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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Modeling of permeability flow in embankments formed from ash-slag mixture
    Modelowanie przepływu filtracyjnego w nasypach z mieszanki popiołowo-żużlowej
    Autorzy:
    Cholewa, M.
    Baran, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818781.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    modelowanie przepływu
    mieszanka popiołowo-żużlowa
    Opis:
    Z uwagi na deficyt gruntów naturalnych w budownictwie lądowym do budowy nasypów stosuje się materiały odpadowe z przemysłu ciężkiego, takie jak: szlaka wielkopiecowa, pyły, popioły, żużel oraz mieszanki tych materiałów. Jednak w przypadku budowli hydrotechnicznych zastosowanie odpadów przemysłowych wymaga uwzględnienia zjawisk wywołanych stałym oddziaływaniem wody. Jest to szczególnie istotne w przypadku wykonywania nasypów mających pełnić funkcję budowli piętrzących wodę. Podstawą prawidłowego zaprojektowania tego typu obiektu jest zapewnienie szczelności oraz stateczności wykonanej konstrukcji. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań modelowych dwóch wykonanych w skali zmniejszonej modeli nasypów – jeden został zbudowany tylko z mieszanki popiołowo-żużlowej, drugi wyposażono w ekran uszczelniający i elementy drenujące. Badania wykazały, że odpad paleniskowy bez odpowiednich zabiegów nie może być wykorzystywany w budownictwie wodnym. W przypadku zawodnienia mieszanki popiołowo-żużlowej zmniejsza się kilkukrotnie wartość spójności. Obliczony współczynnik bezpieczeństwa i wyniki badań modelowych są zbieżne w kwestii wystąpienia utraty stateczności. Należy więc zmniejszyć możliwie skutecznie dopływ wody do korpusu na przykład przez wbudowanie w odpowiednich miejscach nasypu geosyntetycznych elementów uszczelniających i drenujących, zapobiegających zjawiskom sufozji i upłynniania.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 1; 479-491
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ustalenie parametrów wytrzymałościowych popioło-żużla i piasku pylastego z wykorzystaniem niszczących badań nasypów modelowych
    Determination of Strength Parameters of Ash-slag and Silty Sand Using a Destructive Embankments Model Tests
    Autorzy:
    Baran, P.
    Cholewa, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818589.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    wytrzymałość na ścinanie
    badania niszczące
    analiza wsteczna
    analiza stateczności
    shear strength
    destructive tests
    back-analysis method
    stability analysis
    Opis:
    Soil used as a material to form earth structures has been divided according to EN ISO 14688 on natural and anthropogenic soil. In the process of electricity and heat production, during combustion of carbonaceous material the various types of waste has been arising, such as: fly ashes, slags, ash-slags, etc. These wastes have a very good compaction properties, which is use in the construction of flood banks, dykes and embankments. The ashes are often used to improve and stabilize cohesive soils (which are characterized by a high degree of plasticity) and organic soils. The addition of fly ash improves the shear strength of the soil and reduce the deformability. It is important that before using anthropogenic soil for construction purposes, examine its suitability for use within a given type of a structure and the most effective method of verification are laboratory and field tests. Knowledge of geotechnical properties of soils is essential for the economic and safe design of earth structures. Stability calculations of a ground, slopes, and earth pressure on retaining structures, it would not be possible without the knowledge of soil shear strength and the values of the parameters defining this strength. Destructive tests of model embankments, made of two types of soil: natural (silty sand) and anthropogenic (ash-slag) have been performing for the purpose of this article. The aim of this study was to reach the real values of strength parameters - parameters that determine the safety of earth structures, and to confront them with strength parameters obtained from a standard tests. Problems with determination of real values of the angle of internal friction and cohesion in soil inspire to seek alternative methods involving the trial loading of embankment in real dimensions, simulating a usability load. That method requires in situ studies on a large scale of the embankment and to solve the inverse boundary problem. In this issue the known data are operational or limit loads, and the corresponding displacement, and the unknowns are the values of soil parameters. The authors of this article presented a similar to the described above method for determining the values of selected soil strength parameters, based not on the large scale but on laboratory test models in semi-technical scale. Parameters which we were looking for were: the angle of internal friction (F) and cohesion (c). After forming the embankments test model with slopes 45° and 60°, and performing overload tests, the limit load applied in top of the embankment model and slip surface have been obtaining. These data allowed to pass to the calculation phase using a back-analysis method by adopting one of the slopes stability methods estimation. It was assumed that the tested models of embankments were in limit state just before the destruction. So, the stability coefficient F of the slope had value equals 1,0. To perform a stability analysis one of the limit equilibrium method (Morgenstern-Price method) was used. This method rigorously approaches to meet all of the equilibrium conditions governing the soil. A detailed description of the method can be found in another publication of the authors [1]. The determination of the limit strength parameters has been describing in this article. The obtained landslide surfaces limited by a scarp and slip line have been dividing into 25 to 30 slices and the stability coefficients of model slopes was determining as follows: − range values of the angle of internal friction and cohesion of silty sand has assumed: F = 10–40˚ (slope 45°), F = 20–50° (slope 60°), c = 5–30 kPa, − range values of the angle of internal friction and cohesion of ash-slag has assumed: F = 10–50 (slope 45°), F = 20–60 ° (slope 60°), c = 0–40 kPa,− for all combinations of the F and c from aforementioned range values, the stability coefficient have been obtaining (table 3–6). On the basis of specific values of F, the pairs of F and c for which F = 1 (limit values of strength parameters) the limit curves have been plotting for all test models (Fig. 11 and 12). It was noted that smaller embankment failure load implicate the larger values of the limited angle of internal friction corresponding to lower limited cohesion. The range values of the angle of internal friction in this case is larger than in the soil that could take a larger load (limit curve is sharply inclined). There is also shown that the soil that could take a larger load is characterized by a smaller range of values of the angle of internal friction (limit curve is gently inclined). From the limit equilibrium methods point of view, using the strength criterion described by equation (2), the conditions of stability corresponded to limit state (F = 1) is obtained for any configuration of limit strength parameters, provided that the configuration of the angle of internal friction and cohesion is laying on the limit curve.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2015, Tom 17, cz. 2; 1463-1483
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Problem jednoznacznego ustalenia parametrów wytrzymałości na ścinanie odpadów powęglowych i poenergetycznych
    The Problem of Unequivocal Determination of the Shear Strength Parameters of Colliery Waste and Fuel Ashes
    Autorzy:
    Baran, P.
