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Tytuł:
Rewaloryzacja zamku w Blansku
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CASTLE OF BLANSKO
Autorzy:
Lacina, Lubor
Souchopová, Véra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536633.pdf
Data publikacji:
1976
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
zamek w Blansku
rewaloryzacja zamku Blansko
historia zamku w Blansku
Opis:
The oldest historical monument of the town in Blansko is the castle, which developed from a fortified manor-house dating from the 14th century. The author presents the history of the manor-house and the estate of Blansko. The 16th century rebuilding of the manor-house changed its character tu r ning it into a fortified manor-house, which, in turn, was fu rth e r rebuilt in 19th — and 20th centuries. The latest rebuildings caused considerable deformations to the building. Therefore, when in 1958 they proceeded to its reconstruction, the first thing to do was to remove all the annexes. In this way the castle regained its Renaissance character. Gothic elements (e.g. the Round Tower) have been also preserved. Nowadays a museum and a library are situated in the castle. Electricity, water piping and sewerage have been laid on inside the building. Moreover, the park that surrounds the castle has been arranged till now and the approaches of the castle, where administrators live and municipal offices are located, are now being arranged.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1976, 3; 175-180
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zamek w Kazimierzu Dolnym w świetle badań architektonicznych
The castle in Kazimierz Dolny in the light of architectural studies
Autorzy:
Brykowska, Maria
Wółkowski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1927180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
zamek
zabytkowe ruiny
Kazimierz Dolny
badania architektoniczne
konserwacja i adaptacja
castle
historic ruins
architectural research
monument protection and adaptation
Opis:
W artykule przedstawione zostały wnioski z badań architektonicznych wykonanych przez autorów w latach 2010-2013, w powiązaniu z badaniami historycznymi i z wynikami badań archeologicznych. Badania wykonano w Pracowni Rewaloryzacji Architektury „Nowy Zamek” w Warszawie w celu sformułowania wniosków konserwatorskich do projektu stałego zabezpieczenia ruin i zagospodarowania otoczenia. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na przedstawienie w układzie chronologicznym faz budowy i użytkowania zamku od połowy XIV w. do czasów współczesnych. W takim ujęciu opracowane badania in situ oparte na źródłach archiwalnych nie były dotąd publikowane.
The article presents conclusions from architectural research carried out by authors in the years 2010-2013 in conjunction with historical studies and results of archaeological research. The studies were conducted at the “Nowy Zamek” Architecture Revalorisation Studio in Warsaw in order to formulate conservation conclusions for the project of permanent protection of ruins and development of the surroundings. The obtained research results enabled to present phases of construction and functions of the castle from the mid-14th century to contemporary times, in a chronological order. Such in situ research based on archival sources and assuming the discussed perspective has not been published so far.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2018, 1; 7-47
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy konserwatorskie odbudowy i adaptacji zamku w Rydzynie
CONSERVATION PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN REBUILDING AND REHABILITATION OF THE CASTLE AT RYDZYNA
Autorzy:
Kręglewska-Foksowicz, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539471.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Zamek w Rydzynie
spalenie zamku w Rydzynie
adaptacja zamku rydzyńskiego
Maria Jasicka
„Miastoprojekt”
Opis:
The Castle at Rydzyna that was burnt out at the end of hostilities in 1945 has, after many years, found its new owner. The main parts of its shell are dating as far back as to the eighties of the 17th century when it has been built for the Voivode Raphael Leszczyński With a simultaneous adaptation of me dieval layout coming from the early years of the 15th century. The modern castle erected prior to 1965 basing on architectural design prepared by the royal architect Giuseppe Simone Belotti as a four-wing building with an internal court and four corner towers formed probably the last in Poland link in the evolution chain of the Pcggio Reale version of Serliani. About 1700 the architect Pompeo Ferrari of Rome reconstructed the northern wing providing it with an oval-shaped vestibule; at the same time he rearranged the Ball Room situated in the first floor just above the vestibule. After the fire in 1707 and the abdication of the King Stanisław Leszczyński his land estates were, in 1738, purchased by