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Tytuł:
The impact of stochastic lead times on the bullwhip effect – an empirical insight
Autorzy:
Nielsen, P.
Michna, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
supply chain
bullwhip effect
inventory policy
lead time demand
order-up-to-level policy
stochastic lead time
demand forecasting
lead time forecasting
lead time demand forecasting
Opis:
In this article, we review the research state of the bullwhip effect in supply chains with stochastic lead times. We analyze problems arising in a supply chain when lead times are not deterministic. Using real data from a supply chain, we confirm that lead times are stochastic and can be modeled by a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables. This underlines the need to further study supply chains with stochastic lead times and model the behavior of such chains.
Źródło:
Management and Production Engineering Review; 2018, 9, 1; 65-70
2080-8208
2082-1344
Pojawia się w:
Management and Production Engineering Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction of Lead Oxide by Fine-Grained Carbonaceous Materials
Autorzy:
Matuła, T.
Siwiec, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356221.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lead oxide
lead
fine-grained carbonaceous materials
anthracite dust
coal flotation-concentrate
reduction
thermogravimetry
Opis:
As part of the presented work, tests were carried out to check the possibility of replacing of conventional reducers used in the lead pyrometallurgical processes by cheaper, but equally effective substitutes. For research of lead oxide reduction, the following fine-grained carbonaceous materials were used, ie anthracite dust and coal flotation concentrate, as well as traditional used coke breeze for comparison. The obtained test results indicate a similar ability to reduce the lead oxide of all studied carbonaceous materials.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 2; 647-652
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lead transport and localisation in Lupinus angustifolius L. root cells
Autorzy:
Balcerzak, L.
Godlewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
lead transport
Lupinus angustifolius
root cell
lead nitrate
root meristem cell
transmission electron microscopy
cell organelle
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 3
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation Of Intermetallic Compounds In Sn-Cu-Ni Lead-Free Solders
Badanie związków międzymetalicznych w bezołowiowych stopach lutowniczych Sn-Cu-Ni
Autorzy:
Nagy, E.
Kristaly, F.
Gyenes, A.
Gacsi, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
intermetallic
lead-free solder
X-ray diffraction
Opis:
Interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMC) play an important role in Sn-Cu lead-free soldering. The size and morphology of the intermetallic compounds formed between the lead-free solder and the Cu substrate have a significant effect on the mechanical strength of the solder joint. In the soldering process of Sn-Cu alloys, Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds are formed. The complex structural behaviour of Cu6Sn5 IMC is temperature- and composition-dependent and it is long since subject to scientific research. The Cu6Sn5 phase basically exists in two crystal structures: hexagonal η-Cu6Sn5 (at temperatures above 186°C) and monoclinic η’-Cu6Sn5 (at lower temperatures). In the presence of Ni in the solder, the η-η’ transformation does not occur, therefore, the η-Cu6Sn5 phase remains stable. In this study the role of Ni in the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 intermetallic compound in Sn-Cu lead-free solders was examined. Sn-Cu alloys with different Cu content (0.5 to 1 mass%) were modified through Ni addition. The morphology of the intermetallic compounds of the modified Sn-Cu alloys was investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the IMC phases were examined with X-ray diffraction method (XRD).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 2B; 1511-1515
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concentration levels of cadmium and lead in the raw and processed meat of Helix pomatia snails
Autorzy:
Ziomek, M.
Drozd, Ł.
Chałabis-Mazurek, A.
Szkucik, K.
Paszkiewicz, W.
Valverde Piedra, J. L.
Bełkot, Z.
Maćkowiak-Dryka, M.
Gondek, M.
Knysz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cadmium
lead
GFAAS
snail meat
Helix pomatia
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2018, 21, 3; 483-489
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of La3+ Doping Effect on Piezoelectric Coefficients of BLT Ceramics
Autorzy:
Wodecka-Dus, B.
Kozielski, L.
Erhart, J.
Pawełczyk, M.
Radoszewska, D.
Adamczyk, M.
