Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "Central European countries" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    The Behaviour of Exchange Rates in the Central European Countries and Credit Default Risk Premiums
    Autorzy:
    Kębłowski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    exchange rates
    exchange rate misalignments
    EU New Member States
    panel VEC model
    credit default swap
    Opis:
    We test whether the floating exchange rates of the EU New Member States against the euro are determined jointly within the panel VEC framework. We find that the exchange rates of the Czech koruna, the Polish zloty and the Hungarian forint follow the same long-run relationship, in which the real exchange rates are explained by the real interest rates parities and the spreads of the credit default risk premiums. In case of the Romanian leu, the common relationship is rejected, which is likely due to differences in the economic setting. The results confirm that the currency markets of these three countries are closely related, since the appreciation/depreciation of one currency leads to similar movements in the other currencies of the NMS. The estimated misalignments exhibit some common patterns in terms of time spans and percentage values of under/overvaluation.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2011, 3, 4; 221-236
    2080-0886
    2080-119X
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biodiversity conservation and monitoring – engagement and motivations of citizen scientists
    Autorzy:
    Grodzińska-Jurczak, Małgorzata
    Kobierska, Hanna
    Tusznio, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079160.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    citizen scientists
    volunteering
    biodiversity conservation
    NGOs
    monitoring
    Central Eastern European Countries
    Nauki o Ziemi
    Opis:
    Biodiversity conservation cannot operate in Central Eastern European countries without a well-established monitoring system, that is dependent on the citizen scientists input. Here we analyse, based on a Polish case: (1) The contribution of NGOs to the national nature monitoring scheme and their collaboration with governmental and scientifi c institutions and (2) the motivation of citizen scientists to volunteer for NGOs’ monitoring activities. The study comprises a focus group interview, 30 in-depth interviews with coordinators, citizen scientists, experts and a 23 days long participant observation of a model NGO. We have assessed the monitoring input of NGOs as being a contributory factor infl uencing the biodiversity conservation effectiveness. The cooperation between governmental, scientifi c institutions and NGOs exists, but is dependent on national funding. Although NGOs highlight the lack of coherence in monitoring methodology, they are willing to join the biodiversity monitoring, especially at the European Ecological Network – Natura 2000 sites. On the other hand the trust concerning cooperation with citizen scientists is limited. However, despite this, they still turned out to be trustworthy partners. The most effective way to maintain cooperation with citizen scientists is to create a bond in a group and to provide them with the opportunity to develop their passion for nature. Our fi ndings have shed light on the growing importance of citizen scientists in biodiversity governance, providing recommendations for developBiodiversity conservation cannot operate in Central Eastern European countries without a well-established monitoring system, that is dependent on the citizen scientists input. Here we analyse, based on a Polish case: (1) The contribution of NGOs to the national nature monitoring scheme and their collaboration with governmental and scientifi c institutions and (2) the motivation of citizen scientists to volunteer for NGOs’ monitoring activities. The study comprises a focus group interview, 30 in-depth interviews with coordinators, citizen scientists, experts and a 23 days long participant observation of a model NGO. We have assessed the monitoring input of NGOs as being a contributory factor infl uencing the biodiversity conservation effectiveness. The cooperation between governmental, scientifi c institutions and NGOs exists, but is dependent on national funding. Although NGOs highlight the lack of coherence in monitoring methodology, they are willing to join the biodiversity monitoring, especially at the European Ecological Network – Natura 2000 sites. On the other hand the trust concerning cooperation with citizen scientists is limited. However, despite this, they still turned out to be trustworthy partners. The most effective way to maintain cooperation with citizen scientists is to create a bond in a group and to provide them with the opportunity to develop their passion for nature. Our fi ndings have shed light on the growing importance of citizen scientists in biodiversity governance, providing recommendations for development of the effective monitoring schemes based on the volunteer work of citizen scientists.ment of the effective monitoring schemes based on the volunteer work of citizen scientists.
