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Tytuł:
The Effect of Non-Metallic Inclusions Formed as a Result of Deoxidation on the Fatigue Strength of 15CrNi6 and 16MnCr5 Steel
Autorzy:
Lipa, S.
Sawicki, J.
Dybowski, K.
Pietrasik, R.
Januszewicz, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fatigue strength
non-metallic inclusions
thermo-chemical treatment
Opis:
This paper presents the findings of fatigue strength tests of 15CrNi6 steel following low-pressure carburizing and oil quenching, subjected to cycles of one-sided three-point bending. The fatigue fractures were compared with the results of fatigue strength studies of 16MnCr5 steel following low-pressure carburizing and nitrogen quenching. The fatigue tests for 16MnCr5 steel were conducted as part of a high-cycle resonance test, with a pendular bending load. The study also involved an analysis of the effects on non-metallic inclusions in the structure on the mechanism of fatigue destruction. The inclusions were found to initiate fatigue cracks. In both cases, a similar method of a fatigue fissure initiation was observed, independent of the study method or specimen material.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1345-1350
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of electro slag remelting on 14 109 steel properties
Autorzy:
Pribulova, A.
Futáš, P.
Kmita, A.
Márasová, D.
Holtzer, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
electroslag remelting
slag
non-metallic inclusions
mechanical properties
chemical composition
Opis:
The Electro Slag Remelting (ESR) is one of the remelting processes in the field of metal refinery. In this process, the slag plays various roles, such as heat generation, protection of melt, and chemical refining. The main objective of the experiments described in this article was to identify the most appropriate slag composition for the electro slag remelting of the steel in order to achieve the chemical composition compliant with the standard applicable to the given steel, minimum sulphur content, minimum contents of oxide and sulphide inclusions, as well as mechanical properties corresponding to the standard applicable to the steel STN 14 109. Ten electrodes were remelted, whereas the remelting was carried out under 8 slags. The used slags containing 70% of CaF2 and 30% of Al2O3 with different addition of CaO, the slags consisted of the same components as previous slags, whereas the ratio of individual components was 1:1:1, and with SiO2 and MgO and slag without Al2O3. With regard to all the above mentioned facts, the slag types which may be regarded as the most appropriate for the STN 14 109 steel remelting are the basic slags containing 70% of CaF2 - 30% of Al2O3 with added 30 and 45 weight % of CaO.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 181-185
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interaction of Non-Metallic Inclusion Particles with Advancing Solidification Front
Oddziaływanie cząstek wydzieleń niemetalicznych z postępującym frontem krzepnięcia
Autorzy:
Kalisz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354360.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
solidification front
non-metallic inclusions
forces
front krzepnięcia
wydzielenie niemetaliczne
siła
Opis:
This work deals the phenomenon interaction of crystallization front on the particles of non-metallic precipitates. The behavior of a single particle in the vicinity of horizontal and vertical front was analyzed. The forces acting on the particle were characterized and the equilibrium condition formulated, from which the critical velocity of front may be deduced. The calculation results were illustrated in the form of graphs.
Praca zajmuje się zjawiskiem oddziały wania przemieszczającego frontu krystalizacji na cząstki wydzieleń niemetalicznych. Analizowano zachowanie pojedynczej cząstki wydzielenia w pobliżu poziomego i pionowego frontu. Scharakteryzowano siły działające na cząstkę w pobliżu frontu i sformułowano warunek równowagi, z którego wynika szybkość krytyczna frontu. Wyniki obliczeń zilustrowano w postaci wykresów.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 2; 493-500
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corrosion Resistance and Pitting Behaviour of Low-Carbon High-Mn Steels in Chloride Solution
Autorzy:
Grajcar, A.
Grzegorczyk, B.
Kozłowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high-Mn steel
non-metallic inclusions
SEM
polarization
pitting
effects of strain
Opis:
Corrosion resistance of the X4MnSiAlNbTi27-4-2 and X6MnSiAlNbTi26-3-3 type austenitic steels, after hot deformation as well as after cold rolling, were evaluated in 3.5% NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization tests. A type of nonmetallic inclusions and their pitting corrosion behaviour were investigated. Additionally, the effect of cold deformation on the corrosion resistance of high-Mn steels was studied. The SEM micrographs revealed that corrosion damage formed in both investigated steels is characterized by various shapes and an irregular distribution at the metallic matrix, independently on the steel state (thermomechanically treated or cold worked). Corrosion pits are generated both in grain interiors, grain boundaries and along the deformation bands. Moreover, corrosion damage is stronger in cold deformed steels in comparison to the thermomechanically treated specimens. EDS analysis revealed that corrosion pits preferentially nucleated on MnS and AlN inclusions or complex oxysulphides. The morphology of corrosion damage in 3.5% NaCl supports the data registered in potentiodynamic tests.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2A; 825-832
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wtrącenia niemetaliczne w staliwie topionym w małym piecu indukcyjnym
Non-metallic Inclusions in Cast Steel Melted in a Small Induction Furnace
Autorzy:
Suchoń, J.