Bochenek, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352118.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
BLT
piezoelectric coefficients
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics
Opis:
Effects of La3+ admixture in barium lanthanum titanate (BLT) ceramics system with colossal permittivity on performance of prospective piezoelectric cold plasma application were studied. Usage of cold atmospheric pressure plasma appears promising in terms of industrial and healthcare applications. Performed investigation provide consistent evaluation of doping lanthanum amount on piezoelectric coefficients values with simultaneous capability of charge accumulation for effective plasma generation. Modification of ferroelectric materials with heterovalent ions, however with the lower radii than the original atoms, significantly affects their domain mobility and consequently electromechanical properties. To determine the piezoelectric coefficients, the resonanceantiresonance method was implemented, and values of piezoelectric and dielectric parameters were recorded. Finally the results indicated that addition of 0.4 mol.% of La3+ ions to the ceramic structure maximally increased the values of piezoelectric coefficient to d33 = 20 pC/N and to huge dielectric constant to ε33 T = 29277.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 691-696
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Manufacturing lead time prediction for extrusion tools with the use of Neural Networks
Autorzy:
Sajko, Nika
Kovacic, Simon
Ficko, Mirko
Palcic, Iztok
Klancnik, Simon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
manufacturing lead time
Neural Network
Artificial Intelligence
extrusion
Opis:
Due to fast-paced technical development, companies are forced to modernise and update their equipment, as well as production planning methods. In the ordering process, the customer is interested not only in product specifications, but also in the manufacturing lead time by which the product will be completed. Therefore, companies strive towards setting an appealing but attainable manufacturing lead date. Manufacturing lead time depends on many different factors; therefore, it is difficult to predict. Estimation of manufacturing lead time is usually based on previous experience. In the following research, manufacturing lead time for tools for aluminium extrusion was estimated with Artificial Intelligence, more precisely, with Neural Networks. The research is based on the following input data; number of cavities, tool type, tool category, order type, number of orders in the last 3 days and tool diameter; while the only output data are the number of working days that are needed to manufacture the tool. An Artificial Neural Network (feed-forward neural network) was noted as a sufficiently accurate method and, therefore, appropriate for implementation in the company
Źródło:
Management and Production Engineering Review; 2020, 11, 3; 48-55
2080-8208
2082-1344
Pojawia się w:
Management and Production Engineering Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Antagonism between lead and zinc ions in plants
Antagonizm pomiędzy jonami ołowiu i cynku w roślinach
Autorzy:
Musielińska, R.
Kowol, J.
Kwapuliński, J.
Rochel, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lead
zinc
antagonism
plants
ołów
cynk
antagonizm
rośliny
Opis:
The article presents the results of research which describes antagonism between Pb-Zn in selected plant species from the area of Czestochowa – Mirow district (north-western part of the Czestochowa Upland). There were analyzed changes in the ratio of Pb/Zn in different organs of the tested plants as a function of the Zn content changes. The content of metals in the plants and the soil was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry AAS. In all organs of the plants there was observed antagonistic decrease of Pb uptake and accumulation, resulting from the increase in the concentration Zn. Antagonism between Zn and Pb in roots of the tested plants occurred at Zn content of 200–600 μg/g. In turn, antagonism in stems and flowers occurred at lower contents of zinc (100–180 μg/g). In leaves, antagonism between Pb and Zn occurred when Zn was present at the level of 300–800 μg/g. Ex definition of the analyses confirm the presence of antagonism of lead with regard to high levels of Zn. The study also confirmed that the degree of antagonism depends on the plant species.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań opisujące występowanie antagonizmu pomiędzy Pb-Zn w wybranych gatunkach roślin z terenu Częstochowy – dzielnica Mirów (północno-zachodnia część Wyżyny Częstochowskiej). Analizowano zmiany ilorazu zawartości Pb/Zn w poszczególnych organach badanych roślin jako funkcję zmian zawartości Zn. Zawartość metali w roślinach i w glebie została określona metodą atomowej spektrofotometrii absorpcyjnej AAS. We wszystkich organach roślin obserwowano antagonistyczny spadek pobierania i kumulacji Pb, będący skutkiem wzrostu koncentracji Zn. Antagonizm między Zn i Pb w korzeniach badanych roślin występował przy zawartości Zn 200–600 μg/g. Z kolei w łodygach i w kwiatach, antagonizm występował przy niższych zawartościach cynku (100–180 μg/g). W liściach antagonizm pomiędzy Pb i Zn pojawiał się w przypadku obecności Zn na poziomie zawartości 300–800 μg/g. Szczegółowe wyniki analiz potwierdzają obecność antagonizmu ołowiu w niektórych roślinach, w odniesieniu do dużych zawartości cynku. Badania potwierdziły także, że stopnień antagonizmu zależy od gatunku rośliny.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2016, 42, 2; 78-91
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technology and Dielectric Properties of the KNLN Doped with Nd3+ and Pr3+ Ions
Autorzy:
Bochenek, D.
