determine the impact of selected habitat and age features on the qualitative properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The research was carried out on forest stands from the Olesno, Wymiarki and Kalisz Pomorski forest districts (western Poland). The collected data provided information on technical and dimensional properties as well as quality classes for logs from Scots pine stands. The severity of the occurrence of seven basic wood defects, identified on the perimeter and length of the model log was identified and described. The collected data was used to determine the distribution of defect groups. For distributions of defect groups, normal distribution criteria were met. For the Scots pine assortments, the ANOVA showed that the hypothesis of the occurrence of an equal number of defects on the side of the logs in three separated classes of WA0, WB0 and WC0 of the quality of the raw material should be rejected. For the Tukey test, the results indicate that there is no reason to reject this hypothesis. The obtained p−value in this case is 0.09 for WB0 and WC0. There was no influence of the diameter of the logs and the habitat on the number of defects. Number of defect groups is correlated with the distance from the butt in Kalisz Pomorski and Wymiarki forest districts but not in Olesno. In that case the increase in the number of defect groups has its maximum in the zone of 6−8 m of the log length.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 11; 913-923
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wycena pozaprodukcyjnych funkcji lasu metodą warunkową na przykładzie funkcji turystycznej
    Valuation of non-wood forest functions by a contingent method on the example of a tourist function
    Autorzy:
    Mandziuk, A.
    Parzych, S.
    Studnicki, M.
    Radomska, J.
    Gruchała, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985755.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy
    funkcje lasu
    funkcje pozaprodukcyjne
    funkcje turystyczne
    wycena
    metody wyceny
    metoda warunkowa
    non−market value
    payment card
    willingness−to−pay
    tourism
    ‘nad tanwią' nature reserve
    Opis:
    The perception of forests has changed in recent years. The non−wood services of forests gain more and more importance. Society pays more attention to the protective and social aspects of forestry. Hence, there is the need for their valuation. The aim of the research was to determine the economic value of the tourist function of the ‘Nad Tanwią’ nature reserve (south−eastern Poland) using a contingent valuation method (CVM). The objective reserve is a strict reserve with an area of 41.3 hectares. In order to determine its tourist value we conducted a survey that included a group of 341 tourists resting in this area. The research was carried out from May to September 2017. The CVM method uses a questionnaire as a tool to show respondents’ Willingness−To−Pay (WTP). The research used a variant of the CVM method in the form of a Payment Card. We used classification and regression trees for the statistical analysis. The method compiled data on the amount of hypothetical contributions for reserve protection (WTP) and the amount of contributions in the case of doubling the respondents’ income (WTP2). As a result of data analysis, the WTP model was built. The respondents reported the need of 14 types of visits in terms of their duration, most often they preferred short visits of up to 3 days. The demand for recreation in the reserve was determined using the regression equation: Sd=(29.87679/N)–0.12102. Hypothetical propensity to pay contributions for the protection of the ‘Nad Tanwią’ nature reserve was confirmed by 46% of respondents, while the remaining ones were against paying fees for this purpose. The average fee for all visits was PLN 27.51. The value of non−market benefits per person was PLN 340/year, and for the group of respondents it was around PLN 116,000. The valuation of all functions of forests is important from a practical point of view, as it supports foresters in making decisions about the right direction of forest management. In addition, forest areas covered by various forms of nature conservation are an important place of recreation for tourists.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 12; 1025-1034
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mykobiota w obrębie strzał zamierających świerków w Leśnym Kompleksie Promocyjnym "Puszcza Białowieska" i jej ekologiczne funkcje
    Mycobiota in trunks of dying spruce trees in the 'Puszcza Bialowieska' Promotional Forest Complex and its ecological function
    Autorzy:
    Kowalski, T.
    Sowa, J.
    Łakomy, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985739.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    fitopatologia lesna
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    drzewa zamierajace
    strzaly drzew
    czynniki chorobotworcze
    grzyby mikroskopowe
    Ascomycota
    Basidiomycota
    lesne kompleksy promocyjne
    Lesny Kompleks Promocyjny Puszcza Bialowieska
    norway spruce
    dying trees
    blue stain
    ascomycota
    basidiomycota
    ophiostomatoid fungi
    wood rot
    Opis:
    The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreak observed in the ‘Puszcza Białowieska’ Promotional Forest Complex since 2012 resulted in a total volume of 1.4 million m3 of dead trees in multiple spruce stands. The study aimed to assess the species composition of fungi occurring in spruce trunks at early stages of European spruce bark beetle attack. All the samples used in laboratory analyses were collected in 2016 and 2017 in Białowieża, Browsk, and Hajnówka forest districts. A total of 60 dying spruces selected at random were sampled providing 120 samples. Surface−sterilised samples were used in fungal isolations using malt extract agar medium. The resulting colonies were identified morphologically, additional molecular identification was carried out for representatives of morphotypes using ITS rDNA fragment. In addition to these analyses, the frequently occurring basidiomycete fungi on recently died spruce trees were identified based on the morphology of fruiting bodies. One of the most common symptoms observed on trunks of spruces at the early stages of dieback was the occurrence of sapstains starting from bark beetle galleries. In some trunks the stained wood sections were separated by rusty−red stripes. A total of 51 fungal species including 40 ascomycetes and 11 basidiomycetes were isolated from dying spruce trunks. The number of ascomycete species included 16 ophiostomatoid fungi (members of Ophiostomatales and Microascales). The frequently occurring species in this group were: Endoconidiophora polonica (=Ceratocystis polonica) (17.5%), Grosmannia penicillata (20.8%), Ophiostoma brunneolum (9.2%), O. piceae (5.8%) and O. abieticola (4.2%). Among other ascomycetes only three species were frequently isolated: Neonectria fuckeliana (15.0%), Clonostachys rosea (13.3%) and Cosmospora viridescens (9.2%). The rusty−red coloured areas harboured primarily Amylostereum areolatum and Stereum sanguinolentum. The most frequently detected basidiomycete fungus on trunks at the initial stages of dieback was Cylindrobasidium sp. (=Gloeocystidium ipidophilum), whereas Fomitopsis pinicola was the most frequent species on spruce trunks dead for some years, either standing or wind−snapped. We emphasise the potential role of the detected fungi in forest ecosystems of the Białowieża Forest, both as potential tree pathogens and decomposers of spruce debris remaining in the stand.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 06; 496-507
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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