Aleksander Józef Sułkowski. It was namely at that time that an architect invited from Silesia has rebuilt the burnt out western and southern portions of Castle, added the northern wall break with a stair case, shaped the roofs and partly also the facades. More representative and monumental as to their character forms to the outhouses designed by that Silesian architect were given in the 1780’s by the royal architect Ignatius Graff. In the great fire in 1945 totally demolished were the roofs and nearly all the ceilings with their most rich within the area of Great Poland seventeenth-century decorations executed by artists formerly working for the King John IHwhile adorning his summer residence at Wilanów near Warsaw. As a result of restoration the castle shell has been brought to the raw building condition in the 1950’s whereas the floors, windows and doors were provided a few years later. For many years no user could be found for the Castle as its adaptation to modern uses, in view of its enormous volume, was both too expensive and difficult. In 1969 the Association of Polish Mechanical Engineers declared their readiness to organize here a training centre and a home for the Association members devoting themselves to creative work. The basic design which was prepared by „Miastoprojekt” Designing Office, Poznań has been approved by all instances of the state conservation service and also by a commission assessing inv e stment projects. In the further phases, however, quite considerable changes were introduced to design, aimed at safeguarding of relics preserved from the medieval castle and at preparing of such an architectural solution of interiors that it could be possible, with more favourable conditions prevailing in the future, to carry out the full reconstruction of their decorations. The author of the present report has prepared a set of conservator’s outlines that in the form of architectural drawings were elaborated by the architect Witold Milewski. The new user has gradually approved the proposals presented to him and by his resigning of many modern audio-visual installations and equipment planned for the main representative rooms he provided the possibility of their full reconstruction according to 1:25 scale drawings which were prepared by the architect J. Filipiak. As a basis for that reconstruction served the pre-war photographs of interiors of the Castle and greatly helpful, too, proved the preserved drawing by J. Le Pautre of whose decorative motifs and patterns a broad use was made by the seventeenth-century designer of decorations in the Rydzyna Castle; to some extent as auxiliary and comparative materials were used also the photographs and drawings of architectural and decorative details to be found in the royal residence at Wilanów. However, it has been resigned of restoring of the eighteenth-century additions made by I. Graff who in place of paintings by Palloni has introduced the stucco and plaster of Paris adornments. The walls in the castle rooms w ill be covered with decorative style-patterned tapestries. Only in the so called Crystal Study the walls w ill be covered with wainscots and mirrors in accordance with old descriptions of that Castle. In Ball Room the ancient wooden colonnade, will be rebuilt however, with the use of new materials and techniques. The new user has also decided that the ancient park layout is to be recovered within the first, nearer to the Castle, part of devasted and deserted park; the other part, i.e. that on the other side of the transversally running fosse will be maintained in the form of a landscape park with its rich tree groupings that were formed here during the first half of the 19th century. While preparing the reconstruction of the park it was decided to adopt general forms created in the 18th century; the bastion-like outline w ill be restored to the island on which the Casttle is situated and on its western side it will be connected with the town of Rydzyna by means of a new, simple in its shape bridge which the connection w ill be in full accordance with an old townplanning concept of the King Stanisław Leszczyński. The reconstruction of park has been designed by the architect J. Szymański who prepared its outlines in a specialized division of the Ateliers for Conservation of Cultural Property, Wroclaw. All the historical surveys and studies serving as the basis for designing were prepared to order of J. Pic, the voivodship conservator, Poznań who approved all the until now prepared stages of design.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1974, 4; 255-267
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PORZĄDKOWANIE ZAMKU W BESIEKIERACH I JEGO OTOCZENIA. WNIOSKI KONSERWATORSKIE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CASTLE IN BESIEKIERY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. CONSERVATORS’ CONCLUSIONS
Autorzy:
Welc-Jędrzejewska, Jolanta
