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Tytuł:
Analysis of heat load in a biomass-fired boiler
Analiza obciążenia cieplnego w kotle opalanym biomasą
Autorzy:
Bartoszewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biomasa
ciepłownia
kocioł ciepłowniczy
biomass
heat-generating plant
heating boiler
Opis:
This paper discusses an exemplary cooperation between a research center, industry and technical inspection authorities. The purpose of the investigations (carried out to find the failure of a biomass-fired boiler in a heating plant) is an analysis of the effect of operating water boiler conditions on the heat load of the heating surface. The analysis concerns the reasons for failure of the membrane heat exchanger of the water-gas type being a basic heating surface of the boiler burning biomass. During the operation of the boiler some cracks perforated the bottom and smoke tube endings occurred.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki współpracy ośrodka naukowego, ciepłowni miejskiej i inspekcji technicznej realizowanych w celu wykrycia przyczyn awarii kotła opalanego biomasą. Przedstawiono wyniki analizy numerycznej oraz wizualizacji w ciepłowni w celu określenia tych przyczyn. Badania obejmowały analizę przepony wymiennika ciepła typu woda-spaliny, który stanowi podstawową powierzchnię wymiany ciepła w kotle spalającym biomasę. Przedstawione w pracy wnioski z analizy wskazują na przyczyny pęknięć płyty sitowej i końcówek płomieniówek wymiennika.
Źródło:
Archiwum Energetyki; 2011, 41, 1; 65-77
0066-684X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Energetyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomass as a Source of Energy in Iron Ore Agglomerate Production Process
Biomasa jako źródło energii w procesie produkcji aglomeratów rudy żelaza
Autorzy:
Fröhlichová, M.
Legemza, J.
Findorák, R.
Mašlejová, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
agglomerate
biomass
coke breeze
ash
alkalia
phase composition
microstructure
aglomerat
biomasa
koksik
popiół
skład fazowy
mikrostruktura
Opis:
This article contains characteristics of selected types of biomass, which can be considered as an alternative fuel in the production of iron ore agglomerate. Selected types of biomass were evaluated by chemical analysis, X-ray phase analysis and microscopic analysis using the camera on microscope Olympus BX 51. Biomass was characterized according to its structure, chemical composition and chemical composition of ash. The obtained data were confronted with the data for coke breeze and based on the results, conclusions were made about the possible use of selected types of biomass as an alternative fuel in the process of iron ore agglomerate production.
Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę wybranych rodzajów biomasy, które mogą być uznane jako paliwo alternatywne w produkcji aglomeratów rudy żelaza. Wyselekcjonowane rodzaje biomasy poddano ocenie za pomocą analizy chemicznej, rentgenowskiej analizy fazowej oraz analizy mikroskopowej z użyciem kamery mikroskopu Olympus BX 51. Scharakteryzowano również strukturę, skład chemiczny i skład chemiczny popiołu biomasy. Uzyskane dane porównano z danymi dotyczącymi koksiku i na podstawie otrzymanych wyników opracowano wnioski odnośnie do możliwości korzystania z wybranych rodzajów biomasy jako paliwa alternatywnego w procesie produkcji aglomeratu rudy żelaza.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 2; 815-820
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermochemical analysis of a flue gas-driven biomass gasification
Autorzy:
Litka, R.
Kalisz, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
gazyfikacja
biomasa
równowaga chemiczna
co-firing
gasification
biomass
chemical equilibrium
Opis:
One of the methods of obtaining energy from renewable sources is the technology of indirect cofiring of biomass. It consists in the gasification of secondary fuel and combustion of the generated gas in the boiler together with its primary fuel. The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of the use of the boiler flue gases as the converting medium in the process of indirect co-firing - a technology which is being developed at the Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery of the Silesian University of Technology. The basis of the analysis are the data resulting from variant calculations conducted with the use of the Gaseq program. The calculations were made for various compositions of gasified fuel and the converting medium, variable fuel/oxidiser ratios and variable gasification temperatures. As a result, the equilibrium composition and the calorific value of the generated gas were obtained. The main optimisation objective adopted here was the nondimensional efficiency coefficient, which is the ratio of the chemical energy of products to the chemical energy of the process reactants.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2012, 33, 3; 487-503
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of coal with coal-mule and biomass co-combustion in slurry form
Analiza współspalania węgla z mułem węglowym i biomasą w postaci zawiesiny
Autorzy:
Kijo-Kleczkowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
mechanizm i kinetyka reakcji spalania
współspalanie węgla z mułem węglowym i biomasą
warstwa fluidalna
mechanism and kinetics of combustion reaction
co-combustion of coal with coal-mule and biomass
fluidized bed
Opis:
Combustion technology of coal-water fuels creates a number of new possibilities to organize the combustion process fulfilling contemporary requirements e. g in the environment protection. Therefore an in-depth analysis is necessary to examine the technical application of coal as energy fuel in the form of suspension. The paper undertakes the complex research of the coal with coal-mule and biomass co-combustion. The mathematical model enables the prognosis for change of the surface and the centre temperatures and a mass loss of the fuel during combustion in air and in the fluidized bed.
W pracy omówiono problematykę spalania wysoko zawodnionych paliw, która nabiera coraz większego znaczenia w miarę wzrostu wymagań jakościowych węgli spalanych w elektrowniach. Przeanalizowano spalanie mułów poflotacyjnych, a także zawodnionych paliw, będących mieszaniną pyłu węgla i biomasy oraz wody. Kopalnie węgla kamiennego, chcąc spełnić oczekiwania energetyków, zmuszone zostały do rozbudowy i unowocześnienia zakładów wzbogacania węgla. Powoduje to wzrost ilości odpadów, powstających w procesie mokrego wzbogacania, zawierających coraz mniejsze podziarna. W tej sytuacji koncepcja bezpośredniego spalania wspomnianych odpadów, transportowanych np. hydraulicznie do pobliskich elektrowni, wydaje się atrakcyjna zarówno ze względu na możliwość eliminacji konieczności głębokiego odwadniania i suszenia, jak i likwidacji strat najdrobniejszych frakcji węgla przy zrzucie zamulonych wód z zakładów wzbogacania. Opracowany model matematyczny zawiera równania uwzględniające całokształt zjawisk towarzyszących spalaniu zawiesiny w strumieniu powietrza i w warstwie fluidalnej oraz z dostateczną dokładnością opisuje wspomniane procesy, realizowane podczas badań.
Źródło:
Archives of Mining Sciences; 2014, 59, 2; 347-366
0860-7001
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Mining Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Power control problems of units co-burning biomass
Problemy regulacji mocy bloków energetycznych współspalających biomasę
Autorzy:
Karczewski, J.
Pawlak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biomasa
blok energetyczny
biomass
power unit
Opis:
This paper, presents results of research, conducted in power units (while co-burning biomasscool). Electrohydraulic active power governors designed by the Lödz-branch ITC Heat Engineering Department of the Power Engineering Institute were installed in the units. This method developed by ITC ensures the stabilization of live steam pressure during changes in a unit's power induced by control valves override.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na blokach energetycznych współspalających biomasę. Na blokach tych zostały zainstalowane elektrohydrauliczne regulatory mocy konstrukcji Oddziału Techniki Cieplnej ITC z Łodzi, Instytutu Energetyki. Przedstawiono opracowaną w ITC metodę zapewniającą stabilizację ciśnienia pary świeżej podczas zmian mocy bloku energetycznego , wywołanych przesterowaniem zaworów regulacyjnych.
Źródło:
Archiwum Energetyki; 2011, 41, 3-4; 29-39
0066-684X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Energetyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Clean energy from a carbon fuel cell
Autorzy:
Kacprzak, A.
Kobyłecki, R.
Bis, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biomasa
biowęgiel
ogniwo paliwowe
prażenie
węgiel
zwęglenie
biocarbon
biomass
carbonization
coal
fuel cell
torrefaction
Opis:
The direct carbon fuel cell technology provides excellent conditions for conversion of chemical energy of carbon-containing solid fuels directly into electricity. The technology is very promising since it is relatively simple compared to other fuel cell technologies and accepts all carbon-reach substances as possible fuels. Furthermore, it makes possible to use atmospheric oxygen as the oxidizer. In this paper the results of authors. recent investigations focused on analysis of the performance of a direct carbon fuel cell supplied with graphite, granulated carbonized biomass (biocarbon), and granulated hard coal are presented. The comparison of the voltage-current characteristics indicated that the results obtained for the case when the cell was operated with carbonized biomass and hard coal were much more promising than those obtained for graphite. The effects of fuel type and the surface area of the cathode on operation performance of the fuel cell were also discussed.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2011, 32, 3; 145-155
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of downdraft and updraft gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor
Autorzy:
Kluska, J.
Ochnio, M.
Kazimierski, P.
Kardaś, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
gasification
biomass
thermochemical conversion
gazyfikacja
biomasa
termochemiczna konwersja
Opis:
The aim of this study was to compare and analyze the gasification process of beech wood. The experimental investigation was conducted inside a gasifier, which can be operated in downdraft and updraft gasification system. The most important operating parameter studied in this paper was the influence of the amount of supply air on the temperature distribution, biomass consumption and syngas calorific value. The results show that the amount of air significantly influences the temperature in the combustion zone for the downdraft gasification process, where temperature differences reached more than 150 °C. The increased amount of air supplied to the gasifier caused an increase in fuel consumption for both experimental setups. Experimental results regarding equivalence ratio show that for value below 0.2, the updraft gasification is characterized by a higher calorific value of producer gas, while for about 0.22 a similar calorific value (6.5 MJ/Nm3) for both gasification configurations was obtained. Above this value, an increase in equivalence ratio causes a decrease in the calorific value of gas for downdraft and updraft gasifiers.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2018, 39, 4; 59--69
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of fluidized bed biomass gasification in the quasi-equilibrium regime for preliminary performance studies of energy conversion plants
Autorzy:
Kalina, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biomasa
fluidyzacja
termodynamika
biomass
fluidized bed
thermodynamics
Opis:
Thermodynamic equilibrium-based models of gasification process are relatively simple and widely used to predict producer gas characteristics in performance studies of energy conversion plants. However, if an unconstrained calculation of equilibrium is performed, the estimations of product gas yield and heating value are too optimistic. Therefore, reasonable assumptions have to be made in order to correct the results. This paper proposes a model of the process that can be used in case of deficiency of information and unavailability of experimental data. The model is based on free energy minimization, material and energy balances of a single zone reactor. The constraint quasiequilibrium calculations are made using approximated amounts of non-equilibrium products, i.e. solid char, tar, CH4 and C2H4. The yields of these products are attributed to fuel characteristics and estimated using experimental results published in the literature. A genetic algorithm optimization technique is applied to find unknown parameters of the model that lead to the best match between modelled and experimental characteristics of the product gas. Finally, generic correlations are proposed and quality of modelling results is assessed in the aspect of its usefulness for performance studies of power generation plants.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 2; 73-89
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dew point of the flue gas of boilers co-firing biomass with coal
Autorzy:
Ciukaj, S.
Pronobis, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
acid dew point
low-temperature corrosion
biomass
co-firing
korozja
biomasa
współspalanie
Opis:
The paper deals with the impact of co-firing biomass with coal in boilers on the dew point of the flue gas. Co-firing of biomass may have twofold implications on corrosion and fouling, which are the processes that determine the lowest acceptable flue gas outlet temperature and as a result, boiler efficiency. Both phenomena may be reduced by co-firing of usually low sulphur biomasses or enhanced due to increased moisture content of biomass leading to increased water dew point. The present study concerns the problem of low-temperature corrosion in utility boilers. The paper gives (in the form of diagrams and equations) a relationship between water dew point and moisture content of fuel mixture when co-firing coal and various biomasses. The regression analysis shows that despite significant differences in the characteristics of coals and these of additional fuels, which are planned for co-firing in large-scale power boilers, the water dew point can be described by a function given with the accuracy, which shall be satisfactory for engineering purposes. The discussion of the properties of biofuels indicates that the acid dew point surplus over the water dew point ([delta]tr = tr -twr) is not likely to exceed 10 K when co-firing biomass. The concluding remarks give recommendations for the appropriate operation of boilers in order to reduce risks associated with biomass co-combustion.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2013, 34, 1; 101-108
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical modelling of a stoker furnace operated under indirect co-firing of biomass
Autorzy:
Litka, R.
Kalisz, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185683.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CFD modelling
stoker
co-firing
gasification
biomass
modelowanie CFD
współspalanie
gazyfikacja
biomasa
Opis:
The subject of the CFD analysis presented in this paper is the process of biomass indirect co-firing carried out in a system composed of a stoker-fired furnace coupled with a gasification reactor. The installation is characterised by its compact structure, which makes it possible to minimise heat losses to the environment and enhance the physical enthalpy of the oxidising agent – flue gases – having a favourable chemical composition with oxygen and water vapour. The test results provided tools for modelling of biomass thermal processing using a non-standard oxidiser in the form of flue gases. The obtained models were used to optimise the indirect co-combustion process to reduce emissions. An overall effect of co-combustion of gas from biomass gasification in the stoker furnace is the substantial reduction in NO emissions by about 22%.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2016, 37, 2; 235-249
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lab-scale investigations during combustion of agricultural residues and selected Polish coals
Autorzy:
Kordylewski, W.K.
Mościcki, K.J.
Witkowski, K.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biomasa
węgiel
popiół
chlor
żużlowanie
biomass
coal
ash
chlorine
slagging
Opis:
Preliminary lab-scale investigations were conducted on slagging abatement in biomass-firing by fuel mixing. Three agriculture biomass fuels and olive cake were used in the experiments. Polish lignites and bituminous coals were examined as anti-sintering additives. The effects of chlorine release, potassium retention and ash sintering were examined by heating samples of biomass fuels and additives in the muffle oven and, next, firing them in the laboratory down-fired furnace at the temperature in the range of 800–1150ºC. The obtained slag samples were analysed on: chlorine and potassium content, sintering tendency and crystalline components. Among the examined coals lignite from Turów mine and bituminous coal from Bolesław Śmiały mine appeared to be the most effective in potassium retention in aluminosilicate and chlorine release from slag. Possibly the major factor of these coals which reduced ash sintering was relatively high content of kaolinite.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2014, 35, 2; 249-262
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gaseous emissions during agricultural biomass combustion in a 50 kw moving step grate boiler
Autorzy:
Pałaszyńska, K.
Juszczak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
agricultural biomass
boiler
pollutant emission
combustion
biomasa rolnicza
bojler
emisja zanieczyszczeń
spalanie
Opis:
Results of the study examining carbon monoxide and nitric oxide concentrations while burning different types of agricultural biomass: coffee husk pellets alone or in combination with wheat straw pellets and cherry stones, sewage sludge pellets, corn stover briquettes and a mixture of rye straw briquettes and miscanthus briquettes were presented. The combustion was performed in a 50 kW boiler type Biowarmer with a cast-iron moving step grate. The temperature in the combustion chamber did not exceed 800 ◦C. For all biomass types, only brittle slag was generated in the furnace, which was easily broken by a reciprocating movement of the grate. Carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas except for the case of sewage sludge pellet firing did not exceed the permitted value of 3000 mg/m3 and nitric oxide concentration 515 mg/m3, both presented for 10% O2 concentration in the flue gas based in dry gas. Hydrocarbon concentrations for all test runs were close to zero.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2018, 39, 2; 197--208
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Co-firing of biomass with pulverised coal in oxygen enriched atmosphere
Autorzy:
Pawlak-Kruczek, H.
Ostrycharczyk, M.
Baranowski, M.
Czerep, M.
Zgóra, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biomass
co-firing
oxy-combustion
biomasa
współspalanie
oksyspalanie
Opis:
The aim of the paper is a comparative study of co-firing high shares of wooden and agro-biomass with hard coal under oxy-fuel and air conditions in the laboratory scale reactor for pulverised fuels. The investigations of co-combustion behaviour NOx and SO2 emission and burnout were carried out for selected blends. Detailed investigations were concentrated on determining the effect of dosing oxygen method into the burner on NOx emission. The paper presents the results of co-firing blends with 20 and 50% share of biomass by mass in air and oxy-combustion condition. Biomass oxy-co-firing integrated with CCS (CO2 capture) technology could be a carbon negative technology. The reduction of NOx emissions in the conditions of oxy-co-firing is dependent on the concentration of oxygen in the primary stream of oxidiser. A significant reduction of NOx was achieved in the case of low oxygen concentration in the primary stream for each investigated blends. Co-firing of biomass with coal in an oxygen enriched atmosphere enhances combustion behaviour, lowers fuel burnout and as a result increases of the boiler efficiency.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2013, 34, 2; 215-226
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selection of batch process conditions for microbiologicalproduction of lactic acid using waste whey
Autorzy:
Lech, Magdalena
Trusek, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lactic acid bacteria
whey
MRS
Monod equation
biomass
bakterie kwasu mlekowego
serwatka
Równanie Monoda
biomasa
Opis:
The research was focused on the selection of the best conditions for the lactic acid production.As the organic source diluted waste whey was used. Two facultative anaerobic bacteria strains wereexamined:Lactobacillus rhamnosusandLactococcus lactis. The neeed of anaerobic conditions as wellas mineral supplementation of cultivation were investigated. It turned out that the oxidation was not thekey parameter, but cultivation medium needed a supplementation for higher process efficiency. Finally,Lactobacillus rhamnosusstrain was selected, for which LA production was app. 45% higher than forLc. lactis. On the other hand,Lactobacillus rhamnosuswas active at higher lactose concentration, thuswaste whey needed to be less diluted. Additionally, high values of product/substrate yield coefficientmake the process very efficient.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2019, 40, 1; 67--76
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Carbonization of biomass – an efficient tool to decrease the emission of CO2
Autorzy:
Kobyłecki, R.
Ścisłowska, M.
Bis, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biochar
biocoal
biocarbon
biomass
CCS
CO2 removal
biowęgiel
biomasa
usuwanie CO2
Opis:
The paper presents the results and analysis of biomass processing in order to provide the conditions for the most profitable use of the biomass in modern and efficient power generation systems with particular attention put on the decrease of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and no need to develop carbon capture and storage plants. The promising concept of CO2 storage via the production of biochar and the advantages of its application as a promising carbon sink is also presented and the results are supported by authors’ own experimental data. The idea enables the production of electricity, as well as (optionally) heat and cold from the thermal treatment of biomass with simultaneous storage of the CO2 in a stable and environmentally-friendly way. The key part of the process is run in a specially-designed reactor where the biomass is heated up in the absence of oxygen. The evolved volatile matter is used to produce heat/cold and electricity while the remaining solid product (almost completely dry residue) is sequestrated in soil. The results indicate that in order to reduce the emission of CO2 the biomass should rather be 'cut and char' than just 'cut and burn', particularly that the charred biomass may also become a significant source of nutrients for the plants after sequestration in soil.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2013, 34, 3; 185-195
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 36

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