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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Development of the leaf blades of Acer platanoides in industrially contaminated environment
    Autorzy:
    Dineva, S B
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41665.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Norway maple
    Acer platanoides
    leaf blade
    air pollution
    sulphur dioxide
    environment pollution
    industrial pollution
    industrially contaminated air
    Opis:
    Leaf blades of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), growing in heavily polluted industrial area have been studied for anatomical changes developed under the influence of the industrial contamination (with SO2, NxOx, Pb, As). The aim of the examination was to reveal the dynamics in the development of leaf blades and to trace the impact of the contaminated air on the leaf structure of Norway maple. The conducted study registered acceleration of the vegetative growth of the leaf blades that is manifested through approximately two weeks earlier appearance of leaves on the tree, faster linear growth and strengthened the xeromorphic traits in the leaf structure of the tree plants from the contaminated region. The observed changes are regarded as adaptation of the plant to the polluted environment, i.e. as tolerance.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2006, 55; 25-32
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Growth and development of the leaf blades of Acer tataricum in industrially contaminated environment
    Autorzy:
    Dineva, S B
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41080.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Tatarian maple
    Acer tataricum
    air pollution
    sulphur dioxide
    plant growth
    plant development
    vegetation season
    leaf blade
    environment pollution
    gaseous pollution
    Opis:
    During one vegetative season, the growth and the development of the leaf blades of Tatarian maple (Acer tataricum L.) from heavily polluted area has been studied. The region under investigation was contaminated mainly with SO2, NxOx, Pb, Zn, and Cu etc. The aim of the study was to compare the growth and the development of the leaf blades of Acer tataricum L. (Tatarian maple) from polluted field with those from non-polluted. Base on this to assess its tolerance to polluted conditions of the atmosphere, as well as to look for adaptive responses. The conducted study registered shorter time of the vegetative growth of the leaf blades in the commencement stages of the vegetative development. The leaves from polluted site had emergence approximately two weeks earlier compared with these from the control area. Faster linear growth of the leaf surfaces in the commencement stages of the development had been noted for the trees from polluted field. The spongy mesophyll had been reduced, as well as the common thickness of the leaf blades of the tree plants from the contaminated region. The observed changes are regarded as adaptation of the plant to the polluted environment, i.e. as tolerance.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2005, 54; 3-10
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes of Abies alba crown state and stand quality class in the Sudety Mountains
    Autorzy:
    Filipiak, M
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41245.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Sudetes Mountains
    fir
    Abies alba
    forest decline
    stand quality class
    industrial pollution
    environment pollution
    acid fog
    plant regeneration
    air pollution
    Opis:
    Sudeteny Mts. are a region where the level of industrial air pollution was very high due to brown coal combustion. In this paper I presents the assessments concerning the fir stand quality class and crown vitality.The study were carried out between 1999 and 2001 and supplemented with studies made in 1997 and 2005. My conclusions are based on measurements of 3529 fir trees representing 481 populations of this species in different parts of the Sudety Mts. The stand quality class of the fir in the Sudety Mts. are better than expected but about 0,5 degree lower than in the Carpathians. Our results confirm the reports concerning the strong and very strong damage of fir crowns in the Sudety Mts. in the 1990’s. It was calculated that the average fir in the Sudety Mts. stands has a primary crown with a length that is approximately 19% of the total tree height and which is damaged in approximately 36%. At approximately 23% of the total height the average fir develops a regeneration crown. An additional factor which contributed to fir damage was their frequent presence in thinned stands. In these places the process of crown reconstruction from a wide to a denser is observed. In the recent years the level of industrial pollution in the Sudety Mts. has been strongly reduced. This particularly concerns sulphur oxides. This has contributed to the improvement of the crown health of the studied species, but the crown regeneration is slower than the trunk diameter increment. The crown damages have so far been proportional to the altitude. Trees which grow in stands located in lower areas have healthier crowns. Trees which grow in broken canopy and on hilltops are more vulnerable to the impact of pollution carried by wind and fog. The severe damage to the top parts of the crown has a negative effect on the cone crop of the fir.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2005, 54; 11-17
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Diversity of spruce ectomycorrhizal morphotypes in four mature forest stands in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Karlinski, L
    Kieliszewska-Rokicka, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41194.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Polska
    air pollution
    mature forest stand
    forest stand
    ectomycorrhizal diversity
    Picea abies
    Norway spruce
    forest type
    environment pollution
    soil
    Opis:
    Ectomycorrhizal communities structure of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. (Karst.) was studied in four mature forest stands: Brenna, Salmopol, Zwierzyniec and Mirachowo. Morphological classification was used to distinguish the major mycorrhizal types associated with spruce in different forest types. Three of the foreststands were located within the natural geographical range of Norway spruce (Brenna, Salmopol, Zwierzyniec) and one (Mirachowo) was located in so-called “spruce-less zone”. The sites differed in terms of environmental pollution. The mountain sites (Brenna, Salmopol) were characterized by relatively high levels of air pollution. The upland forest stand (Zwierzyniec), located in the southeastern part of Poland, was affected by a moderate pollution. The lowland stand in northern Poland (Mirachowo) was free from direct impact of anthropogenic pollution. The level of mycorrhizal colonization was 100% at all the study sites. Thirty-seven mycorrhizal morphotypes were distinguished in total. The number of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes varied between sites from 12 in Salmopol to 28 in Zwierzyniec. From one to three dominant morphotypes were found at the study site. Site-specific morhotypes were also observed. The frequency of mycorrhizal morphotypes differed between the forest stands.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2004, 51; 25-35
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of elevated temperature and fluorine pollution on relations between the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides)
    Autorzy:
    Grzebyta, J
    Karolewski, P.