    Cholewa, M.
    Zawisza, E.
    Kulasik, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819202.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    odpady powęglowe
    parametry wytrzymałości
    Opis:
    Previous researches conclude that coal mining waste and fly ashes are useful in many kind of engineering – especially in building of embankments. In fact that the embankments transfer self weight and external loads, determination of strength parameters is very crucial. The problem of well-determined shear strength parameters conducts to searching alternative investigation methods. In the aim of credible determination of strength parameters of anthropogenic soils, the half-back analysis have been proposing. The paper presents the results of two investigation method: direct shear and limit bearing capacity analysis of slope models. Results of the tests were combined together, for verification of a relationship between shear strength obtained during laboratory tests and possibility slope failure to be initiate in embankment models made of the waste materials. In consequence of the methods combination and apply of some indexing factors into analysis, a real values of the shear strength were obtained in a specific working conditions. Proposed indexing factors can be use to examine what strength parameter, determined using direct shear test, have to be modify. In the analysed waste materials incorporated into embankments treated by braking load, the shear strength parameters determined in direct shear apparatus used for stability analysis, did not confirm stability failure phenomena what has occurred. Investigation of shear strength parameters of coarse minestone waste material in direct shear box apparatus overstate in significant way the value of cohesion. In case of fine size fly ash, the direct shear box test overstate the value of friction angle. It has to be postulated in attention of earth structure safety exploitation, the strength parameters of anthropogenic soils should be determine in real work conditions. If it is not possible, the laboratory tested strength parameters should by modify using tests simulating real work condition of the structure. A testing method used for obtaining the shear strength parameters of coarse and fine size granular waste material, strong interacting on the boundary conditions in test. Shear strength parameters of the tested waste materials are strong associated with the loading path. In consequence, is very crucial what are the work and test conditions of the material.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2071-2089
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza możliwości oczyszczania gazów wylotowych z Hg0 i CO2 na zeolitach syntetycznych otrzymanych z popiołów lotnych
    Possibility of Exhaust Gases Purification from Hg0 and CO2 on Synthetic Zeolites from Fly Ash
    Autorzy:
    Wdowin, M.
    Baran, P.
    Panek, R.
    Zarębska, K.
    Franus, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818585.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    popiół lotny
    zeolit typu Na-X i Ag-X
    Hg0
    CO2
    fly ash
    zeolites types Na-X and Ag-X
    Opis:
    The paper presents the usage possibility of Na-X zeolite as a sorbent of elemental (Hg0) form of mercury or carbon dioxide (CO2). The research material was zeolite obtained in the hydrothermal reaction of fly ash and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. To improve the adsorption capacity of the zeolite with respect to vapour of mercury (Hg0), the zeolite was silver activated by ion exchange method. As a result a form of Ag-X zeolite was obtained. To determine the influence of a modification on sorption capacity of obtained zeolites (Na-X, Ag-X) were subjected to mineralogical and textural characteristics. Then for both zeolites the Hg0 and CO2 sorption studies were performed. Mineralogical analysis of SEM-EDS showed that the sodium ions have been substituted in its entirety with silver ions. After activation of the specific surface area and the share of mesoropores have decreased. However, the share of micropores increased which is associated with substitutions of Na+ ions by ions with a larger ionic radius i.e. silver. Mercury vapour sorption experiment showed almost immediate breakthrough across zeolite Na-X at a flow rate of gas stream at 80 ml/min. Activation of silver greatly improved sorption capacity of tested zeolite and breakthrough of 5% wt. Hg0 occurred after the time of 13017 min. The time for breakthrough of Hg0 for Ag-X is five times longer than for the commercially available activated carbon modified with bromine (AC/Br). Carbon dioxide adsorption studies have shown little effect for sorption capacity for zeolite with silver, where the result for the zeolite Na-X and Ag-X were similar at average level of 25 cm3g-1 for p/p0 = 0.01 (lower values for Ag-X). From obtained results the constants of Dubinin-Raduszkiewicz and Langmuir isotherms were calculated. The monolayer capacity calculated from the equation of Langmuir have shown the lack of differentiation for both examined samples, indicating that the modification of the starting zeolite with silver ions did not improve the sorption capacity with respect to carbon dioxide. Besides in the considered pressure range sorption capacity of zeolites terms to carbon dioxide decreased slightly. The results indicate that the silver modification improves the adsorption of mercury vapour, but has no effect on the sorption of carbon dioxide.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2015, Tom 17, cz. 2; 1306-1319
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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