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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Contactless method for resistance measurement of ultra-thin printed and conductive lines
    Autorzy:
    Szybiński, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220707.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    inkjet printing electronics
    resistance measurements
    micrometer conducting lines
    contactless method
    resonance circuits
    Opis:
    In this paper the problem of resistance measurement of ultrathin conductive lines on dielectric substrates dedicated for printing electronic industry is discussed. The measured line is transformed in a non-invasive way into a resonance circuit. By using a magnetic coupling between the source line and the tested line, the resistance measurement can be performed non-invasively, i.e. without a mechanical contact. The proposed contactless resistance measurement method is based on the resonance quality factor estimation and it is an example of the inverse problem in metrology.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2020, 27, 3; 427-439
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Methodology of heat transfer and flow resistance measurement for matrices of rotating regenerative heat exchangers
    Autorzy:
    Butrymowicz, D.
    Karwacki, J.
    Kwidziński, R.
    Śmierciew, K.
    Gagan, J.
    Przybyliński, T.
    Skiepko, T.
    Łapin, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185740.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    heat transfer
    single blow technique
    rotating heat exchanger
    regenerator
    przenikania ciepła
    wymiennik ciepła
    Opis:
    The theoretical basis for the indirect measurement approach of mean heat transfer coefficient for the packed bed based on the modified single blow technique was presented and discussed in the paper. The methodology of this measurement approach dedicated to the matrix of the rotating regenerative gas heater was discussed in detail. The testing stand consisted of a dedicated experimental tunnel with auxiliary equipment and a measurement system are presented. Selected experimental results are presented and discussed for selected types of matrices of regenerative air preheaters for the wide range of Reynolds number of gas. The agreement between the theoretically predicted and measured temperature profiles was demonstrated. The exemplary dimensionless relationships between Colburn heat transfer factor, Darcy flow resistance factor and Reynolds number were presented for the investigated matrices of the regenerative gas heater.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2016, 37, 3; 341-358
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An Implementation of a Compact Smart Resistive Sensor Based on a Microcontroller with an Internal ADC
    Autorzy:
    Czaja, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221453.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    microcontrollers
    resistance measurement
    ADC
    time-domain measurements
    Opis:
    In the paper a new implementation of a compact smart resistive sensor based on a microcontroller with internal ADCs is proposed and analysed. The solution is based only on a (already existing in the system) microcontroller and a simple sensor interface circuit working as a voltage divider consisting of a reference resistor and a resistive sensor connected in parallel with an interference suppression capacitor. The measurement method is based on stimulation of the sensor interface circuit by a single square voltage pulse and on sampling the resulting voltage on the resistive sensor. The proposed solution is illustrated by a complete application of the compact smart resistive sensor used for temperature measurements, based on an 8-bit ATxmega32A4 microcontroller with a 12-bit ADC and a Pt100 resistive sensor. The results of experimental research confirm that the compact smart resistive sensor has 1°C resolution of temperature measurement for the whole range of changes of measured temperatures.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2016, 23, 2; 225-238
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Humidity Migration in Surface Layers of Sand Moulds During Processes of Penetration and Drying of Protective Coatings
    Autorzy:
    Jamrozowicz, Łukasz
    Zych, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203936.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    surface layers
    sand mould
    porous medium
    humidity migration
    protective coatings
    resistance measurement
    warstwy powierzchniowe
    formy piaskowe
    migracja wilgoci
    powłoki ochronne
    pomiar rezystancji
    Opis:
    The results of investigations of humidity migration in near surface layers of sand mould during processes of penetration and drying of protective coatings are presented in the hereby paper. The process of the humidity exchanging between surroundings and moulding sands as porous materials, is widely described in the introduction. In addition, the humidity flow through porous materials, with dividing this process into stages in dependence of the humidity movement mechanism, is presented. Next the desorption process, it means the humidity removal from porous materials, was described. Elements of the drying process intensity as well as the water transport mechanisms at natural and artificial drying were explained. The innovative research stands for measuring resistance changes of porous media due to humidity migrations was applied in investigations. Aqueous zirconium coatings of two apparent viscosities 10s and 30s were used. Viscosity was determined by means of the Ford cup of a mesh clearance of 4mm. Coatings were deposited on cores made of the moulding sand containing sand matrix, of a mean grain size dL = 0.25 mm, and phenol-formaldehyde resin. Pairs of electrodes were placed in the core at depths: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12 and 16 mm. Resistance measurements were performed in a continuous way. The course of the humidity migration process in the core surface layer after covering it by protective coating was determined during investigations. Investigations were performed in the room where the air temperature was: T = 22 oC but the air humidity was not controlled, as well as in the climatic chamber where the air temperature was: T =35 oC and humidity: H = 45%. During the research, it was shown that the process of penetration (sorption) of moisture into the moulding sand is a gradual process and that the moisture penetrates at least 16 mm into the sand. In the case of the drying (desorption) process, moisture from the near-surface layers of the moulding sand dries out much faster than moisture that has penetrated deeper into the sand.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2022, 22, 4; 72--78
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Multiplicative method for reduction of bias in indirect digital measurement result
    Autorzy:
    Muravyov, S. V.
    Zlygosteva, G. V.
    Borikov, V. N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221726.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    bias
    error reduction technique
    shunt ohmic resistance
    indirect measurement
    Opis:
    The error reduction technique, based on inverse transformation, for a shunt active resistance measurement using an ammeter and voltmeter is considered. When computing a corrected reading only multiplicative operations on two measurement results are used, namely squaring and division. The proposed method allows to increase resistance measurement accuracy by about two orders of magnitude what has been validated by both theoretical and experimental outcomes.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 3; 481-489
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of a commercial high resistance bridge and methods to improve its precision
    Autorzy:
    Mihai, Iulian
    Capra, Pier Paolo
    Galliana, Flavio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173898.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    high resistance measurements
    dual source bridge
    DSB
    settle-time
    measurement uncertainty
    compatibility test
    measurement noise
    Opis:
    At the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM) an evaluation of a commercial dual source high resistance bridge has been performed. Its two main measurement modes (single measurements and multiple measurements) have been investigated. The best settle time of a 10:1 measurement of high resistance ratio has been estimated to be about three times the time constant of the circuit involving the resistors. This constant, in turn, depends on the highest value resistor. By means of mathematical estimators, suitable numbers of the readings of the detector have been established in order to minimize noises. A compatibility test at 100 TΩ has shown that the best precision of the commercial bridge is achieved utilizing the multiple measurements mode with the auto update function. This mode also allows the characterization of a resistor as a function of the settle time. This characterization can be useful for the owner of the resistor who can request the laboratory to perform the calibration of the resistor with the settle time which is necessary for him.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2022, 29, 4; 701--718
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurement system for determination of supercapacitor equivalent parameters
    Autorzy:
    Kopka, R.