    Zytkowiak, R.
    Giertych, M.J.
    Werner, A.
    Zadworny, M.
    Oleksyn, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    pedunculate oak
    Quercus robur
    environment pollution
    phenol
    tannin
    lignin
    carbohydrate
    starch
    nitrogen
    fluorine
    oak powdery mildew
    Microsphaera alphitoides
    soil pollution
    Opis:
    Effects of elevated temperature and soil pollution with fluorine on host-pathogen relations were studied in seedlings of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) inoculated with oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) and control seedlings. The plants were grown for 1month in elevated temperature (on average by 1.6°C) and soil pollution with sodium fluoride (330 ppm F). The above factors did not have any significant effect on nitrogen content of leaves or on concentrations of metabolites favourable to growth and development of the fungal pathogen (total non-structural carbohydrates, including soluble carbohydrates and starch) and those unfavourable to fungi (soluble phenols, condensed tannins and lignins). The elevated temperature and fluorine pollution did not affect the leaf infection rate. However, a significant temperature × pollution interaction was observed in inoculated seedlings. At the elevated temperature, fluorine caused a less severe infection by powdery mildew. This could be due to a direct toxic effect of fluorine on the pathogen or by an indirect influence, resulting from changes in levels of other metabolites, which were not analysed in this study. The inoculation of oak seedlings with powdery mildew caused a decline in the carbohydrate content of leaves but did not have any significant effect on levels of other analysed metabolites. However, it significantly affected the distribution of phenols and lignins in oak leaves. Those compounds accumulated within necrotic lesions and in adjacent cells. Our results do not enable drawing definite conclusions on effects of a slight rise in temperature and a relatively low level of fluorine pollution of the soil on relations between the pedunculate oak and oak powdery mildew. Lower values of the leaf infection rate in seedlings growing in elevated temperature and fluorine pollution suggest that in warmer years a lower level of infection by M. alphitoides may be expected in areas affected by fluorine pollution.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2005, 53; 27-33
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of aluminium and copper on the development of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) cultured in vitro and in vivo
    Autorzy:
    Bojarczuk, K
    Szczygiel, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41028.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    environment pollution
    industrial pollution
    tree
    birch
    Betula pendula
    plant development
    soil pollution
    toxic metal
    aluminium
    copper
    in vivo culture
    in vitro culture
    Opis:
    Adventitious bud cultures were established by using buds of a selected birch clone (Betula pendula Roth.) resistant to industrial pollution. The Murashige and Skoog medium (1/2 and 1/4 MS) was used for multiplication and rooting of shoots. Aluminium was added to the medium, in the form of aluminium sulphate (50–100 mg Al dm–3), and birch culture was continued in vitro for over 12 months. The shoots developed on media with aluminium (Al+) proved to be more tolerant to aluminium and copper (added to the medium as nitrates or sulphates, at a concentration of 0.05–2.0 mM) during multiplication and rooting than those developed on media without aluminium (Al–). Rooted birch microcuttings obtained from cultures on media with aluminium (Al+) grew better in the soil from an unpolluted area (Zwierzyniec, Z) and from an area polluted by a phosphate fertilise factory (Luboń, L) than those from media without aluminium (Al–).
