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Tytuł:
Polish Adaptation of the Driving and Riding Avoidance Scale
Autorzy:
Błachnio, Agata
Przepiórka, Aneta
Sullman, Mark
Taylor, Joanne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
driving anxiety
the Driving and Riding Avoidance Scale
DRAS
anxiety
self-esteem
mood
Opis:
Driving anxiety is a relatively undervalued topic of research, despite the fact that it can have a substantial detrimental impact on an individuals’ life. The prevalence of driving anxiety in motor vehicle crash (MVC) survivors has been found to range from 18–77%. Although driving anxiety can develop without crash involvement, no information currently exists on the prevalence of driving anxiety in the general population. One barrier to gathering this information is that most of the instruments are designed to measure driving anxiety in MVC survivors. However, the Driving and Riding Avoidance Scale (DRAS; Stewart & St. Peter, 2004) is one instrument that shows promise as a more general measure of driving anxiety, although previous research has noted the need for some minor adaptations (Taylor & Sullman, 2009). Therefore, the present study investigated the psychometric properties of an adapted version of the DRAS and the level of driving anxiety amongst a sample of 210 Polish participants. Internal consistency for the overall DRAS was .91 and ranged from .77 to .85 for the subscales. Factor analysis of the DRAS resulted in two clear factors, with the fi rst containing driving avoidance items and the second consisting solely of riding avoidance items. Therefore it appears that the DRAS can be a useful measure of driving avoidance in samples drawn from the general population as well as MVC survivors.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 2; 185-192
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Green Driver: driving behaviors revisited on safety
Autorzy:
Muslim, N. H. B.
Shafaghat, A.
Keyvanfar, A.
Ismail, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
travel behavior
safe driving
reckless driving
driving skills and practice
green driver
index assessment model
zachowania w czasie jazdy
bezpieczna jazda
jazda lekkomyślna
umiejętności i praktyka
młody kierowca
Opis:
Interactions between road users, motor vehicles, and environment affect to driver’s travel behavior; however, frailer of proper interaction may lead to ever-increasing road crashes, injuries and fatalities. The current study has generated the green driver concept to evaluate the incorporation of green driver to negative outcomes reduction of road transportation. The study aimed to identify the green driver’s behaviors affecting safe traveling by engaging two research phases. Phase one was to identify the safe driving behaviors using Systematic literature review and Content Analysis methods. Phase one identified twenty-four (24) sub-factors under reckless driving behaviors cluster, and nineteen (19) sub-factors under safe driving practice cluster. Second phase was to establish the actual weight value of the sub-factors using Grounded Group Decision Making (GGDM) and Value Assignment (VA) methods, in order to determine the value impact of each sub-factor to green driving. Phase two resulted that sub-factors Exceeding speed limits (DB f2.2.) and Driver’s cognitive and motor skills (SD f1.2.2.) have received highest actual values, 0.64 and 0.49, respectively; ranked as the High contributor grade. Contrary, the sub-factors Age cognitive decline (DB f1.2.) and Competitive attitude (DB f1.2.), and Avoid gear snatching (SD f1.1.4.) have the lowest actual values; and ranked in low-contribution grade. The rest of the sub-factors have ranked in medium-contribution grade. The research also found out drivers’ personalities (included, physical and psychological characteristics) remains unaccountable and non-measureable yet in driver travel behavior assessment models. The study outputs would be used in development of Green Driver Index Assessment Model.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2018, 47, 3; 49-78
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimentally test bench for Tire Pressure Monitoring System : discussion of measurement and communication issues
Autorzy:
Gryś, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
automotive technology
driving safety
temperature and pressure measurements
calibration
Opis:
This paper presents a method of wireless measurement of pressure and temperature of air in a car wheel with Tire Pressure Monitoring System - one of the modern safety systems used in the automotive industry. The readings were performed on a specially designed test bench. It was described a construction and operating principle of key elements of this test bench allowing work with sensors, TPMS module, reference instruments, and the format of data and correctness of data transmission between TPMS and host computer. The created software for embedded system emulating real on-board computer let to observe the uncorrected sensor readings and the effect of calibration in two points of characteristic.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 1; 51-56