Osińska, K.
Mankiewicz, M.
Niemiec, P.
Dercz, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lead free ceramics
sodium potassium niobate
ferroelectrics
doped
Opis:
The paper presents the technology and basic properties of three compositions of lead-free ceramics: (i) (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)NbO3, (ii) (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)NbO3)NbO3 +0.5%mol Nd2O3 and (iii) (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)NbO3)NbO2+0.5%mol Pr2O3. Powders of the designed compositions based on KNLN were obtained with the classic ceramic technology, as a result of solid phase synthesis, from a mixture of simple oxides and carbonates. The synthesis of ceramic powders was carried out at Ts = 900°C for ts = 4 h, while compaction by free sintering at Tsint = 1100°C for tsint = 2 h. XRD studies have shown that doping with praseodymium and neodymium promotes the formation of the tetragonal phase in the base composition (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)NbO3)NbO3 at lower temperatures. On the other hand, microstructural tests have shown that the admixture of neodymium and praseodymium improves the sinterability of ceramic samples during the technological process; however, the ceramic samples still exhibit high porosity.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 3; 1183-1188
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design of battery charging system update for glider launcher
Autorzy:
Rosiński, Wojciech Aleksander
Potrykus, Szymon
Michna, Michal Sergiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
alternative power supply
battery modelling
lead-acid batteries
Opis:
This paper presents an innovative solution for increasing life of lead-acid batteries used in a glider launcher. The study is focused on upgrading a charging system instead of a costly full replacement of it. Based on literature review, the advanced three-stage charging profile was indicated. The new topology of the power converter was proposed and a simulation model was developed. A simulation study was performed which leads to a conclusion that the suggested solution can be successfully applied to the studied device. As a result, the conclusion of this work is the recommendation for modification of the launching system with an additional converter enabling 3 stage charging.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2020, 69, 2; 259-269
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Novel, microwave assisted route of synthesis of binary oxide semiconducting phases - PbMoO4 and PbWo4
Nowa metoda syntezy binarnych faz tlenkowych o charakterze półprzewodnikowym w polu mikrofalowym - PbMoO4 i PbWo4
Autorzy:
Kwolek, P.
Tokarski, T.
Łokcik, T.
Szaciłowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
molibdenian ołowiu
wolframian ołowiu
półprzewodnik
pasmo wzbronione
pole mikrofalowe
lead molybdate
lead tungstate
semiconductor
band gap
microwave assisted synthesis
Opis:
Highly crystalline powders of lead molybdate and tungstate were synthesized by a microwave assisted hydrothermal process in a microwave heated high pressure autoclave. Application of this novel and environmentally friendly technique in the synthesis of these compounds has never been reported before. The influence of a time of synthesis on a crystal structure, morphology and a value of a band gap for both PbMoO4 and PbWO4 was examined. The value of the band gap was determined using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. For lead molybdate the medium value of the band gap equals to ca. 3.2 eV whereas for lead tungstate it oscillates around 4 eV and does not depend on the duration time of the synthesis.
Krystaliczne proszki molibdenianu ołowiu i wolframianu ołowiu otrzymano metodą hydrotermalną w polu mikrofalowym za pomocą wysokociśnieniowego autoklawu mikrofalowego. Metodę ta można uznać za przyjazną dla środowiska, jak dotad nie odnotowano jej zastosowania do syntezy wymienionych związków ołowiu. Zbadano wpływ czasu trwania procesu na strukturę krystaliczną, morfologię i szerokość przerwy energetycznej proszków PbWO4 i PbMoO4. Szerokość pasma wzbronionego wyznaczono za pomocą spektroskopii refleksyjnej. Dla molibdenianu ołowiu otrzymane wartości oscylują wokół 3.2 eV, natomiast dla wolframianu ołowiu przerwa energetyczna jest szersza i wynosi ok. 4 eV. Szerokość pasma wzbronionego w obu przypadkach nie zależy od czasu syntezy.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 1; 217-222
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technology and Electrophysical Properties of the (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)NbO3 Ceramics Doped by Cr3+, Zn2+, Sb3+ or Fe3+
Autorzy:
Bochenek, D.
Osińska, K.
Niemiec, P.
Adamczyk, M.
Goryczka, T.