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2004, 51; 3-8
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Leaf blade structure and the tolerance of Acer negundo L. (box elder) to the polluted environment
    Autorzy:
    Dineva, S B
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41089.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    polluted air
    polluted environment
    sulphur dioxide
    stress factor
    box-elder
    Acer negundo
    industrial emission
    environment pollution
    leaf blade structure
    stress tolerance
    Opis:
    Polluted air is a stress factor that contributes to the decline of urban trees. Air pollution may cause short-term (acute) damage, which is immediately visible and long-term (chronic) damage, which can lead to gradual tree decline. Long-term damage may predispose trees to other disorders. The impact of technogenic factors on the leaf’s anatomical structure of Acer negundo L. (Box elder) was studied. The thickness of the upper cuticle is increased when compared to those from an ecologically pure area. A change in the rate of mesophyll tissue is due to the enlargement of the palisade parenchyma. The thickness of lower epidermal cells is decreased. All changes of the leaf blade structure are significant and are in direction of increasing the xerophyte characteristics of the leaves. Box elder is native to much of temperate North America. This is a tree of lowlands and wet hardwood forests. As such, we can assume that the registered changes are adaptive responses of the tree to the contaminated environment and that the tree can be considered to be relatively tolerant.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2005, 53; 11-16
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) needles to environment pollution with flourine compounds
    Reakcja igieł sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris), świerka pospolitego (Picea abies) i daglezji zielonej (Pseudotsuga menziesii) na zanieczyszczenie środowiska przez związki fluoru
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, P.
    Siepak, J.
    Gramowska, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41105.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Norway spruce
    Scotch pine
    fluorine compound
    needle
    environment pollution
    Pinus sylvestris
    tree
    Pseudotsuga menziesii
    Picea abies
    Douglas fir
    fir
    Opis:
    The objective of the study was to determine differences in the response of trees of three species: Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Pseudotsuga taxifolia to environment pollution with fluorine compounds. The amounts of free and complexed fluorine (FA) and total fluorine (FB) were determined in the needles of trees of the three species growing in a polluted area and in an area considered free from pollution. The results of this study showed that Douglas fir is a greater sensitivity to fluorine compounds than Norway spruce and Scots pine, despite its high resistance to fluorine absorption. Estimation of the degree of environment pollution on the basis visible injury and the content of fluorine compounds in needles is discussed. The results were supplemented with observations of lily of the valley (Convallaria maialis) – a plant particularly sensitive to injury by fluorine compounds.
    Celem badań było określenie zróżnicowania w reakcji drzew sosny zwyczajnej, świerka pospolitego i daglezji zielonej, na wpływ związków fluoru. Analizowano zawartości fluoru wolnego i związanego kompleksowo (FA) oraz całkowitego (FB) w igłach drzew rosnących w terenie skażonym oraz uznanym za wolny od wpływu zanieczyszczeń. Wyniki tych badań wskazują na większą wrażliwość daglezji niż świerka i sosny mimo, że charakteryzuje się ona znaczną odpornością na pochłanianie fluoru. W pracy dyskutowana jest możliwość wykorzystywania obserwacji widocznych objawów uszkodzeń i pomiarów zawartości fluorków, do oceny stopnia skażenia środowiska przez związki fluoru. W badaniach dodatkowo uwzględniono konwalię – jako roślinę wskaźnikową na ten typ zanieczyszczeń.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2000, 45
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative studies of the leaf morphology and structure of white ash Fraxinus americana L. and London plane tree Platanus acerifolia Willd growing in polluted area
    Autorzy:
    Dineva, S B
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41005.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    white ash
    Fraxinus americana
    London planetree
    Platanus acerifolia
    leaf
    industrial area
    industrial pollution
    heavy polluted industrial area
    air pollution
    leaf morphology
    leaf structure
    leaf anatomy
    environment pollution
    Opis:
    The leaf blades of white ash Fraxinus americana L. and London plane tree Platanus acerifolia Willd. growing in heavy polluted industrial areas were studied for morphological and anatomical changes developed under the influence of industrial contamination. The aim of the investigation was to determine and compare the influences of air polluted with SO2, NxOx, Pb, As, Zn, Cu etc. on the morphology and the structure of the leaves of these deciduous trees. Both species are tolerant to environmental changes but with different environmental characteristics and tolerances and they are widely used for planting. Under polluted conditions, the trees strengthened the anatomic xeromorphic characteristics of their leaf structures, which gave them the opportunity to mitigate the stressful conditions of the environment. The observed responses are regarded as adaptive and compensative to the adverse effects of air pollution.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2004, 52; 3-8
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Content of carotenoids in needles of Pinus sylvestris L. growing in a polluted area
    Autorzy:
    Matysiak, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41281.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    beta-carotene
    violaxanthin
    polluted area
    carotenoid content
    needle
    neoxanthin
    growing
    Pinus sylvestris
    environment pollution
    lutein
    thin-layer chromatography
    heavy metal
    Opis:
    Carotenoids (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene) present in plant cell play a role in photoprotection. Industrial pollution causes oxidative stress in plants, while carotenoids react with free radicals and dissipate the excess of excitation energy. In this way carotenoids prevent the negative influence of free radicals on metabolism and can even restore some of the damages. This is confirmed by results of our analysis of the level of xanthophylls in 16 and 17-year-old trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Developed from seed collected in north-eastern, the trees grow in a relatively unpolluted control site, and in a polluted site located 2 km for away from the Phosphorus Fertilizer Works. In the polluted site the environment is contaminated with SO2, NOx and F, Al, F, Pb, Cu. The needles analysed in this study were visually undamaged. Material was collected in experimental plot from 6 trees in October'98 and April'99, between 12.00 and 13.00 hours, at full sunlight. The pigments were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively by thin-layer chromatography. The paper presents results of content and distribution of neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene of Scots pine needles from a healthy control tree and a stressed tree. Marked differences in pigment levels depended on the stage of needle development and level of pollution.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2001, 46
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of fulvic and humic organic acids and calcium on growth and chlorophyll content of tree species grown under salt stress
    Autorzy:
    Marosz, A
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41691.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    tree species
    chlorophyll content
    salinity stress
    ornamental tree
    fulvic organic acid
    humic organic acid
    calcium
    growth
    salt
    soil erosion
    environment pollution
    mineral nutrition
    plant
    physiological process
    Opis:
    The use of salt to malt ice has definite effects on the environment. Some of these environmental effects are: soil erosion, environmental pollution, changes in mineral nutrition or general destruction of the physiological processes of plants. This use of salt has a negative impact on roadside vegetation and sustainability. The objective of the presented study was to investigate the effects of fulvic and humic organic acids as well as the calcium on growth and chlorophyll content of seven tree species grown under salt stress. Two year old seedlings of – Acer campestre, Aer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala, Ginkgo biloba, Platanus ×hispanica 'Acerifolia' and Tilia cordata were planted to plastic pots (2 dm3 vol). They were planted outdoors in a growing medium compound which had high sphagnum peat, grainy sand and composted pine bark. Salinity stress was maintained by irrigating plants with tap water containing 3.3 g NaCl/L H2O. Different organic fertilizers were used to redce the risk of nutritional stress caused by salinity. Salinity in the growing medium limited the growth of two maple species and littleleaf linden. In other species such A. campestre, A. tataricum ssp. ginnala, G. biloba there were no significant differences when compared to the control group of plants. Severe leaf damage was observed on A. paltanoides where leaf burning was seen on up to 30%of the leaf blade surface. The response to salinity of other species like A. pseudoplatanus, A. tataricum ssp. ginnala, and T. cordata was less evident. Humic organic acids applied alone to the growing medium improved the growth of all the maple species when compared to the control group. A calcium had the best effect on the growth of all tested trees except A. tataricum ssp. ginnala and G. biloba. The chlorophyll content index (CCI) differed according to the growing medium treatment and the species. The total CCI ranged from 9.62 for the control plants P. ×hispanica 'Acerifolia' to 52.64 for G. biloba which had been treated with a calcium. Application of organic fertilizers to the salt treated growing medium increased the CCI in many species.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2009, 62; 47-53
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of canopy density on the defoliation of the European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) due to heavy industrial pollution
    Autorzy:
    Filipiak, M
    Napierala-Filipiak, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41603.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    silver fir
    European silver fir
    Abies alba
    canopy density
    defoliation
    air pollution
    industrial pollution
    crown defoliation
    crown regeneration
    ecology
    heavy industrial pollution
    environment protection
    Opis:
    Until recently, the level of industrial air pollution in the Sudetes (a mountain range extending on the Czech Republic and Poland border) was very high.This caused a large-scale forest decline, especially in the western part of the Polish Sudetes: in the Izerskie and Karkonosze Mts. An analysis of data on fir defoliation in that area, collected directly after the period of heavy industrial pollution, showed a clear dependence of the degree of defoliation of the primary crown on canopy density: the lower the density, the higher the degree of defoliation.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2009, 62; 17-22
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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