    Tarczyński, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221574.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    supercapacitor
    measurement system
    equivalent series resistance
    equivalent capacitance
    Opis:
    In this paper a measurement system for determination of supercapacitor equivalent parameters is proposed. Specific properties of materials used for supercapacitor construction require some advanced tools and measurement procedures to be applied during tests. The measurement system allows to measure values of equivalent parameters by both the DC and AC method whilst keeping appropriate time criteria required by this type of devices. Furthermore, in this paper the most relevant properties and measurement capabilities of the proposed system are described as well as some exemplary values of the supercapacitor equivalent parameters measured experimentally are presented.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2013, 20, 4; 581-590
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of the Lithuanian national standard of electric resistance
    Autorzy:
    Bartašiūnas, Andrius
    Miškinis, Rimantas
    Smirnov, Dmitrij
    Urba, Emilis
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849159.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    measurement standards
    electric resistance
    standard resistor
    calibration
    uncertainty
    prediction
    Opis:
    The Lithuanian national standard of electric resistance is maintained as the basis for calibration and measurement capabilities published in the key comparison database of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The stability and uncertainty of the resistance value measurements, performed since 2004 using the calibrated values of the standard resistors to predict their future behaviour as well as influence of environmental conditions, are discussed. Also discussed is the recovery of a standard resistor which had undergone a mechanical disturbance. It is concluded that the standard resistors operated by the Lithuanian National Electrical Standards Laboratory feature stable drift of resistance, which is well predicted by means of linear regression.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2020, 27, 4; 615-624
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An oxidation-resisitant measurement apparatus
    Autorzy:
    An, Dong-Yang
    Dai, Jing-Min
    Xiao, Peng
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220362.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    coating
    apparatus
    oxidation resistance
    wide temperature range
    high precision
    Opis:
    On the basis of induction heating, radiation heating and liquid nitrogen refrigeration, high-temperature, medium-temperature, normal-temperature and low-temperature heating/refrigeration furnaces were designed, respectively. An apparatus with a wide temperature range and high accuracy applied to test oxidation resistance of materials has been developed based on the thermogravimetric method and the heat transfer principle. The apparatus consists of four heating/cooling systems, a specimen fixture positioning unit, a laser positioning unit, vertical and horizontal moving guide rails, and a high-precision weighing balance. The apparatus, based on the thermogravimetric method, is able to test oxidation resistance of materials. In the test, the temperature range was -180~3000°C (the highest temperature is determined by material properties). The temperature control accuracy was ±5°C. The accuracy of on-line weighing was ±0.1 mg. The measurement uncertainty was 0.2 mg. Compared with other relevant devices, this apparatus has its own advantages: simple operation, wide heating/cooling temperature range, sufficient specimen heating, high sensitivity and precision, and short heating/cooling time. The experimental results show that the developed apparatus presented in this study not only can be used for isothermal thermogravimetric tests, but also for thermal cycling tests and multi-step oxidation tests. With the effective integration of multiple heating apparatus and refrigeration apparatus, the apparatus breaks through the limitations of the heating/cooling temperature range of the existing devices, accomplishes the high-precision oxidation resistance test of materials in a wide temperature range, and will play a great role in improving the research of materials.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2019, 26, 4; 725-737
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Gray Cast Iron Using Electrical Resistivity Measurement
    Autorzy:
    Bieroński, M.
    Krasa, O.
    Koza, M.
    Książek, D.
    Kuś, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380834.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    resistance
    grey cast iron
    tensile strength
    NDT method
    electrical resistivity
    odporność
    żeliwo szare
    wytrzymałość na rozciąganie
    metoda NDT
    Opis:
    In this paper an attempt to determine the relationship between the electrical resistivity and the tensile strength and hardness of cast iron of carbon equivalent in the range from 3.93% to 4.48%. Tests were performed on the gray cast iron for 12 different melts with different chemical composition. From one melt poured 6 samples. Based on the study of mechanical and electro-resistive determined variation characteristics of tensile strength, hardness and resistivity as a function of the carbon equivalent. Then, regression equations were developed as power functions describing the relationship between the resistivity of castings and their tensile strength and hardness. It was found a high level of regression equations to measuring points, particularly with regard to the relationship Rm=f(ρ). The obtained preliminary results indicate the possibility of application of the method of the resistance to rapid diagnostic casts on the production line, when we are dealing with repeatable production, in this case non variable geometry of the product for which it has been determinated before a regression equation.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 29-32
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application Examples for the Different Measurement Modes of Electrical Properties of the Solar Cells
    Przykłady zastosowan różnych trybów pomiaru własności elektrycznych ogniw słonecznych
    Autorzy:
    Musztyfaga-Staszuk, M.
    Dobrzański, L.A.
    Rusz, S.