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
О движущих силах лирического дискурса
On Driving Forces behind Lyrical Discourse
Autorzy:
Zeldowicz, Gennadij
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lyrical poetry
driving forces
deviation
composition
parallelism
contrast
O. Mandelstam
M. Tsvetaeva
Źródło:
Slavia Orientalis; 2021, LXX, 1; 119-137
0037-6744
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Orientalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Experimental Bench for Testing a S-CAM Front Car Camera
Autorzy:
Gryś, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
automotive technology
driving safety
ADAS
front camera
CAN bus
traffic sign recognition
Opis:
The paper presents an experimental stand for testing the front car camera S-CAM with embedded image recognition systems. The camera sends CAN messages these are converted to USART messages by microprocessor based system. The messages are interpreted by MATLAB script on the basis of database of traffic signs in accordance with Polish Road Code. The testing stand is mainly aimed for educating students interested in the fields of electronics and technologies related to automotive branch, as well. The second objective is a research on efficiency of traffic sign recognition system being one of functionalities of S-CAM camera. The technical specification of testing stand, its functionality and limitations were also discussed. The bench operation was illustrated with examples of stiff images, animation and real movies.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 4; 755--760
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on driving behavior decision making system of autonomous driving vehicle based on benefit evaluation model
Autorzy:
Wang, Pengwei
Gao, Song
Li, Liang
Cheng, Shuo
Zhao, Hailan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
autonomous driving vehicle
decision making model
finite state machine
lane change decision
Opis:
Autonomous driving vehicle could increase driving efficiency, reduce traffic congestion and improve driving safety, it is considered as the solution of current traffic problems. Decision making systems for autonomous driving vehicles have significant effects on driving performance. The performance of decision making system is affected by its framework and decision making model. In real traffic scenarios, the driving condition of autonomous driving vehicle faced is random and time-varying, the performance of current decision making system is unable to meet the full scene autonomous driving requirements. For autonomous driving vehicle, the division between different driving behaviors needs clear boundary conditions. Typically, in lane change scenario, multiple reasonable driving behavior choices cause conflict of driving state. The fundamental cause of conflict lies in overlapping boundary conditions. To design a decision making system for autonomous driving vehicles, firstly, based on the decomposition of human driver operation process, five basic driving behavior modes are constructed, a driving behavior decision making framework for autonomous driving vehicle based on finite state machine is proposed. Then, to achieve lane change decision making for autonomous driving vehicle, lane change behavior characteristics of human driver lane change maneuver are analyzed and extracted. Based on the analysis, multiple attributes such as driving efficiency and safety are considered, all attributes benefits are quantified and the driving behavior benefit evaluation model is established. By evaluating the benefits of all alternative driving behaviors, the optimal driving behavior for current driving scenario is output. Finally, to verify the performances of the proposed decision making model, a series of real vehicle tests are implemented in different scenarios, the real time performance, effectiveness, and feasibility performance of the proposed method is accessed. The results show that the proposed driving behavior decision making model has good feasibility, real-time performance and multi-choice filtering performance in dynamic traffic scenarios.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2020, 53, 1; 21-36
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the type of place occupied by a tram passenger on the ride comfort
Autorzy:
Bakinowski, Łukasz
Firlik, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
tram
vibrations
passenger
passenger seat
driving comfort
tramwaj
wibracje
pasażer
miejsce pasażera
komfort jazdy
Opis:
In cities with developed transport infrastructure, many people use public transport in their everyday lives. In order for the passenger's journey to be comfortable and for the passenger to travel more willingly by tram than by car, many conditions must be met. A passenger must feel comfortable in a public transport vehicle, which includes, among others: appropriate temperature in the vehicle, no crowding, the possibility to seat, the possibility of a quick vehicle-change, short travel time, no noise and many others. A very important criterion from the point of view of travel comfort is also the level of vibrations in the tram. A tendency can be noticed that vehicles with a low vibration level are rated much higher by public transport passengers and citizens. Vibration itself can also be an indirect cause of noise. The greater the noise, the greater the dissatisfaction of the passenger which indicates the high role of vibrations as a factor of passenger satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The aim of the work is to test and evaluate the vibration level in the partially low-floor Moderus Beta MF 02 AC tram manufactured by the company Modertrans Poznań in Poland. Assessed was be the vibration comfort in selected points of the vehicle, including the floor and passenger seat. The level of vibrations in trams of the same type were compared. Due to the lack of specific Polish regulations regarding the permissible level of vibration in trams, an attempt was made to compare the obtained results with railway standards requirements or foreign countries requirements. The study proved that the level of vibrations differs in trams belonging to the same type. Significant damping of vibrations in the vertical direction by the passenger seat was observed. Maximum level of vibrations in the passenger area of the vehicle was observed on the floor above the bogie. It was found when comparing the values of vibration accelerations and comfort indicators with railway standards - that the Moderus Beta tram on the reference section of the track could be considered as a very comfortable vehicle.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2022, 62, 2; 49--58
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative Measurements on Loudspeaker Distortion: Current vs. Voltage Control
Autorzy:
Meriläinen, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176516.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
current driving
current control
loudspeaker distortion
current distortion
inductance non-linearity
voice coil former
Opis:
Modulation and harmonic distortion produced by ordinary moving-coil direct-radiator drive units are measured under current control and voltage control. A realistic two-tone test signal is used to investigate the detrimental effect of the voice coil electromotive forces on the voltage-to-current conversion that is critical with voltage control. Dramatic improvements in distortion performance are obtained with current control. Current nonlinearities in voltage-controlled speakers are shown to be the dominant source of modulation and odd harmonic distortions at signal frequencies above the fundamental resonance region. Currents in conductive voice coil formers also seem to be significant sources of distortion; with current control and non-conductive formers, odd harmonics and related modulation products virtually vanished in the upper midrange.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2017, 42, 1; 71-81
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real-time human in the loop MBS simulation in the Fraunhofer robot-based driving simulator
Symulacja w czasie rzeczywistym układu wieloczłonowego z człowiekiem w pętli w opartym na robocie symulatorze kierowania pojazdem opracowanym w Instytucie Fraunhofera
Autorzy:
Kleer, M
Gizatullin, A
Dreßler, K.
Müller, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
driving simulator
human in the loop
real-time MBS simulation
symulator jazdy
MBS
czas rzeczywisty
Opis:
The paper encompasses the overview of hardware architecture and the systems characteristics of the Fraunhofer driving simulator. First, the requirements of the real-time model and the real-time calculation hardware are defined and discussed in detail. Aspects like transport delay and the parallel computation of complex real-time models are presented. In addition, the interfacing of the models with the simulator system is shown. Two simulator driving tests, including a fully interactive rough terrain driving with a wheeled excavator and a test drive with a passenger car, are set to demonstrate system characteristics. Furthermore, the simulator characteristics of practical significance, such as simulator response time delay, simulator acceleration signal bandwidth obtained from artificial excitation and from the simulator driving test, will be presented and discussed.
Artykuł zawiera przeglĄd architektury sprzętowej i charakterystyk systemowych symulatora kierowania pojazdem opracowanego w Instytucie Fraunhofera. Na wstępie zdefiniowano i przedyskutowano szczegółowo wymagania dla modelu czasu rzeczywistego i obliczeń w czasie rzeczywistym. Zaprezentowano takie aspekty systemu, jak opóźnienie transportu i obliczenia równoległe złoŻonych modeli czasu rzeczywistego. Pokazano ponadto działanie interfejsu pomiędzy modelem i systemem symulatora. W celu zademonstrowania charakterystyk systemu wykonano dwa testy symulatora: w pełni interaktywny test kierowania koparkĄ kołowĄ w nierównym terenie, oraz test kierowania samochodem pasaŻerskim. Co więcej, charakterystyki symulatora majĄce znaczenie praktyczne, takie jak opóźnienie czasowe odpowiedzi symulatora, pasmo sygnału przyspieszenia symulatora wyznaczone przy sztucznym pobudzeniu i z testu kierowania pojazdem zostały zaprezentowane i przedyskutowane.
Źródło:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2014, LXI, 2; 270-285
0004-0738
Pojawia się w:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the operation states of internal combustion engine in the Real Driving Emissions test
Autorzy:
Andrych-Zalewska, Monika
Chłopek, Zdzisław
Merkisz, Jerzy
Pielecha, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
combustion engine
real driving emissions
engine operation states
silnik spalinowy
emisje spalin
stan pracy silnika
Opis:
Internal combustion engines represent the largest share of motor vehicle propulsion types. Despite the introduction of alternative drives (hybrid and electric), combustion engines will continue to be the main factor in the development of transport. Therefore, work related to their technological development and reduction of their harmful effects on human health and the environment is required. The development of internal combustion engines can be seen in two directions: technological changes resulting in increased efficiency of such engines and the second direction connected with limitation of exhaust gas emission. The present work is included in the second direction of research interests and concerns the analysis of various operating conditions of internal combustion engines. The operating states, both static and dynamic, determine the operational properties of internal combustion engines, such as fuel and energy consumption as well as pollutant emissions. Sofar, such operating conditions have only been mapped on a chassis dynamometer in various homologation tests. The course of the type approval test was known and the conditions of measurement were also known, which made it impossible to introduce a random factor into such tests. Currently, these properties are determined in tests performed in real vehicle operating conditions – RDE (Real Driving Emissions). Such tests are representing real operating conditions of motor vehicles. Limitations for performing tests in real traffic conditions are, apart from formal requirements concerning the duration and distance of individual parts, the dynamic conditions of vehicles determined by the speed and acceleration of the vehicle. The study analyzed the properties of vehicle speed processes and engine operating states in the RDE test, taking into account its individual phases – driving in urban, rural and motorway conditions. Engine operation states are the processes of the engine rotational speed and its relative torque. It was found that the dynamic properties of the vehicle speed process are much more significant than the engine operating states. It was also found that the road emission of pollutants in the RDE test, which is the property of vehicles measured in the test, the motorway phase properties have greatest impact.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2022, 61, 1; 71--88
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing the information flows and established their effects on the results of driver’s activity
Autorzy:
Afanasieva, I.
Galkin, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
EEG
driver
telephone
billboard
road advertisement
driving behaviour
kierowca
telefon
bilbordy
reklamy drogowe
zachowanie kierowcy
Opis:
The modern person in an era of information breakthrough faces the problem of choosing and processing information coming to her. Human activities in the systems "driver - vehicle - road - environment" - not an exception. The role and importance of information in all spheres of human activity have increased significantly. The paper aims to find and assess the patterns of information flow impact on the driver performance in the "driver - vehicle - road - environment" system. Electroencephalography (EEG) method using the Neurocom hardware and software complex used to determine the change in the electrical activity of the driver's brain during the processing of input information; electrocardiography method using the hardware and software complex «Cardiosens», used to determine the fatigue level of the driver during research; tabular method of double letter cancelation test, involved in determining the time of distraction from the performance of the driver's core activity in laboratory experiments. Using mathematical modelling methods and methods, mathematical models of EEG and ECG parameters influence on the time of distraction from execution by the driver of the main activity were obtained. Regression models of the influence of the aggregate of the quantitative characteristics of the intensity of fast (beta-rhythm – β and gamma-rhythm – γ ) and slow (delta- rhythm – δ and theta-rhythm –θ) EEG signals are proposed. The regression equations obtained for determining the regularities of the influence of information flow on the results of activity of road users are defined. Set up that the time of the driver's distraction from performing the core activity can reach from 0,94 s to 4,77 s depending on particular conditions. Information flows arising from the location of noticeable advertising in the driver's field of vision when driving a vehicle, distract his attention from 0,23 s to 2,81 s. The practical significance of obtained results is the possibility to use them in coordinating the location of advertising structures and organizing the work of drivers while driving a vehicle.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2018, 45, 1; 7-23
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks about real driving emissions tests for passenger cars
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Jasiński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
exhaust emissions
vehicle testing
emission standards
Real Driving Emissions
emisje spalin
badania pojazdu
normy emisji
Opis:
New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions obtained in the laboratory. Proper and accurate procedures for determining emissions in real traffic conditions (RDE – Real Driving Emission) have not yet been approved (as opposed to Heavy Duty Vehicles for which such conditions already exist), but there are proposals that are currently being analyzed by major research centers in Europe. There are many differences between those proposals such as determining road emission or research methodology related to emission measurement of hydrocarbons. The work compares the results of emissions measured in road tests using the latest legislative proposals related to passenger cars. The results are shown in relation to the used measurement method: classic method of determining exhaust emission; uses all measurement data determining the mass of harmful compounds and distance travelled during the test; method of averaging the measuring windows (MAW – moving average windows), also in the literature called EMROAD method, which determines the measurement windows (on the basis of carbon dioxide emissions from the WLTC test) and on its basis determines the road emission in RDE test; generalized method of instantaneous power (Power Binning), known in the literature as CLEAR – Classification of Emissions from Automobiles in Real driving, determines road emissions on the basis of generalized instantaneous power during the RDE test.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2016, 39, 3; 51-63
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of NO adsorption in fixed bed on activated carbon
Autorzy:
Kubonova, L.
Obalova, L.
Vlach, O.
Troppova, I.
Kalousek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
adsorpcja
współczynnik przenikania
adsorption
activated carbon
nitric oxide
linear driving force model
mass transfer coefficient
Opis:
Adsorption experiments of nitric oxide in nitrogen carrier gas were held on activated carbon in a fixed bed flow system. Breakthrough curves describing the dependence of exit concentrations of nitric oxide on time were matched with theoretical response curves calculated from the linear driving force model (LDF). The model assumes Langmuir adsorption isotherm for the description of non-linear equilibrium and overall mass transfer coefficient for mass transfer mechanism. Overall mass transfer coefficients were obtained by the method of least squares for fitting numerically modelled breakthrough curves with experimental breakthrough curves. It was found that LDF model fits all the breakthrough curves and it is a useful tool for modelling purposes.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 4; 367-377
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests
Autorzy:
Pielecha, Jacek
Skobiej, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
exhaust emission
passenger cars
real driving emissions
optimization
emisja spalin
samochody osobowe
badania emisji spalin
optymalizacja
Opis:
New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional rela-tionships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust components). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2020, 56, 4; 33-46
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drivers’ workload measures to verify functionality of ferry boats boarding area
Autorzy:
Gaetano, Bosurgi
Stellario, Marra
Orazio, Pellegrino
Villari, Massimo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
workload measures
driver behaviour
road safety
driving simulation
complex environment
pomiar pracy kierowcy
bezpieczeństwo na drogach
symulacja jazdy
Opis:
Functionality of a square used for ferry boats boarding has repercussions on safety and comfort of users, as well as on the efficiency of maritime transport. Inadequate use of the infrastructure causes driving errors followed by corrective manoeuvres, loss of time and potential accidents with consequences for community and the maritime transport company. The wide diversification of traffic components and payment methods are generally managed through a traditional horizontal and vertical signage system that does not refer to any current legislation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate driver's behaviour and the interaction that takes place between the latter and the environmental context. In particular, the authors focused on the study of the driver’s workload in a simulated environment, considering a users' sample and different driving scenarios inside the boarding area, concerning traffic conditions (isolated vehicle or presence of disturbing vehicles) and signs position. All this, in order to evaluate whether any change in a virtual context could bring real benefits to drivers, before being transferred to the real context. The results obtained, in terms of subjective workload and performance measures, have made it possible to judge the different solutions proposed in a simulated environment through synthetic indices referring to the entire boarding place or at certain parts of it. In this way, the manager can decide to change the circulation of the entire square or only some aspects of detail, such as some signals, in the event that they manifest an evident difficulty in the transfer of information. The use of the simulated environment allows greater speed in identifying the best solution, lower costs (avoiding the creation of a critical configuration for circulation) and greater user safety, since risky manoeuvres are identified and corrected by the simulator. The proposed procedure can be used by managers for a correct arrangement of the signs, for the purpose of correctly directing the flows and maximizing the flow rate disposed of.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2020, 56, 4; 7-17
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 22

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