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Tytuł:
Depth dependent X-ray diffraction of porous anodic alumina films filled with cubic YAlO3:Tb3+ matrix
Autorzy:
Serafińczuk, Jarosław
Pawlaczyk, Łukasz
Podhorodecki, Artur
Gaponenko, Nikolai
Molchan, Igor
Thompson, George
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/173841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
PAA
X-ray diffraction
AFM
SEM
crystallization
Opis:
The presented paper deals with the measurement methodologies of the structural properties of porous anodic alumina (PAA) films filled with YalO3:Tb3+ composite using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It shows that the deposited material does not uniformly fill the porous volume of the anodic alumina film and the part of it forms a thick layer on the PAA surface. The aim of this work is to show the differences in the XRD response obtained at different angles of incidence of the excitation beam for the PAA/YalO3:Tb3+ system. Furthermore, this simple approach enables separation of the signal from both regions on the surface and inside the PAA pores, providing more accurate data interpretation. It reveals that the crystallization of the material on the PAA surface and within the pores is different.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2020, 50, 1; 127-134
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intrinsic linewidth calculation in an argon X-ray laser based on the model of geometrically dependent gain coefficient
Autorzy:
Hariri, A.
Sarikhani, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174753.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
Ar X-ray laser
intrinsic linewidth
ASE
Opis:
By introducing differential amplified spontaneous emission intensity, numerical calculations for both homogeneously and Doppler broadened lines, and using the reported experimental measurements of the amplified spontaneous emission intensity and linewidth, we managed to explain the linewidth behavior, and calculate the intrinsic linewidth due to Voigt-profile width in an argon X-ray laser operating at 440 × 10–3 torr argon pressure and current of 21 kA. For the calculation, the intensity rate equation, along with the model of geometrically dependent gain coefficient were applied. The calculated value of the intrinsic linewidth was found to be 55.67 mÅ, which is very close to the Doppler broadened line of 53.52 mÅ. That is, the collision broadening has a very small contribution to the light-matter interaction in argon X-ray lasers. Details of the procedure used for the calculation will be presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2017, 47, 2; 325-335
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on the X-ray wavelength division multiplexing technology for blackout region communication
Autorzy:
Li, Yao
Su, Tong
Sheng, Lizhi
Xu, Neng
Zhao, Baosheng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
X-ray communication
plasma sheath
wavelength division multiplexing
Opis:
After the concept of X-ray communication was proposed, its application in complex electromagnetic environment has received more attention, such as data transmission in re-enter special electro-magnetic condition. In this article, a new type of X-ray source was introduced firstly, which was expected to generate multiple characteristic lines and achieve wavelength division multiplexing technology in X-ray band. Then an experimental platform was built for analyzing transmission characteristics of X-ray photon in various plasma media. Finally, the calculation model for a link power equation was given. Experiment results show that transmittance of 8–18 keV X-ray signal is relatively stable, atomic numbers from 29 to 42 are the most suitable materials for wavelength division multiplexing, the X-ray communication system is expected to realize about 200 kbps data transmission rate in adjacent space.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2020, 50, 4; 619-632
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Ce3+ doping on the algal inhibiting properties of copper/sepiolite nanofibers
Autorzy:
Zhang, C. C.
Duan, X.
Ding, Y.
Srinivasakannan, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
copper
x ray diffraction
alga
miedź
dyfrakcja rentgenowska
glon
Opis:
Algal inhibiting materials were synthesized by the co-impregnation method. Cerium was taken as an algal inhibiting agent with copper/sepiolite utilized as the carrier. The algal growth inhibition was assessed based on the form of presence and distribution of Cu2+ and Ce3+ ions on the surface of sepiolite using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM analysis. The results indicate that at 5 wt. % Cu content, 0.8 wt. % Ce and after heat treatment at 400 °C, the materials exhibit the best algal inhibiting capacity of 83.11%.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2017, 43, 4; 253-263
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal decomposition characterization of supergene potassium-jarosite and sodium-jarosite minerals from the northern Tibetan Plateau, China
Autorzy:
Chen, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
potassium-jarosite
sodium-jarosite
thermogravimetric analysis
X-ray diffraction
Opis:
The thermal decomposition of supergene potassium-jarosite and sodium-jarosite samples from the weathering profiles of sulfide deposits in the northern Tibetan Plateau, China, was investigated. Electron microprobe, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated the presence of nearly pure potassium-jarosite and sodium-jarosite. Thermogravimetric analysis of the potassium-jarosite sample revealed mass losses of 11.39 wt% at 443.0 °C, 20.99 wt% at 688.3 °C, and 3.18 wt% at 779.3 °C. The thermogravimetric analysis of sodium-jarosite revealed mass losses of 11.72 wt% at 447.5 °C, 21.32 wt% at 682.6 °C, and 3.70 wt% at 716.5 °C. The results provide no evidence for water-molecule loss below 400 °C, as has been reported previously for natural potassium-jarosite and sodium-jarosite. Thermal-decomposition mechanisms have been proposed for potassium-jarosite and sodium-jarosite based on X-ray diffraction analyses of samples obtained at distinct points along the respective thermal decomposition processes. A comparison of the thermal analysis patterns of potassium-jarosite and sodium-jarosite indicates that sodium-jarosite undergoes the initiation of lattice destruction at a higher temperature.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 2; 459-466
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TiO2 thin films grown on SiO2–Si(111) by the reactive evaporation method
Autorzy:
Grodzicki, M
Wasielewski, R
Mazur, P
Zuber, S
Ciszewski, A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/173459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
titanium oxide
wettability
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
UV radiation
Opis:
TiO2 thin films were grown on silicon substrates using an electron-beam evaporator. Grainy TiO was used as the evaporation material. Temperature substrate during TiO2 growth was relatively low (about 150 °C), what is important for many optoelectronic devices and multilayers mirrors. High vacuum condition allows to maintain clean surfaces substrates before and during oxide growth. The morphology of titanium oxide thin films was ex situ investigated using atomic force microscopy operating in contact mode, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry, and by means of a contact angle analyzer. The influence of annealing treatment and exposure to UV–VIS radiation on the morphology has been also discussed.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2013, 43, 1; 99-107
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Utilization of cement and other additives for solidification/stabilization of soil contaminated simultaneously with Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions
Autorzy:
Xi, Y.
Wang, H.
Guo, L.
Zhang, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/208172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
cement
soil pollution
X-ray diffraction
dyfrakcja rentgenowska
zanieczyszczenie gleby
Opis:
Various additives, including cement, quicklime, fly ash, montmorillonite, sepiolite and their proportions were employed to stabilize/solidify artificially prepared soils contaminated simultaneously with two kinds of ions such as Cd2+ and Pb2+. The unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soils was measured to estimate the possibility of recycling. The efficiency of Cd2+ and Pb2+ immobilization in contaminated soils was also evaluated using the US EPA TCLP toxicity test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the immobilization of heavy metals. The experimental results demonstrate that in terms of soils simultaneously polluted with Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions, the curing effect of fly ash is better than that of montmorillonite and sepiolite. When Cd2+ and Pb2+ coexist in soil specimens, the curing is more difficult than for Cd2+ or Pb2+ alone, which is antagonistic mechanism. Also, the leaching concentration of Cd2+ and Pb2+ gradually decreases upon increasing pH when pH < 8. For pH ≥ 8, the leaching concentration of Cd2+ and Pb2+ reached a minimum. Besides, the results of XRD and SEM are in agreement with those of the strength and leaching tests.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2018, 44, 1; 61-73
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Species formed on iron surface during removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions
Autorzy:
Suponik, T.
Winiarski, A.
Szade, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
water
zero-valent iron
copper
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
diffraction
Opis:
The subject of the research covered in this paper is the removal of copper (Cu2+) cations from water at low pH (initial values of pH 3 and 6) by means of zero-valent iron. The chemical states and atomic concentrations of solids formed on the surface of zero-valent iron, and the type of deposited polycrystalline substances have been analyzed with the use of XPS and XRD. The type of process causing the copper removal from water at low pH, corresponding to the effect of acid mine drainage, has been identified by analyzing the changes of physicochemical parameters and specified chemicals content in water. Cu2+ was removed from water for the initial pH of 6 was much more effective than at lower pH. The formation of CuxFe3-xO4 , where x≤1, and to a lesser degree Cu2O, Cu0 and/or CuO and/or Cu2S, were the basic processes of the removal of copper at almost neutral pH of water (pH about 6), while the formation of copper in metallic form and Cu2O, as well as probably CuO, were the basic processes for lower pH (pH about 3). The adsorption of Cu2+ on the surface of shell covering square-shaped cold-rolled steel sheet cell was an additional process causing the removal of copper from water at almost neutral pH.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2015, 51, 2; 731-743
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of the carbonation zone in concrete using X-ray microtomography
Autorzy:
Łydżba, D.