Studnicki, A.
Szajnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
staliwo
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
dodatki stopowe
cast steel
non-metallic inclusions
alloying additives
Opis:
Czynnikiem decydującym o jakości wielu stopów w tym szczególnie staliwa jest ilość, wielkość i rodzaj wtrąceń niemetalicznych. W prezentowanej pracy podjęto próbę określenia jak wpływają skład chemiczny, dodatki stopowe oraz sposób prowadzenia wytopu na ilość i rodzaj wtrąceń niemetalicznych.
Determinant of the quality of many alloys in particular cast a number of magnitude and type of non-metallic inclusions. In the present study attempts to determine how they affect the chemical composition, alloying elements and the manner in which the melt of the number and type of non-metallic inclusions.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 2 spec.; 93-97
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of the Diameter and Spacing Between Impurities on the Fatigue Strength Coefficient of Structural Steel
Autorzy:
Lipiński, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
steel
structural steel
non-metallic inclusions
oxide impurities
fatigue strength coefficient
bending fatigue
Opis:
The article discusses the effect of the diameter and spacing between impurities (size up to 2 μm) on the fatigue strength coefficient of structural steel during rotary bending. The study was performed on 21 heats produced in an industrial plant. Fourteen heats were produced in 140 ton electric furnaces, and 7 heats were performed in a 100 ton oxygen converter. All heats were desulfurized. Seven heats from electrical furnaces were refined with argon, and heats from the converter were subjected to vacuum circulation degassing. Steel sections with a diameter of 18 mm were hardened for 30 minutes from the austenitizing temperature of 880°C and tempered at a temperature of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C. The experimental variants were compared in view of the applied melting technology and heat treatment options. The results were presented graphically and mathematically to account for the correlations between the fatigue strength coefficient during rotary bending, the diameter of and spacing between submicroscopic impurities. Equations for calculating the fatigue strength coefficient at each tempering temperature and a general equation for all tempering temperatures were proposed. Equations for estimating the fatigue strength coefficient based on the relative volume of submicroscopic non-metallic inclusions were also presented. The relationship between the fatigue strength and hardness of highgrade steel vs. the quotient of the diameter of impurities and the spacing between impurities, and the fatigue strength and hardness of steel vs. the relative volume of submicroscopic non-metallic impurities were determined.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 519-524
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of multi-hole filter modification on the flow hydrodynamic structure and refining process of liquid steel in the one-strand tundish
Autorzy:
Bartosiewicz, M.
Cwudziński, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
tundish
continuous steel casting
multi-hole filter
liquid steel flow
non-metallic inclusions
Opis:
In this work, the authors proposed a modification of the working space one-strand tundish adapted for slab casting process. Numerical simulations of liquid steel flow in the considered flow reactor were performed. The tundish is equipped with a dam with a multi-hole filter. Two variants of the filter hole arrangement were tested and their effect on the liquid steel flow hydrodynamic structure in the tundish was examined. The computer calculations results were verified by performing experiments on the water model. The result of numerical and physical simulations an RTD (Residence Time Distribution) type F curve was generated, which define the transition zone between the cast steel grades during the sequential casting process. The results of the researches showed that the modification of a dam with a multi-hole filter affects on the formation of the liquid steel flow hydrodynamic structure and the transition zone. Furthermore, examinations of the liquid steel refining ability in the considered tundish were carried out. The influence of the filter holes arrangement on the non-metallic inclusions flotation process to the slag phase and liquid steel filtration processes was checked. Numerical simulations were performed in the Ansys-Fluent computer program.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 71-78
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling of Precipitate Oxide and Sulfide Inclusions Formation in Liquid Steel
Autorzy:
Didenchuk, D.