    Źródło:
    Papers on Global Change; 2018, 25; 93-110
    2300-8121
    1730-802X
    Pojawia się w:
    Papers on Global Change
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sources of Real Exchange Rate Variability in Central and Eastern European Countries: Evidence from Structural Bayesian MSH-VAR Models
    Autorzy:
    Dąbrowski, Marek A.
    Kwiatkowski, Łukasz
    Wróblewska, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075254.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    open economy macroeconomics
    real exchange rate
    real and nominal shocks
    Bayesian MS-VAR models
    structural VAR models
    Opis:
    This paper investigates the relative importance of cost, demand, financial and monetary shocks in driving real exchange rates in four CEE countries over 2000–2018. A two-country New Keynesian open economy model is used as a theoretical framework. In the empirical part, a Bayesian SVAR model with Markov switching heteroscedasticity is employed. The structural shocks are identified on the basis of volatility changes and named with reference to the sign restrictions derived from the economic model. Main findings are fourfold. First, real and financial shocks have similar contributions to real exchange variability, whereas that of monetary shocks is small. Second, financial shocks amplify exchange rate fluctuations stemming from real shocks. Third, even though the exchange rate gaps change over time, they remain quite similar across CEE countries except for Slovakia. Fourth, Slovakia introduced the euro at the time of a relatively large real overvaluation, which subsided after a lengthy adjustment process.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2020, 4; 369-412
    2080-0886
    2080-119X
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Central and East European countries as transit or final destinations of migrant and refugee flows in Europe — trends, causes and social impact from the Bulgarian perspective
    Autorzy:
    Pavlova, Radostina
    Radoslavova, Diana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/473359.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Bulgaria
    migration
    refugees
    asylum policy
    Opis:
    Focusing on the case of Bulgaria, this paper examines the trends, causes and social impacts of transitory migration, and especially that of asylum seekers and refugees, in Bulgaria as part of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region and the broader EU context. It provides a statistical overview of refugee flows since 2012 and indicators of the rates of retention or transition. The paper also describes the legislative frameworks on the EU — and national levels which define the required reception conditions and the procedural treatment of asylum seekers and refugees, and elaborates on their practical application, including deficiencies in the conditions for receiving refugees, procedural flaws and the lack of integration measures. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of these processes on Bulgarian society, including the role of civil society.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje; 2015, 31(4); 81-97
    1640-1808
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Systemy kursów walutowych krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz zmienność kursów ich walut względem euro
    Exchange Rate Regimes of Central and Eastern European Countries and the Exchange Rate Volatility of Their Currencies Against the Euro
    Системы валютных курсов стран Центральной и Восточной Европы и изменчивость курсов этих валют по отношению к еврo
    Autorzy:
    Jurek, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009311.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cee countries
    exchange rate regimes
    exchange rate
    страны центральной и восточной европы
    истемы валютных курсов
    валютный курс
    Opis:
    The article aims to analyze what macroeconomic circumstances support the maintenance of stable exchange rate of CEE countries currencies against the euro. In order to achieve this target, the author presents the evolution of the exchange rate regimes in CEE countries in the period of 1999-2011, as well as the results of logit analysis used in order to reveal what macroeconomic features favour the stabilization of euro exchange rates. The study reveals that the plausibility of keeping the stable exchange rate tends to be higher in countries characterized with small size of economy, tough fiscal policy, and low relation of the foreign capital inflow (including direct and portfolio investments as well as other investments), to official foreign reserves. These CEE countries that maintain stable exchange rate against the euro are also marked by a higher current account deficit as compared with the countries which do not stabilize the exchange rate. This is the result of the real appreciation of their currencies, which implies worsening of the competitiveness of their exports. Under such circumstances the stabilization of the exchange rate may require keeping the reference interest rates at high level. This means that the real sector of the economy is burdened with all the consequences of economic shocks. This in turn can be conducive to prolonged and repeating recessions.