    Staszuk, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354486.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    electrical properties
    solar cells
    screen printing
    contact resistance
    właściwości elektryczne
    ogniwa słoneczne
    sitodruk
    rezystancja kontaktu
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper was to apply the newly developed instruments ‘Corescan’ and ‘Sherescan’ in order to measure the essential parameters of producing solar cells in comparison with the standard techniques. The standard technique named the Transmission Line Method (TLM) is one way to monitor contacting process to measure contact resistance locally between the substrate and metallization. Nowadays, contact resistance is measured over the whole photovoltaic cell using Corescanner instrument. The Sherescan device in comparison with standard devices gives a possibility to measure the sheet resistance of the emitter of silicon wafers and determine of both P/N recognition and metal resistance. The Screen Printing (SP) method is the most widely used contact formation technique for commercial silicon solar cells. The contact resistance of manufactured front metallization depends of both the paste composition and co-firing conditions. Screen printed front side metallization and next to co-fired in the infrared conveyor furnace was carried out at various temperature from 770°C to 920°C. The silver paste used in the present paper is commercial. The investigations were carried out on monocrystalline silicon wafers. The topography of co-fired in the infrared belt furnace front metallization was investigated using the atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). There were researched also cross sections of front contacts using SEM microscope. Front contacts of the solar cells were formed on non-textured silicon surface with coated antireflection layer. On one hand, based on electrical properties investigations using Sherescan instrument it was obtained the knowledge of the emitter sheet resistance across the surface of a wafer, what is essential in optimizing the emitter diffusion process. On the other hand, it was found using Corescan instrument that the higher temperature apparently results in a strongly decreased contact resistance.
    Celem pracy było zastosowanie niedawno opracowanych urządzeń. Corescan” i „Sherescan” do zmierzenia zasadniczych parametrów wytwarzanych ogniw słonecznych w porównani z standardowymi technikami. Standardowa technika nazywana metodą linii transmisyjnych TLM (ang. Transmission Line Method) jest jednym ze sposobów monitorowania procesu pomiaru rezystancji strefy połączenia elektrody z podłożem. Obecnie, rezystancja kontaktu ogniwa słonecznego jest mierzona przy użyciu urządzenia Corescan. Urządzenie Sherescan w porównaniu ze standardowymi urządzeniami daje możliwość pomiaru rezystancji powierzchniowej warstwy dyfuzyjnej emitera płytek krzemowych i rozpoznania typu przewodności P/N i rezystancji kontaktu. Obecnie większość krzemowych ogniw fotowoltaicznych produkowanych na skalę przemysłową wytwarza się z zastosowaniem metody sitodruku do nanoszenia przedniej i tylnej metalizacji. Rezystancja kontaktu wytworzonej przedniej metalizacji zależy zarówno od składu pasty i warunków wypalania. Elektrodę przednią nadrukowano metodą sitodruku, a na- stępnie wypalano w piecu taśmowym w zakresie temperatury od 770°C do 920°C. W niniejszej pracy zastosowano komercyjną pastę srebrną. Badania wykonano na płytkach krzemowych monokrystalicznych. Topografię powierzchni wypalanej w piecu taśmowym przedniej elektrody wykonano stosując mikroskop sił atomowych i skaningowy mikroskop elektronowy. Zbadano również przekroje poprzeczne przednich elektrod stosując skaningowy mikroskop elektronowy. Elektrody przednie ogniw słonecznych wytworzono na powierzchni krzemowej nieteksturowanej z naniesioną warstwą antyrefleksyjną. Na podstawie uzyskanych badań własności elektrycznych za pomocą urządzenia Sherescan stwierdzono, że w zakresie temperatury od 770°C do 920°C, rezystancja właściwa kontaktu mieści się w zakresie 0.43÷1,01 μ Ω/ i rezystancja warstwowa kontaktu mieści się w zakresie 0,28÷0.67 mΩ/ krzemowego ogniwa fotowoltaicznego. W wyniku badań własności elektrycznych wykonanych z wykorzystaniem urządz.enia Corescan uzyskano szczegółową mapę powierzchni oporu styku pomiędzy emiterem a warstwą metalizacji ogniw słonecznych.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 1; 247-252
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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