Kalisz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
yttrium
non-metallic inclusions
oxide
sulfide
FactSage
itr
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
tlenek
siarczek
program FactSage
Opis:
The behaviour of non-metallic inclusions MnO, MnS, FeS, Al2O3, SiO2, Y2O3,Y2S3 in liquid steel were modelled in commercial software FactSage. It allowed for calculating and designing diagrams of dependence of inclusions formation from the concentration of yttrium in determined limits of aluminium and oxygen. As a result, the influence of the increasing yttrium concentration on the precipitations of oxide and sulfide inclusions is observed. The behavior of precipitation the another analyzed oxides and sulfides is also observed in liquid steel, giving a full composition in non-metallic inclusions, formatted in specified conditions. The amounts of mass fractions of Y2O3 and Y2S3 are increasing at the growing Y in liquid steel, which shows the active formation of these inclusions.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 19-22
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-Metallic Inclusions and Hot-Working Behaviour of Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Steels
Autorzy:
Grajcar, A.
Woźniak, D.
Kozłowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
medium-Mn steel
steel cleanliness
non-metallic inclusions
bainitic steel
hot rolling
retained austenite
Opis:
The work addresses the production of medium-Mn steels with an increased Al content. The special attention is focused on the identification of non-metallic inclusions and their modification using rare earth elements. The conditions of the thermomechanical treatment using the metallurgical Gleeble simulator and the semi-industrial hot rolling line were designed for steels containing 3 and 5% Mn. Hot-working conditions and controlled cooling strategies with the isothermal holding of steel at 400°C were selected. The effect of Mn content on the hot-working behaviour and microstructure of steel was addressed. The force-energetic parameters of hot rolling were determined. The identification of structural constituents was performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. The addition of rare earth elements led to the total modification of non-metallic inclusions, i.e., they replaced Mn and Al forming complex oxysulphides. The Mn content in a range between 3 and 5% does not affect the inclusion type and the hot-working behaviour. In contrast, it was found that Mn has a significant effect on a microstructure.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2A; 811-820
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Technological Parameters of X70 Stainless Steel Ladle Refining on the Residual Content of Non-Metallic Inclusions
Autorzy:
Babanin, A.
Babanina, O.
Bilousov, V.
Komarov, B.
Pashchuk, D.
Shalapko, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381636.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
non-metallic inclusions
secondary refining
ladle furnace
tundish ladle
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
rafinacja wtórna
piec kadziowy
Opis:
It is demonstrated that during secondary refining at the ladle furnace the carbon content of steel and the residence time of the metal in the ladle exert a significant impact on the residual content of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in steel. Mathematical calculations showed that the dynamic forces have minor effect on the motion of small sized NMI, making it difficult to penetrate deep into the slag.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 5-10
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wide - ranging influence of mischmetal on properties of GP240GH cast steel
Autorzy:
Kasińska, J.
Gajewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
staliwo węglowe
REM
właściwości mechaniczne
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
cast carbon steel
mechanical properties
non-metallic inclusions
Opis:
This paper presents influence of rare earth metals (REM) on the properties of GP240GH cast carbon steel. The research has been performed on successive industrial melts. Each time ca 2000 kg of liquid metal was modified. The rare earth metals were put into the ladle during tapping of heat melt from the furnace. Because of this the amount of sulphur in the cast steel was decreased and the non-metallic inclusion morphology was significantly changed. It was found that non metallic inclusions the cracking mechanism of Charpy specimens and the impact strength were all changed. The following properties were tested: mechanical properties [...], plastic properties (necking, elongation) and impact strength (SCI). In the three-point bend test the KJC stress intensity factor was evaluated.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 4; 85-94
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermodynamics analysis of non-metallic inclusions formation in the liquid steel flow through continuous casting tundish
Analiza termodynamiczna tworzących się wtrąceń niemetalicznych w ciekłej stali przepływającej przez kadź pośrednią procesu COS
Autorzy:
Jowsa, J.
Cwudziński, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
kadź pośrednia
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
analiza termodynamiczna
FactSage
tundish
non-metallic inclusions
thermodynamics analysis
FactSage programme
Opis:
Experiments were conducted at industrial plant to determine the free and total oxygen contents in molten steel in the tundish during continuous casting blooms of sizes 280×280 mm. On the basis of industrial experiment results a thermodynamic evaluation of non metallic inclusion formation in liquid steel was performed. Software FactSageŽ with thermodynamic base packages were tested and applied to calculate equilibrium formation of oxides and sulphides. The results showed the effect of oxygen contents and temperature on the formation inclusion in liquid steel. Calculation results was presented in the form of suitable characteristics which were illustrated graphically.