Witkowski, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Zamek w Biesiekierach
Biesiekiery
architektura obronna
Mikołaj Sokołowski
założenie obronne
opusemplectum
zamek ceglany
wieża bramna
konserwacja
Opis:
The castle in Besiekiery, which is in a state of ruin, is an example of mediaeval brick construction in the Łódzki voivodeship. This monument to defense architecture is located in the Grabów district, in Lęczycki county, and is included in the register of historic sites. After many years of neglect by the district’s administrative authorities, a program/spatial concept was created in 2005 for a historic/recreational complex in the village of Besiekiery, whose main attraction will be the castle. The program places strong emphasis on the cultural merits of the area, among other things, whose development will lead to activities that will guarantee the maintenance and upkeep of the most valuable historic site in the district. This program will also become part of activities which support enterprise in the district and create new jobs for its citizens. Parallel to this, the Regional Center for Research and Documentation of Historic Monuments in Łódź has created “the Program for conservation activities concerning the protection and organization of the area and surroundings of the castle in Besiekiery”, which establishes the range of conservation work on the castle in Besiekiery and its surrounding areas, which came into being under favorable circumstances like the recognition of the fact by the local population that the castle has value as a tourist attraction, and the local government’s undertakings to designate internal funding in order to develop the area of the castle. The texts are accompanied by a planning and spatial analysis.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2005, 2; 5-18
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZAMEK W JANOWCU NAD WISŁĄ. BUDOWA – ROZBUDOWA – RUINA KONSERWACJA – REWALORYZACJA – ZAGOSPODAROWANIE
THE CASTLE IN JANOWIEC ON THE VISTULA. CONSTRUCTION – EXPANSION – RUIN CONSERVATION – DEVELOPMENT
Autorzy:
Żurawski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
zamek
Janowiec nad Wisłą
Muzeum zamek
Rekonstrukcja
wieża
dziedziniec
latryna
amfilada
suite of rooms
mur obronny
kaplica
zespół dworski
konserwacja
Janowiec
Firlejowie
Zamek w Janowcu
forteca
kurtyny obronne
basteja
Muzeum Nadwiślańskie
Lubomirscy
Dwór z Moniaków
Karta Wenecka
Opis:
The castle in Janowiec on the Vistula (county of Puławy, voivodeship of Lublin) was erected as a bastion fortress at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Up to the end of the sixteenth century it was the property of great Polish magnate families : the Firlejs, the Lubomirskis and the Tarłos, whose representatives held the highest state offices in prepartition Commonwealth. Expanded and redesigned in the course of three centuries, from the beginning of the nineteenth century the castle turned into a ruin. Its rapid devastation was the result of dismantling and weak construction material – limestone bedstone. In 1975 the castle was purchased by the Vistula Museum in Kazimierz Dolny, which initiated the permanent securing of the object and opened its own on-the-spot branch entrusted with care for the historical monument. The revalorisation and preservation conducted for twenty five years were accompanied by thorough archaeological, historical and architectural research. Consequently, the museum, mindful of the technical state of the castle, recreated and protected part of the walls, predominantly for the purposes of displaying the original elements of defensive architecture and decorations from the first phase of the construction of the castle. In 1993 the range of the work was extended so as to include partial reconstruction intended to grant the castle assorted functions : museum, tourist, hotel and gastronomical. The general appearance of the castle will continue to be that of a permanent ruin. A complex of wooden manorial buildings transferred from assorted localities in the voivodeship of Lublin has been placed near the castle park. Together with the castle they constitute a functional entity. The author of the article maintains that the accepted range of the reconstruction of the castle, based upon the outcome of meticulous research, is acceptable and suits the criteria formulated in the Charter of Venice. Moreover, he regards a ruin to be a state highly undesirable for an architectural monument, and is in favour of reconstruction conducted to a degree permitted by the results of scientific investigations. J. Żurawski justifies his opinions by referring to universally applied practice which veers from official doctrine.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2003, 1-2; 5-33
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kształtka z rysunkiem sklepienia z zamku w Kowalewie Pomorskim
Mould with a drawing of a ceiling found in the Castle in Kowalewo Pomorskie1
Autorzy:
Wasik, Bogusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
historia technik budowlanych
ceramika budowlana
rysunek architektoniczny
architektura
sklepienie gwiaździste
history of building techniques
construction ceramics
architectural drawing
architecture
stellar vault
Opis:
Wydobywane podczas badań archeologiczno-architektonicznych średniowiecznej architektury ceglanej znaczne ilości tego budulca często noszą różnego rodzaju ślady: powstałe nieintencjonalnie, np. odciski ludzkich stóp czy łap i racic zwierząt, oraz wykonane intencjonalnie, np. rysunki pomocnicze i znaki murarskie. Cegła z zamku w Kowalewie Pomorskim jest fragmentem kształtki żebrowej. Widniejący na niej rysunek nie pasuje do żadnej z powyższych funkcji. Jest to rysunek rzutu czteroramiennego sklepienia gwiaździstego w obramieniu zbliżonym obrysem do kwadratu sferycznego. Prawdopodobnie jest to szkic, przy pomocy którego mistrz tłumaczył pewne zagadnienia innemu rzemieślnikowi. Z informacji źródłowych wynika, że w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie placu budowy zamków krzyżackich znajdowały się siedziby i warsztaty rzemieślników oraz cegielnie. Trzymano tam także zwierzęta hodowlane, na co wskazują widoczne na cegłach odciski racic kóz, świń itp.
Bricks excavated during archaeological-architectural research of medieval brick architecture often carry various marks and signs: made unintentionally, e.g. prints of human feet or animal paws or hooves, as well as made intentionally, e.g. auxiliary drawings and mason signs. The brick found at the Castle in Kowalewo Pomorskie is a fragment of rib mould. The drawing on it does not fit any of the functions listed above. It is a drawing representing a projection of a four-arm stellar vault in a framing close in its contour to a spherical square. It is probably a sketch, used by a master to explain some issues to another craftsman. Source information shows that brickyards, masons’ abodes and workshops were in direct vicinity of ordensburg construction sites. Livestock was kept there as well, which is suggested by goat and pig hoofprints, visible on the bricks.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2016, 2; 21-30
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Średniowieczne konstrukcje ciesielskie południowego skrzydła zamku kapituły warmińskiej w Olsztynie. Przyczynek do historii zamku
Medieval carpentry structures of the southern wing of the Warmia Chapter Castle in Olsztyn. Contribution to the history of the castle
Autorzy:
Skarżyńska-Wawrykiewicz, Magdalena
Wawrykiewicz, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Prusy
Warmia
architektura gotycka
zamek w Olsztynie
badania architektoniczne
ciesielstwo
konstrukcja szkieletowa
szachulec
więźby dachowe
Prussia
gothic architecture
Olsztyn castle
architectural studies
carpentry
frame structure
wattle and daub
roof truss
Opis:
The article presents the results of an analysis carried out during the renovation of a roof of the southern wing of the Warmia Chapter in Olsztyn in the years 2013-2014. The renovation of the castle wing roof provided us with the possibility to freely access normally inaccessible places and an opportunity to analyse the form and rules of carpentry structures found in this part of the castle, that is, a roof truss and frame walls from around 1429, including the stock-taking of carpentry joints that are not visible after the structure assembly. Since it was impossible to carry out a conservation analysis of carpentry structures in isolation from the context they are situated in, the research conclusions often have a broader scope and concern the history of the entire southern wing. The example of the Olsztyn castle presented in the article shows a significant role of analyses of historical carpentry structures in chronological order and studies of architecture and construction monuments. Historical and architectural studies of historic carpentry structures, covering a typological analysis of the structure, along with an analysis of carpentry joints, assembly signs, traces of processing and other traces and distinguishing marks, e.g inscriptions, as well as comprehensive archival studies allow chronological breakdown of the sole carpentry structure and determination of relative chronology and stratification of the entire historic building, usually subject to conversions and reconstructions over centuries. As we can see on an example of the discussed monument, studies of historical carpentry structures can often contribute to targeting architectural studies of the entire object, representing a point of departure for stratification of the entire building in many cases. Researchers have not paid much attention to wooden structures of the Olsztyn Castle. As we can speculate, a frame structure of the southern wing yard wall with a secondary masonry work could have been beyond the awareness of castle users and researchers. The level of complexity of frame structures of walls erected along with mezzanine floors and a structure of roof truss attests to the fact that the wooden structure of the granary was erected one of the highly qualified carpentry workshops, established and functioning in the Teutonic Knights state in Prussia in the 14th and 15th centuries under the influence of settlers coming from the West. Broader studies of the typology of medieval frame structures on the territory of former Prussia, especially those applied in secular construction, are seriously hindered due to the low number of preserved fachwerk walls to our times. Therefore, we should all the more indicate the need for preparing detailed documentations and analysing all relics of ancient frame structures, even those – or perhaps especially those – hidden behind subsequent masonry work, which was attempted at demonstrating on the basis of an analysis of medieval carpentry structures of a former granary in the southern wing of the Olsztyn fortress. It is not for the first time that it turns out how important the performance of scientific research during the construction investments carried out in an architecture monument is for its preservation. Not only does it allow us to become familiar with its structural transformations and supplement previous knowledge, but also to verify previous findings. Such simultaneous continuation of scientific research can often influence the construction process itself, allowing potential corrections of initial investment assumptions for the benefit of the monument’s value. As regards the roof of the southern wing of the Olsztyn Castle, the research influenced, among others, the scope and method of conducting carpentry works and the type of reconstructed roof covering. No pre-investment architectural studies carried out at an object that is continuously used cannot contribute to the collection of such a large amount of information about a given monument, as regular, careful supervision exercised by persons with appropriate qualifications, carried out during renovation works.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 2; 65-92
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ badań archeologicznych i architektonicznych na konserwację zamku w Wiśniczu
THE EFFECT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES ON THE CONSERVATION OF THE CASTLE IN WIŚNICZ ON THE BASIS OF SELECTED PROBLEMS
Autorzy:
Dworaczyński, Eligiusz
Niewalda, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536047.pdf
Data publikacji:
1981
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
wpływ badań archeologicznych i architektonicznych na konserwację zamku w Wiśniczu
konserwacja zamku w Wiśniczu
zamek w Wiśniczu
Wiśnicz Nowy
badania zamku w Wiśniczu
fazy rozwoju zamku w Wiśniczu
Opis:
The castle in Nowy Wiśnicz is one of the most imposing architectural monuments in Little Poland. It is situated on the top of a wide elevation which is part o f the Sub-Carpathian Hills. Castle buildings consist o f the main part, i.e. the palace, and of surrounding bastion fortifications laid out on a regular pentagon. Apart from a harmonous form the castle boasts a rich decor of ingeniously made architectural details. The oldest mention o f the castle dates back to the second half of the 14th century when a Jan Kmita left it in 1364 to his son. Since then until 1553 the castle was owned by the Kmitas, the most outstanding o f whom was Piotr, the last o f the line. In the years 1553—1593 the castle belonged to the Barzi family, who in turn sold it to Sebastian Lubomirski. His descendants were in possession of the castle till 1720. They were followed by the Potockis and the Zamoyskis. In 1901 the castle was bought by the Lubomirski Family Association and at present, as an example o f national culture, it is under the protection of the State. Ten years ago, with Professor Janusz Bogdanowski as the author, thorough complex investigations on the whole structure were undertaken and performed by specialistic laboratories o f the State Enterprise for Conservation of Art. Research works covered three basic subjects: the proper part o f the castle with Kmitówka (a ,,cekhaus”), bastion fortifications from the 18th century and Gothic- -cum-Renaissance fortifications uncovered in the outer courtyard, the major part o f which have been preserved till today. Their development and planned exposition made the core o f the article. In the first stage, until 1400, the castle played a role of knight’s watch-tower guarding the near travel route to Hungary. It consisted only o f a stone tower and defensive walls laid out on the plane o f a quadrangle. In the second stage, at the early 15th century, the castle was surrounded by a moat and castle dikes (ramparts) from the east, south and west. The area adjacent to the northern wall was encircled with a palisade forming the glacis. By the end of the 15th century, in the third and fourth stages, wooden buildings were erected at the foot of the castle. It was only in the fifth stage, at the beginning of the 16th century, that construction works were initiated in the foreground during which the rampart was heightened and end stone gates were put. The western gate has a form o f a horseshoe and its straight wall looks at the homesteads lying at the foot o f the castle. The western wall has four loop-holes, one o f which is for heavy weapons. Apart from the vestibule, the interior of the building has two vaulted halls in two tiers. The north gate looks similar, but it is more elongated. In the rounded outer wall there are three loop-holes for small arms. Gate openings of the two structures have semi-circular portals. The third rectangular gate building, linked with it by a wallcovered neck, was uncovered near to the northern gate. In the sixth stage (1515—1553) on the southern side of the castle’s foreground a military „cekhaus” , known as Kmitówka, with two terraces on its side, was built. The front wall of the building was reinforced with earth. The pallisade was partially replaced with defensive walls. Later on, on the northern slope of the elevation the so-called ,,big-eared” bastion was erected, whose task was to shield the gate and to control the road leading to the castle. In the beginning of the 17th century, when bastion fortifications were built, the earlier system of defence was partially pulled down and buried. The most interesting problem of conservation was to arrange western part of the view gallery, designed by Tylman von Gameren. Together with the archaeological reserve it constitutes the entity with great spectacular values. The reserve comprises the western gate building, part of the rampart adjacent to it including a terrace and stairs, a terrace brick-wall under the western part of the castle palisade and paving-stones in the 16th-century courtyard.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1981, 1-2; 19-28
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zamek w Radzyniu Chełmińskim. Technika i etapy budowy siedziby krzyżackich komturów i konwentu
The castle in Radzyń Chełmiński. Technique and stages of building a seat of komturs and the convent of the Teutonic Knights
Autorzy:
Wasik, Bogusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Radzyń Chełmiński
zamek
Krzyżacy
architektura
budownictwo
castle
Teutonic Knights
architecture
construction
Opis:
Radzyń Chełmiński is situated in the northern part of the Chełmno Land. In the Middle Ages, an important route from Pomesania led through that area. In that strategic place, most probably on the basis of an early medieval settlement, the Teutonic Knights led by Herman Balk erected the first fortress in 1234. In 1243, it was one of a few which was not conquered by Prussian rebels. In mid-13th century, it became a komtur’s seat. As the archaeological research has shown, the masonry castle was erected in a new place. On the basis of the research, as well as the architectural analysis of the preserved walls and size of bricks, it is possible to reconstruct the building process of the fortress. In the first phase, in the following stages, which had basically been pre-planned, the convent building was erected. In the first stage, a curtain wall of the convent building was built in narrow-space foundation trenches and, at the same time, window openings, vault prop and toothing for future partition walls of the flanks were prepared. After erecting a curtain wall, the level of the area around the convent house was raised by about 2.5 meters, creating an artificial hill. In the following stage, the main (southern) flank was erected. On the level of the cellars, short rudiments of walls of the neighbouring flanks were built, leading out from its northern wall. Other flanks of the castle were built later. On the basis of the consistency of architecture and the measurement analysis of the bricks, it should be stated that the application in various parts of the building of the Wendish (cellars) and Gothic (ground parts, some partition walls in the cellars) brickwork does not mean that the phases of construction of those elements were distant in time. The sizes of the bricks used in the entire building are consistent irrespective of the brickwork. The use of the Wendish brickwork in the cellars can be explained by the fact that it was used for facing the stone wall, unlike the Gothic brickwork, which was in full brick walls. The buildings erected in the second stage of construction of the castle were made of brick of a visibly larger size. At that time, the bergfried was probably erected, as well as the outer ward with a dansker and an outer bailey. The use of various types of brickwork in the curtain wall of the latter should be explained by work of various teams of bricklayers. In connection with the construction of the elements of the castle listed above, further earth works were performed, that is, the level of the outer ward was elevated and made even, the plateau of the outer bailey was widened from the south and an embankment was constructed in front of its western curtain. The last medieval building works comprised the erection of buildings on the outer ward of the convent house. The chronology of construction of the castle was examined by researches in different ways. On the basis of forms of gables of the main flank, it can be determined that the construction of the convent house was completed in the 40s of the 14th century. Thus, it was probably undertaken before the congress of the dignitaries of the order, which was held in Radzyń in 1329. Perhaps, during the congress, the works on the rooms in the main flank of the castle (the chapel and the refectory) were about to be finished. On the other hand, it should be estimated that the outer ward and the bailey were erected in mid- and second half of the 14th century.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 167-181
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PIĄTKI KONSERWATORSKIE NA ZAMKU KRÓLEWSKIM W WARSZAWIE
CONSERVATION FRIDAYS AT THE ROYAL CASTLE IN WARSAW
Autorzy:
Szulińska, Margerita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Piątki konserwatorskie
Zamek Królewski w Warszawie
zabytki Mazowsza
Węgrów
Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki
Wołomin
Pułtusk
Milanówek
Opis:
Aseries of meetings held as part of Conservation Fridays at the Royal Castle in Warsaw has taken place for the second time. The motto of the new edition was “Cultural heritage as an opportunity for the development of the region – the protection and promotion of the monuments of Mazovia”. The selection of problems took into consideration the presentation of successfully realised projects and a promotion of interesting initiatives, which for assorted reasons have not been implemented. The intention of the organisers was to initiate a discussion on the role of the self-government in the protection of historical monuments and associated local spatial policy as well as possibilities for the solution of local problems and trends of pertinent cooperation. Conservation Fridays at the Royal Castle in Warsaw demonstrate the significant role performed in the protection of historical monuments by a fully conscious and sensible policy of the communes; the same holds true for the creation of a positive social attitude. The titular events also prove the relevance of extensive and sincere debates that render their participants aware of heretofore neglected opportunities for the progress of the voivodeship of Mazovia.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2007, 3; 13-15
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy techniczne związane z konserwacją malowideł ściennych w kaplicy Trójcy Św. na Zamku w Lublinie
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE CONSERVATION OF WALL PAINTINGS IN THE CHAPEL OF HOLY TRINITY IN THE CASTLE IN LUBLIN
Autorzy:
Stawicki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539679.pdf
Data publikacji:
1982
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
konserwacja malowideł ściennych
kaplica Trójcy Św. na Zamku w Lublinie
Zamek w Lublinie
wypełnianie szczelin wewnątrz muru
kity i łaty wapienno-gipsowe i cementowe
usunięcie soli z powierzchni malowideł
Opis:
The latest conservation of wall paintings carried out in the chapel of Holy Trinity in the castle in Lublin was the th ird one in succession. The first conservation works combined with a discovery of polychromy were made in 1917—1918 and in 1921—1923 and then again after nearly forty years (1956/57/59) by a team of conservators associated with a state-owned enterprise of monuments conservation workshops (Warsaw branch). The latest conservation works covering studies, experimental and technical operations lasted from 1972 to 1979; in 1976—1979 a complete conservation of paintings in the presbytery was carried out (including a removal of the saltings, putting of fresh p u tty and lime patches, injections, artistic and aesthetic solutions). Conservation works in the chapel brought to light at least five different technical measures. The first and basis technical intervetnion was the strengthening of the internal structure of the walls in the whole chapel (the nave and presbytery) in which there were various non-identified oriffices and deep cracks as well as open or closed caverns re sulting from faulty technical solutions (a Polish weft with an outer facing made from bricks filled with ru b ble and with a lime-cum-sand mortar). The elimination of the said oriffices and damages was done by means of flushes of liquid mortar having hydraulic properties, prepared from Portland cement, lime and sand and a significant part of water. In those places of th e wall where liquid mortar with hydraulic properties was used, fresh patches and putty were made only after