Rajczakowska, M.
Stefaniuk, D.
Kmita, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
concrete
carbonation zone
X-ray microtomography
beton
strefa karbonatyzacji
mikrotomografia rentgenowska
Opis:
The article presents an application of X-ray microtomography for identification of the carbonation zone in concrete material. A concrete specimen subjected earlier to harsh environmental conditions is investigated. The material is firstly checked with the use of chemical corrosion indicators and then is subjected to microstructural analysis performed with the use of X-ray microtomography. Two different settings of scanning parameters are applied implying the image resolutions of approximately 14 μm per 1 pixel and about 7 μm per 1 pixel, respectively. The results obtained are then compared and analyzed. The depth of the carbonation zone is evaluated based on the attenuation curve. The paper highlights also the significance of the corrosion phenomenon in concrete structures. Details of the deterioration mechanisms in concrete are shortly presented.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2014, 36, 1; 47-54
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of particle size on chalcocite dissolution kinetics in column leaching under controlled Eh and its implications
Autorzy:
Phyo, Htet Aung
Jia, Yan
Tan, Qiaoyi
Zhao, Shenggui
Liang, Xinxing
Ruan, Renman
Niu, Xiaopeng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
particle size
column leaching
chalcocite
shrinking core model
X-ray CT
Opis:
Natural high grade chalcocite samples were leached in column under controlled Eh, constant temperature and solution pH to investigate the effect of particle size on dissolution kinetics. Moreover, low grade ores of larger size fractions were leached in column using raffinate from the industrial heap as an irrigation solution to simulate the real heap conditions. The leaching rate of large particle sizes (31-200 mm) were very slow without inflection point which are normally present in the leaching of small particle sizes (0.054-31 mm). The effect of particle size was more remarkable in the dissolution of large particles than that of small particles during the first stage (<45% dissolution). However, the dissolution rate of the second stages (>45% dissolution) were not noticeably affected by the particle size. Results of kinetics analysis of leaching of small particles using shrinking core model indicated that the first stage was controlled by fluid diffusion and confirmed by the low activation energies (20.98 kJ/mol). The kinetics of second stage was controlled by chemical reaction and product layer diffusion and the later control became prominent with increasing particle size. Similarly, product layer diffusion was the rate-controlling step for the first and second stages of leaching of large particles. X-ray CT and SEMEDS studies observed the increasing numbers of cracks and porosity and the formation of sulfur layer on the surface of the residue samples. The findings in this study provided some useful implications to optimize the heap performance and understand the leaching behavior of large particles.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2020, 56, 4; 676-692
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
X-ray microtomography (μCT) as a useful tool for visualization and interpretation of shear strength test results
Autorzy:
Stefaniuk, D.
Tankiewicz, M.
Stróżyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
X-ray microtomography
shear strength
shear plane
fine-grained soil
triaxial test
Opis:
The paper demonstrates the applicability of X-ray microtomography (μCT) to analysis of the results of shear strength examinations of clayey soils. The method of X-ray three-dimensional imaging offers new possibilities in soil testing. The work focuses on a non-destructive method of evaluation of specimen quality used in shear tests and mechanical behavior of soil. The paper presents the results of examination of 4 selected clayey soils. Specimens prepared for the triaxial test have been scanned using μCT before and after the triaxial compression tests. The shear strength parameters of the soils have been estimated. Changes in soil structure caused by compression and shear failure have been presented as visualizations of the samples tested. This allowed for improved interpretation and evaluation of soil strength parameters and recognition of pre-existing fissures and the exact mode of failure. Basic geometrical parameters have been determined for selected cross-sections of specimens after failure. The test results indicate the utility of the method applied in soil testing.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2014, 36, 4; 47-55
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of long-term storage of phosphate sludges on their physicochemical properties, the distribution and mobility of heavy metals, and acid generation
Autorzy:
Arroug, Lamya
Elaatmani, Mohamed
Zegzouti, Abdelouahad
Afqir, Mohamed
Ibnoussina, Mounsif
Babram, Mohammed Ait
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
phosphate sludge
X-ray diffraction
soil
contamination
osad fosforowy
dyfrakcja rentgenowska
gleba
zanieczyszczenie
Opis:
Some phosphate sludges (Ps) were collected in 2009, 2014, and 2018. Results of their analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-SED), differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses (TG-DTA) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) confirmed that the Ps are highly carbonated. Descriptive and exploratory statistical procedures for heavy metals (HM) concentrations and chemical parameters were performed and revealed the differences between the Ps of three different ages. The results indicate that there are three sources responsible for the behavior of Ps over years: common origin and accumulation of HIM and solar radiation exposure. The sequential extraction shows that the residual fractions of Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cr were predominant The mobility factor was quite low and did not change over the years, except for Cd. The net acid generation pH for the three samples was greater than 4.5 classifying the Ps as non-acid-generating.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2021, 47, 2; 59-81
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards a viable method of reusing silicon carbide. Physicochemical analyses in the studies on the industrial application of the material
Autorzy:
Niemczyk-Wojdyla, Anna
Fornalczyk, Agnieszka
Willner, Joanna
Zawisz, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
silicon carbide
X-ray spectroscopy
Acheson process
węglik krzemu
spektroskopia rentgenowska
proces Achesona
Opis:
The paper presents an investigation on the feasibility of recovery of the highly valuable silicon carbide (SiC) from the slurry waste generated from silicon wafer production in the photovoltaic and semiconductor industry. Compared to the other techniques of recycling, a facile and low-cost method of waste treatment via heat drying followed by low-energy mixing in a shaker mixer was proposed. As the result of the treatment, the slurry waste was converted into a powdered form with dominant content of SiC. Separated SiC material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and sieve analysis. In addition, analyses of the bulk density, moisture content and melting test were carried out. As was confirmed by the physicochemical analyses, the dominant sieve fraction was in the range of 0.1-0.06 mm, the purity level was a minimum 99% mass of SiC, the moisture content - 0.3%, the bulk density - 1.3 g/cm3. The physicochemical characteristics of the material were crucial for understanding the material performance, assessment of the material quality and determining the perspective directions of the industrial application. The studies revealed that the material exhibited a high application potential as abrasive, especially in abrasive grinding and waterjet cutting.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2021, 47, 4; 43-52
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Halloysite intercalated by potassium acetate
Autorzy:
Mariusz, Adamczyk
Katarzyna, Małycha
Karol, Kułacz
Michał, Pocheć
Kazimierz, Orzechowski
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1450347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
clay minerals
electron microscopy
XRD
X-ray diffraction
TGA
thermogravimetric analysis
dielectric spectroscopy
Opis:
Halloysite was intercalated by the mechanochemical technique from dry components. The process efficiency of 50% was achieved. The obtained intercalate differed from the material acquired using an aqueous solution of potassium acetate. The material was analyzed employing electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and dielectric spectroscopy. It was found that the molecules and/or ions present in the interlayer spaces retain some possibility of movement. This property of the material is promising for potential application as low expensive absorbers of electromagnetic radiation.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2020, 56, 6; 235-243
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elemental composition and origin of PM10 in a fire station in Poland. Real-time results from the XRF analysis
Autorzy:
Mach, Tomasz
Rogula-Kozłowska, Wioletta
Bihałowicz, Jan Stefan
Rybak, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
particulate matter
heavy metals
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
pył zawieszony
metale ciężkie
spektrometria fluorescencyjna
Opis:
This work presents the first results of the metal in particulate matter PM10 analysis and source apportionment in one of the fire station garages in Poland. The study’s novelty includes the high temporal resolution of the elemental composition of PM-bound metals since the gamma-ray fluorescence spectrometer with the high temporal resolution was used in the study. The concentrations of PM10 were measured at the same time using the method of beta-ray attenuation. The concertations of PM10 and PM-bound metals were analyzed with a temporal resolution of 4 h. To identify the source apportionment of metals, three commonly used models were applied: principal component analysis (PCA), EPA UNMIX, and EPA PMF (positive matrix factorization). The concentrations of the investigated metals have high temporal variations while the concentrations of PM10 were low in the garage. The enrichment of PM10 was very high or high, especially in sulfur, zinc, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, and lead. PCA analysis, as well as UNMIX and PMF, showed a high impact of factors related to sulfur on the variability. It showed the impact of combustion, including combustion of liquid fuels, in fire engines may have a crucial impact on air pollution in the fire station. The PMF analysis allowed us also to identify factors responsible for external anthropogenic emissions on concentrations inside the garage. Other identified sources of PM10 and PM10-bound elements are mineral dust, and road dust related to non-exhaust emission, originating inside the firehouse (resuspension and abrasion) as well as from outside.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2023, 49, 1; 57--72
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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