Dla kadzi pośredniej stosowanej do odlewania wlewków kwadratowych o rozmiarach 280×280 mm przeprowadzono badania przemysłowe polegające na pobieraniu próbek metalu celem określenia zawartości tlenu w postaci rozpuszczonej i całkowitej. Na podstawie tych danych przeprowadzono analizę termodynamiczną zdolności do wydzielania się wtrąceń niemetalicznych z ciekłej stali podczas jej przebywania w kadzi pośredniej. W tym celu zastosowano program FactSageŽ wraz z odpowiednimi bazami danych termodynamicznych. W wynikach badań przedstawiono wpływ zawartości tlenu oraz temperatury na możliwość tworzenia wtrąceń niemetalicznych. Otrzymane wyniki badań przedstawiono w postaci odpowiednich charakterystyk, które zostały także zilustrowane graficznie.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 1; 277-282
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of CaSiAl Modification on the Non-metallic Inclusions and Mechanical Properties of Low-carbon Microalloyed Cast Steel
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B.
Zapała, R.
Sobula, S.
Tęcza, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
microalloyed cast steel
microstructure
mechanical property
non-metallic inclusions
staliwo mikrostopowe
mikrostruktura
właściwości mechaniczne
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
Opis:
The effect of CaSiAl modification (43-49% Ca, 43-48% Si, 2% Al) on the non-metallic inclusions and mechanical properties of cast low-carbon steel is discussed. Tests were carried out on the cast steel with 0.2% C and micro-additives of V and Nb, used mainly for heavy steel castings (e.g. slag ladles). The modifier in an amount of 1.5 and 3 kg / Mg was introduced to the liquid steel before tapping the metal into a ladle. Test ingots of Y type and a weight of 10 kg were cast and then subjected to a normalizing heat treatment. Using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the non-metallic inclusions present in as-cast samples was carried out. Additionally, tests of mechanical strength and impact strength were performed on cast steel with and without the different content of modifier. It was found that increasing the modifier addition affected impact strength but had no significant effect on tensile strength and yield strength. The material with high impact strength had the smallest area fraction of non-metallic inclusions in the microstructure (0.20%). The introduction of modifiers changed the morphology of non-metallic inclusions from dendritic to regular and nodular shapes.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 1; 47-52
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modification of non-metallic inclusions by rare-earth elements in microalloyed steels
Autorzy:
Opiela, M.
Grajcar, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
pierwiastki ziem rzadkich
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
stal mikrostopowa
rare earth elements (REE)
non-metallic inclusions
microalloyed steels
Opis:
The modification of the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions by rare-earth elements in the new-developed microalloyed steels was discussed in the paper. The investigated steels are assigned to production of forged elements by thermomechanical treatment. The steels were melted in a vaccum induction furnace and modification of non-metallic inclusions was carried out by the michmetal in the amount of 2.0 g per 1 kg of steel. It was found that using material charge of high purity and a realization of metallurgical process in vacuous conditions result in a low concentration of sulfur (0.004%), phosphorus (from 0.006 to 0.008%) and oxygen (6 ppm). The high metallurgical purity is confirmed by a small fraction of non-metallic inclusions averaging 0.075%. A large majority of non-metallic inclusions are fine, globular oxide-sulfide or sulfide particles with a mean size 17 m2. The chemical composition and morphology of non-metallic inclusions was modified by Ce, La and Nd, what results a small deformability of nonmetallic inclusions during hot-working.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 129-134
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of blowing of argon on the cleanness of steel
Autorzy:
Pribulová, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
wada odlewu
metalografia
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
argon
castings defects
metallography
non-metallic inclusions
argon blowing
argon flow rate
Opis:
The mechanical properties of steel components are controlled by the chemical composition and mechanical treatment to which the steel is submitted. Non-metallic inclusions have a very high influence on the steel quality but secondary metallurgy enables to reduce their content in the steel. Possibilities of secondary metallurgy are relatively extensive but financial situation in Slovak foundries does not enable to make investments in secondary metallurgy in the near future. Accessible means for influencing of steel quality is injection of an inert gas. Main goal of experiments described in the article was verify the influence of blowing of argon into the steel in an electric induction furnace on its cleanness. Duration and flow-rate of argon blowing have a very clearly influence on the final content of non-metallic inclusions. Minimum time of argon blowing necessary for reducing of content of non-metallic inclusions in one tonne electric induction furnace was more then 6 minutes and recommended argon flow rate was 10 litters per minute.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 3; 91-94
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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