Szych, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lead free ceramics
KNLN ceramics
SEM microstructure
dielectric tests
Opis:
In the work five ceramic compounds based on the (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)NbO3 (KNLN) material modified with oxides: Cr2O3, ZnO, Sb2O3 or Fe2O3 (in an amount of 0.5 mol.%) were obtained. The KNLN-type composition powder was prepared by solid phase synthesis from a mixture of simple oxides and carbonates, while compacted of the ceramic samples was conducted by free sintering methods. In the work the effect of the used admixture on the electrophysical properties of the KNLN ceramics was presented. The XRD, EDS tests, the SEM measurements of the morphology ceramic samples, dielectric properties and DC electric conductivity were conducted. The research showed that the used admixtures introduced into the base of KNLN-type composition improve the microstructure of the ceramic samples and improve their sinterability. In the case of the dielectric measurements, it was observed a decrease in the maximum dielectric permittivity at the TC for dopred KNLN-type samples. The addition of an admixture of chromium, zinc, antimony or iron in an amount of 0.5 mol.% to the base composition (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)NbO3 practically does not change the phase transition temperature. The diminution in the density value of doped KNLN ceramics was attributed to the alkali elements volatilization.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1401-1409
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Particle Size and Sintering Temperatures on Electrical Properties of 0.94Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3 Lead Free Ceramics
Autorzy:
Gul, Mert
Gurbuz, Mevlüt
Gokceyrek, Abdi B.
Toktaş, Aysegül
Kavas, Taner
Dogan, Aydın
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lead-free
NBT-BT
particle size
sintering
electrical properties
Opis:
In this study, lead-free 0.94 Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3 -0.06BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) compositions at morphotropic phase boundary were successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The effects of the particle size for various milling time (12-24-48 hours) and sintering temperatures (1100-1125-1150-1175°C for 2 h) on the electrical properties of the NBT-BT ceramics were evaluated. Experimental results showed that particle size and sintering temperatures significantly affect the electrical properties of NBT-BT ceramics. The particle size of the ceramic powders decreasing while milling time increases to 48 hours. Particle size values for 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours (h) milled powders were measured as nearly 1.5 μm, 1 μm, 700 nm, and 500 nm respectively. The bulk density enhanced with increasing sintering temperature and showed the highest value (5.73 g/cm3) at 1150°C for 48 h milled powder. Similarly, the maximum piezoelectric constant (d33 ) = 105 pC/N, electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp ) = 25.5% and dielectric constant (KT) = 575 were measured at 1150°C for 48 h milled powder. However, mechanical quality factor (Qm ) was reduced from 350 to 175 with decreasing particle size. Similarly, remnant polarization was dropped by decreasing powder particle size from 56 μC/cm2 to 45 μC/cm2.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 2; 609-614
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Frequency response analysis of microcontroller-based discrete-time lead-lag compensators
Autorzy:
Dewantoro, Gunawan
Rizky, Irwin Shauma
Murtianta, Budihardja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Arduino Uno
discretization
frequency response
lag compensator
lead compensator
Opis:
With the rapid advancement of digital processors, filters have been commonly implemented using microcomputers. In this study, a low-cost and compact Arduino Uno development board was used to realize digital lead and lag compensators. Arduino boards are very affordable. Consequently, they were investigated to see if they were capable of preserving the frequency response of continuous-time compensators. The experiments required a set of equipment including a function generator, an Arduino Uno development board, a PC-based oscilloscope, and a laptop. The signal frequency was varied from 0 to 500 Hz. Two discretization methods were employed, namely bilinear transformation and matched pole-zero mapping. The results showed that an Arduino Uno board can be utilized to implement lead and lag compensators to some extent. The discrete-time compensator preserved the capability of filtering out certain frequencies. The change in DC gain was negligible, however, there was a significant difference in the cut-off frequency and transient slope. For both discretization methods, the frequency responses at high frequency experienced a rippling profile.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2020, 69, 4; 937-950
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lead times - their behavior and the impact on planning and control in supply chains
Autorzy:
Nielsen, P.
Michna, Z.
Sørensen, B. B.
Dung, N. D. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
supply chain management
stochastic lead time
simulation
inventory management
Opis:
Lead times and their nature have received limited interest in literature despite their large impact on the performance and the management of supply chains. This paper presents a method and a case implementation of the same, to establish the behavior of real lead times in supply chains. The paper explores the behavior of lead times and illustrates how in one particular case they can and should be considered to be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). The conclusion is also that the stochastic nature of the lead times contributes more to lead time demand variance than demand variance.
Źródło:
Management and Production Engineering Review; 2017, 8, 2; 30-40
2080-8208
2082-1344
Pojawia się w:
Management and Production Engineering Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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