    В статье делается попытка оценить, какие макроэкономические условия должны быть выполнены для сохранения стабильного курса национальной валюты по отношению к евро в странах Центральной и Восточной Европы. Автором проведен анализ эволюции систем валютных курсов, применяемых в этих странах в 1999–2011 гг. На основании логит-анализа показано, в каких макроэкономических условиях происходит стабилизация курса их валют по отношению к евро. Анализ позволяет констатировать, что вероятность сохранения стабильного курса выше в странах, которые характеризуются малым размером экономики, дисциплиной в фискальной политике и относительно низким уровнем иностранных капиталовложений в виде прямых и портфельных инвестиций, а также остальных инвестиций, по отношению к официальным валютным резервам. Те страны Центральной и Восточной Европы, которые сохраняют стабильный курс валюты по отношению к евро, отличаются также, в большинстве случаев, более высоким дефицитом баланса текущих оборотов по сравнению с другими странами этого региона с нестабильным валютным курсом. Это является результатом реальной ревальвации их валют, ведущей к ухудшению конкурентоспособности экспорта. В таких условиях стабилизация валютного курса может потребовать сохранения референтных процентных ставок на высоком уровне. Это означает, что весь груз экономического шока перебрасывается на реальную сферу, что может стать причиной продолжительных и повторяющихся рецессий.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomista; 2013, 2; 221-245
    0013-3205
    2299-6184
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomista
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Contribution of avoidable causes of death to premature mortality in Poland and selected European countries
    Autorzy:
    Wojtyniak, Bogdan
    Stokwiszewski, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1827553.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    avoidable mortality
    premature mortality
    mortality in Poland
    mortality in Central
    Europe
    avoidable cardiovascular mortality
    avoidable cancer mortality
    Opis:
    Our study, availing the new, agreed by the OECD and Eurostat, lists of preventable and treatable causes of death, seeks to quantify the contribution of avoidable causes to premature mortality and its dynamics in Poland and Central European countries – Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovenia, in comparison with Sweden serving as a benchmark country in 1999–2017. We calculated age standardised death rates for the broad groups of avoidable causes and more specific ones, which comprised preventable and treatable cancer and diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), preventable injuries and alcohol-related diseases. Deaths from not avoidable causes were also analysed. The analysis of time trends in the death rates and calculation of the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for the overall trend were performed with joint-point models. The contribution of changes in mortality from avoidable causes to increase life expectancy during 1999–2017 and contribution of the difference in mortality from these causes to the difference in life expectancy between five countries and Sweden were based on the decomposition of temporary life expectancy between birth and age 75 [e(0-75)]. For the calculation of life expectancy, we used the classic Chiang method and the decomposition of life expectancy by the death causes and age was conducted with the Arriaga method. The AAPC of death rates from avoidable causes in 1999–2017 was similar in all the countries but Lithuania, where the decline started later. The decline in the death rates from not avoidable causes is much slower than the rates from avoidable causes. Mortality from treatable causes was decreasing faster than from preventable causes in most populations. In 1999–2017, the average rate of mortality decline for preventable cancer was greater among men than among women, while for treatable cancer the sex-related differences were much smaller and in favour of women. As for preventable and treatable death from DCS, their decrease was faster among women than men in all the countries but Sweden. Improvements in mortality from causes that could be avoided through prevention or treatment made substantial positive contributions to the overall change in life expectancy in all the countries. The differences in temporary life expectancy e(0-75) between the analysed Central European countries and Sweden were much smaller in 2017 than in 1999, due to the reduction of the gap in mortality from avoidable causes. Our results show that among men, and to a lesser extent among women, mortality from preventable causes contributes more than mortality from causes that can be effectively treated to shorter life expectancy in the countries of Central Europe than in Sweden. This indicates that in reducing the health gap between the inhabitants of Central Europe and Western Europe, the healthcare system should consider disease prevention even to a greater extent than just treating them.
    Źródło:
    Studia Demograficzne; 2020, 178, 2; 11-34
    0039-3134
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Demograficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

      Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies