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    Tytuł:
    Cellular automata model of self-organizing traffic control in urban networks
    Autorzy:
    Szklarski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200680.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cellular automata model
    self-organizing traffic control
    urban networks
    Opis:
    A model of city traffic based on Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automaton (CA) model is presented. Traffic control is realized at intersections with two conflicting streams each (at any time at most one stream can have “green light” assigned to it). For simple and regular lattice-like networks which are considered, it is easy to find optimal switching periods giving maximum possible flow rates. These optimal strategies are compared with a self-controlling approach proposed by [1], which has not been implemented in a CA model until now. Previous work proved that generally this method gives superior results when compared to classical methods. In this paper we show that for deterministic scenario such control leads to self-organization, and that the solution always quickly converges to the optimal solution which is known in this case. Moreover, we consider also non-deterministic case, in the sense that possibility of turning with given probability is allowed. It is shown that the self-controlling strategy always gives better results than any solution based on fixed cycles with green waves.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2010, 58, 3; 435-441
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Interface and connection model in the railway traffic control system
    Autorzy:
    Karolak, Juliusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832886.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    interface
    ETCS
    modelling
    railway traffic control
    interfejs
    modelowanie
    sterowanie ruchem kolejowym
    Opis:
    The article presents a model of connection of ETCS application and classical base layer equipment. The model distinguishes three layers: physical, logic and data, which require different modelling techniques and at the same time must be consistent. The model will form the basis for the digital mapping in the Digital Twin of the ETCS application. Layer division is a natural way to represent the structure of a device and its operating rules. It allows a detailed and structured representation of the interfaces of a connection and then an analysis of the connection both with respect to the layer of interest and from the point of view of the interaction between features in the different layers. The S-interface of the LEU encoder of the ETCS is described, taking into account different solutions encountered in practice. The conditions of the connection between the LEU encoder and the environment form a description of one of the two boundaries between the ETCS application, i.e. the implemented ERTMS/ETCS on a specific area of the railway network, and the environment. A general connection model and definitions of a connection and an interface are presented. As an example, the electrical connection with signals transmitted through galvanic connections has been assumed to be typical for LEU encoder and track-side signalling control circuits found in base layer equipment. The physical layer is described in terms of physical parameters and their values. The parameters are divided into electrical (current, voltage and frequency) and mechanical ones (number of leads, conductor thickness, etc.). The values of the electrical parameters are expressed in terms of a uncountable set with defined limits. The logic layer was described in a vector-matrix form. Logic signals are assigned to electrical signals with specific physical parameters. The data layer contains information about the assignment of specific telegrams to specific electrical signals.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2021, 58, 2; 137-147
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Development Trends for Automatic Train Protection Systems
    Kierunki rozwoju systemów Automatycznego Ograniczania Prędkości - ATP
    Autorzy:
    Barański, S.
    Karbowiak, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224091.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Automatic Train Protection systems
    traffic control
    traffic safety
    automatyczne ograniczenie prędkości
    sterowanie ruchem kolejowym
    bezpieczeństwo ruchu
    Opis:
    The elaboration shows basic requirements fulfilled by controlling devices, together with work sequences of each particular configuration. These devices are commonly used in railway and subway networks and they ensure traffic safety on the stations and routes. The train however, is driven by engine-driver who observes indications on semaphores and undertakes certain decisions in drive and brake control. The guarantee of safe train operation is achieved by introducing automatic train protection system – ATP. Principle of operation, shown as a graph, have been discussed, as well as ATP systems development course, based on constant data transmission channels, mainly the rail duct that uses modern rail track and newly introduced radio channel. Significant improvements in parameters of transmission channel by using jointless rail track have been emphasized. Necessity of using point transmission to forward constant rail marks that are essential for train's self-localization has been indicated. Selected properties of different ATP systems are presented in chart.
    W opracowaniu podano podstawowe wymogi, które spełniają urządzenia sterowania ruchem kolejowym – srk wraz z sekwencjami działania poszczególnych układów. Urządzenia te są powszechnie stosowane na sieci kolei i metra i zapewniają bezpieczeństwo ruchu na stacjach i liniach. Natomiast pociąg jest prowadzony przez maszynistę, który obserwuje sygnały na semaforach i podejmuje określone decyzje w zakresie sterowania napędem i hamulcami. Zapewnienie bezpiecznego prowadzenia pociągu osiąga się przez wprowadzenie systemu automatycznego ograniczenia prędkości ATP. Omówiono zasady działania podane w formie grafu oraz kierunki rozwoju systemów ATP w oparciu o kanały ciągłej transmisji informacji, głównie kanał szynowy, wykorzystujący współczesny tor kolejowy oraz nowo wprowadzany kanał radiowy. Podkreślono znaczną poprawę parametrów transmisyjnych kanału przy wykorzystaniu toru z zespawanymi szynami i odpowiednim podtorzem, przeznaczonym dla kolei dużych prędkości. Wskazano również na konieczność stosowania punktowej transmisji dla przekazania do pojazdu stałych punktów toru, niezbędnych do samolokalizacji pociągu. Wybrane właściwości różnych systemów ATP zestawiono w tabeli.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2013, 25-26, 1-2; 17-41
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of the possibility of using transmission in the lte system on a selected railway line for the purpose of running railway traffic
    Autorzy:
    Chrzan, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833612.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    GSM-R
    LTE system
    open systems
    railway line
    railway traffic control
    system LTE
    linia kolejowa
    kontrola ruchu kolejowego
    Opis:
    The railway and the Rail Traffic Control Systems installed on it in Poland have recently experienced rapid technological development. This is undoubtedly due to the funds that Poland receives from the European Union for the modernization of railway infrastructure. The development of modern railway infrastructure means not only stations, modern rolling stock, but also safe and reliable train control systems based on the latest telecommunications and information technologies. For a longer time, radio communication based on the GSM-R (GSM for Railways) standard is being introduced on PKP. For this purpose, dedicated infrastructure is being built in order to use this technology for railway traffic. This is associated with huge investment costs. Since the beginning of its existence, research has been conducted worldwide on the use of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology for conducting railway traffic. For economic and technological reasons, it is necessary to study other possibilities of using modern telecommunications infrastructure not yet dedicated to railway tasks in these open networks. The article will present research on the use of open radio communication network based on LTE standard for rail traffic and passenger comfort. It will discuss the research method and selected results of measurements made on railway line no. 4. The choice of this railway line was dictated by two factors. The first one resulted from the maximum train speed, the second one is the variety of rolling stock used on this line (compartmental and non-compartmental wagons). The part of research concerning collection of measurement material was performed within the framework of completed research work PBS3/A6/29/2015. As a result of conducted in-depth literature analysis as well as performed measurements and calculations, it allowed to develop a model and software for simulating system operation in real conditions. This system allows to send railway telegrams on appropriate safety level defined in standardization documents. The research proved the possibility of using an open system in the LTE standard for the transmission of signals for railway traffic control and passengers while maintaining an appropriate level of safety. The only limitations which were indicated by the tests are improper radio interface coverage of railway lines. Appropriate planning of radio coverage of railway areas by radio communication operators (so far ignored) with proper cooperation of infrastructure manager can lead to launching efficient communication system without necessity to build specialized infrastructure for railway.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2021, 57, 1; 91-101
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Development of a statistically-based methodology for analyzing automatic safety treatments at isolated high-speed signalized intersections
    Autorzy:
    Wojtal, R. M.
    Rilett, L. R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223799.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    traffic control devices
    traffic safety
    traffic signals
    traffic speed
    traffic analysis
    calibration
    validation
    simulation models
    urządzenia kontroli ruchu
    bezpieczeństwo ruchu
    sygnały ruchu
    prędkość ruchu
    analiza ruchu
    kalibracja
    walidacja
    modele symulacyjne
    Opis:
    Crashes at isolated rural intersections, particularly those involving vehicles traveling perpendicularly to each other, are especially dangerous due to the high speeds involved. Consequently, transportation agencies are interested in reducing the occurrence of this crash type. Many engineering treatments exist to improve safety at isolated, high-speed, signalized intersections. Intuitively, it is critical to know which safety treatments are the most effective for a given set of selection criteria at a particular intersection. Without a well-defined decision making methodology, it is difficult to decide which safety countermeasure, or set of countermeasures, is the best option. Additionally, because of the large number of possible intersection configurations, traffic volumes, and vehicle types, it would be impossible to develop a set of guidelines that could be applied to all signalized intersections. Therefore, a methodology was developed in this paper whereby common countermeasures could be modeled and analyzed prior to being implemented in the field. Due to the dynamic and stochastic nature of the problem, the choice was made to employ microsimulation tools, such as VISSIM, to analyze the studied countermeasures. A calibrated and validated microsimulation model of a signalized intersection was used to model two common safety countermeasures. The methodology was demonstrated on a test site located just outside of Lincoln, Nebraska. The model was calibrated to the distribution of observed speeds collected at the test site. It was concluded that the methodology could be used for the preliminary analysis of safety treatments based on select safety and operational measures of effectiveness.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2017, 44, 4; 75-88
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Safety in the railway industry
    Autorzy:
    Burdzik, R.
    Nowak, B.
    Rozmus, J.
    Słowiński, P.
    Pankiewicz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223820.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    railway transport
    traffic control
    railway safety
    product safety
    rail vibrations
    transport kolejowy
    kontrola ruchu
    bezpieczeństwo kolei
    bezpieczeństwo produktu
    wibracje szynowe
    Opis:
    Safety of the railway transport is extremely important issue, thus it has to be supported by numerous of terms. It is not only the legislation and organization or traffic control but also the proper quality of every devices in the railway infrastructure. The paper deals with safety in the rail industry. Companies and producers of railway equipment have to guarantee the best quality, maintenance and reliability. Safety is also a device directly responsible for protecting e.g. level crossings but also safety in terms of design and construction. Supervision of products is fulfilled in Poland by e.g. the Office of Railway Transport managing the safety and regulation of rail traffic. The paper presents industry security in terms of product as safety in design and production, in construction, in exploitation. Despite such extensive, multisector and multifaceted organizational, legal and technical safety structures in rail transport it is advisable to conduct further research into the analysis of the possibilities for improved safety. Also authors have assumed that for the improving of railway crossing safety level the support system for the traffic detection can be developed. To increase of the complex crossing safety level the support system has to be independent from current usage control devices, as axle counter block. Thus the paper presents concept of application of vibration wave propagation employing as source if information on train or car detection.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2017, 44, 4; 15-24
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Conflict-free trajectory planning based on the model predictive control theory
    Autorzy:
    Han, Yun-xiang
    Huang, Xiao-qoing
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223811.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    civil aviation
    air transportation
    aircraft
    air traffic control
    separation
    trajectories
    optimization
    model predictive control
    lotnictwo cywilne
    transport powietrzny
    samolot
    kontrola ruchu lotniczego
    separacja
    trajektorie
    optymalizacja
    sterowanie predykcyjne
    Opis:
    Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a model-based control method based on a receding horizon approach and online optimization. A key advantage of MPC is that it can accommodate constraints on the inputs and outputs. This paper proposes a max-plus general modeling framework adapted to the robust optimal control of air traffic flow in the airspace. It is shown that the problem can be posed as the control of queues with safety separation-dependent service rate. We extend MPC to a class of discrete-event system that can be described by models that are linear in the max-plus algebra with noise or modeling errors. Regarding the single aircraft as a batch, the relationships between input variables, state variables and output variable are established. We discuss some key properties of the system model and indicate how these properties can be used to analyze the behavior of air traffic flow. The model predictive control design problems are defined for this type of discrete event system to help prepare the airspace for various robust regulation needs and we give some extensions of the air traffic max-plus linear systems.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2016, 37, 1; 77-85
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Electric Vehicles and Urban Noise Control Policies
    Autorzy:
    Maffei, L.
    Masullo, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177023.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    soundscape
    electric vehicles
    limited traffic zones
    urban noise control
    Opis:
    Limited Traffic Zone (LTZ) is a planning strategy that is more and more adopted by municipalities in Europe to improve their environmental conditions. It consists in the prohibition for traditional vehicles to circulate in specific areas. Although the main aim is to tackle air pollution problems, positive effects are registered in terms of reduction of noise annoyance and in terms of improved “quality of life” if specific conditions are respected. On the other side under the drive of the global market, the number of circulating electric vehicles in urban sites is also increasing. In the next years we expect to experience a new and not well-known urban soundscape. In this paper is presented an overview of recent urban projects and policies that deal with noise control and how these experiences will match into the next years with the sound characteristics of new electric vehicles for private and public transportation.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Acoustics; 2014, 39, 3; 333-341
    0137-5075
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Acoustics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Input data selection for road traffic control systems
    Selekcja danych wejściowych dla systemów sterowania ruchem drogowym
    Autorzy:
    Płaczek, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224183.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    ruch drogowy
    sterowanie ruchem drogowym
    systemy monitorowania
    transmisja danych
    road traffic
    control systems
    Opis:
    Emerging technologies in road traffic monitoring deliver communication solutions for wireless data transfers from mobile sensors. The availability of mobile sensors creates a huge opportunity to extend the road-side detection infrastructure of existing traffic control systems. The efficient use of the wireless communication medium is one of the basic issues in traffic monitoring systems development. In this paper a new method is proposed for input data selection in traffic control systems. The basic idea behind the input data selection is to recognise the necessity of data transfers through the uncertainty analysis of the traffic control decisions. The introduced algorithm selects time instances of input data that are transmitted from the traffic monitoring system to the control unit. The rejected measurement data are replaced by information granules produced by an on-line traffic simulation. If precision of the information granules decreases and the control decisions become uncertain then the current data readings have to be transferred. This principle enables a considerable reduction of the data volumes that have to be transmitted from traffic monitoring system. Processing of the measurement data is based on information granulation within fuzzy cellular traffic model. This technique allows the incomplete traffic information to be used for performance evaluation of control strategies and for uncertainty estimation of control decisions. Simulation experiments were performed to investigate the usefulness of this method for traffic control at signalised intersection.
    Bezprzewodowe technologie komunikacyjne umożliwiają zastosowanie czujników mobilnych w systemach monitorowania ruchu drogowego. Dostępność tego typu czujników w znaczący sposób rozszerza możliwości pozyskiwania danych dla sterowania ruchem drogowym. Wykorzystanie bezprzewodowych systemów monitorowania ruchu dla celów sterowania wymaga odpowiednich metod optymalizacji transmisji danych. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono metodę selekcji danych wejściowych dla systemów sterowania ruchem drogowym, która pozwala zmniejszyć rozmiar przesyłanych zbiorów danych. Zgodnie z zaproponowaną metodą, konieczność pobrania danych pomiarowych jest określana w kolejnych interwałach czasu na podstawie oceny niepewności decyzji sterujących. Dane pomiarowe są rejestrowane i przekazywane z systemu monitorowania ruchu do modułu sterowania tylko w wybranych krokach czasowych. Przetwarzanie danych pomiarowych polega na granulacji informacji z wykorzystaniem modelu ruchu. Dzięki zastosowaniu rozmytego modelu komórkowego niepełna informacja o stanie ruchu może zostać wykorzystana do oceny efektywności sterowania oraz do oszacowania niepewności decyzji sterujących. Jeżeli precyzja zgromadzonej informacji jest zbyt niska, wówczas nie jest możliwy jednoznaczny wybór optymalnego wariantu sterowania. Aby obniżyć niepewność decyzji sterującej i uzyskać wymaganą dokładność oceny efektywności sterowania, potrzebne są aktualne dane pomiarowe. Zaproponowana metoda może być stosowana m. in. w systemach sygnalizacji świetlnej, systemach sterowania ruchem za pomocą znaków zmiennej treści oraz systemach nawigacji drogowej. Skuteczność metody została wykazana na podstawie wyników badań symulacyjnych dla przykładowego systemu sterowania sygnalizacją świetlną na skrzyżowaniu.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2012, 24, 2; 225-247
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Feedforward feedback iterative learning control method for the multilayer boundaries of oversaturated intersections based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram.
    Autorzy:
    Lin, Xiaohui
    Xu, Jianmin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224037.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    traffic engineering
    oversaturated intersection
    multilayer boundary
    macroscopic fundamental diagram
    feedforward feedback
    iterative control
    inżynieria ruchu
    przesycone skrzyżowanie
    granica wielowarstwowa
    makroskopowy diagram fundamentalny
    sprzężenie zwrotne
    Opis:
    The feedback control based on the model and method of iterative learning control, which in turn is based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), mostly belongs to the classification of single-layer boundary control method. However, the feedback control method has the problem of time delay. Therefore, a feed forward feedback iterative learning control (FFILC) method based on MFD of the multi-layer boundary of single-area oversaturated intersections is proposed. The FFILC method can improve the effectiveness of boundary control and avoid the time-delay problem of feedback control. Firstly, MFD theory is used to determine the MFD of the control area; the congestion zone and the transition zone of the control area are identified; and the two-layer boundary of the control area is determined. Then, the FFILC controllers are established at the two-layer boundary of the control area. When the control area enters into a congestion state, the control ratio of traffic flow in and out of the two-layer boundary is adjusted. The cumulative number of vehicles in the control area continues to approach the optimal cumulative number of vehicles, and it maintains high traffic efficiency with high flow rates. Finally, The actual road network is taken as the experimental area, and the road network simulation platform is built. The controller of the feedforward iterative learning control (FILC) is selected as the comparative controller and used to analyse the iterative effect of FFILC. Improvements in the use of traffic signal control indicators for the control area are analysed after the implementation of the FFILC method. Results show that the FFILC method considerably reduces the number of iterations, and it can effectively improve convergence speed and the use of traffic signal evaluation indicators for the control area.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2020, 53, 1; 67-87
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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