a full twenty-eight-day setting of the flush in order to avoid a possible diffusion of parts of cement to outer layers (carrying a painting layer, painting reconstructions and retouches). The second te chnical operation was the wedging (in the vaulting of the presbytery) of groins on joints with the eastern keystone. The joints produced triangles (due to a p a rtial slipping of the groins), in which the only points of bearing (i.e. of groins against th e keystone) were th e ir upper parts. To wedge, oak keys were applied; they were set in from the bottom and covered with proper putty. The th ird technical intervention was a removal of old putty and lime-cum-gypsum and cement patches which, as it is well-known, absorb moisture to a high extent and, as a result, bring about changes in the volume or surface changes in colour and value (painting reconstructions, retouches). Fresh patches and p u tty were made from lime-muc-sand mortar and lime mortar with a fine-grained lime filler. The fourth technical problem solved simultaneously with the putting of putty and lime patches were injections of pocketed parts of the plaster (protruding off the wall). Most of the injections were prepared from lime caseins with a 10 per cent addition of vinyl polyacetate in wate r dispersion made on the vaulting (about 75 per cent). The fifth technical operation was a removal of the salt from the surface of paintings, which in many places were poorly readable. Determinations of the samples taken from different places of the chapel (the nave and presbytery) have shown th a t these were water-soluble salts and th a t they are found both in plasters and in bricks. After a number of tests made in the whole chapel (employing the wet method by means of compresses and the dry one, mechanically) the salts found in the presbyte ry were removed by the dry technique, mainly with drafting gum.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1982, 1-2; 79-90
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konserwacja Wawelu w świetle doktryn konserwatorskich
The conservation of Wawel castle in the light of conservation doctrines
Autorzy:
Stępień, Piotr M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Wawel
prace konserwatorskie i restauratorskie na Wawelu
konserwacja Wawelu
prace na Wzgórzu Wawelskim
studium restauracji zamku
projekt restauracji katedry
Sławomir Odrzywolski
regotycyzacja prezbiterium
Zygmunt Hendel
doktryny konserwatorskie na Wawelu
Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz
prof. Witold Minkiewicz
prof. Alfred Majewski
koncepcje prac konserwatorskich na Wawelu
prof. Jan Ostrowski
Opis:
The article analyses the conservation and restoration conducted from the third quarter of the nineteenth century on Wawel Hill, both within the royal residence complex and the cathedral, from the viewpoint of the then prevailing and present-day conservation doctrines. The first pioneering study of the restoration of the royal castle, prepared by Tomasz Pryliński in 1881-1882, must be highly assessed also as regards the current conservation method. On the other hand, the project of the restoration of the cathedral proposed by Sławomir Odrzywolski in 1886 still contained numerous elements of stylistic purism. In the course of its realisation it was considerably modified by a limitation of the re-Gothicisation, a preservation of the majority of the historical strata and an introduction of modern elements (Art Nouveau). The project of the restoration of the castle presented by Zygmunt Hendel in 1908 became the topic of a discussion in which diverse stands were represented by Max Dvořak, the chief conservator of historical monuments in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and Professor Stanislaw Tomkowicz, chairman of the Castle Restoration Committee. Continuing the ideas launched by Alois Riegel, Dvořak was in favour of strictly comprehended conservation, while Tomkowicz defended the idea of scientific restoration. The outcome of the discussion was a compromise favourable for Wawel Hill, entailing a resignation from controversial reconstruction proposals but not from the actual restoration of the royal residence. In 1916-1939 the restoration of the castle was continued by Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz, whose specific approach was based more on artistic creation. Today, his realisations already possess a certain historical value and deserve to be subjected to conservation protection on their own merit. Their essential novelty consisted of arranging two archaeological- -architectural reservations. Out of for four conceptions pertaining to the whole Hill (1917, 1919, 1939, 1946) Szyszko-Bohusz or his successors implemented the best elements. Fortunately for Wawel Hill, they did not realise plans for a Pantheon and an amphitheatre, which cannot be favourably judged from the viewpoint of conservation doctrine. After the Second World War conservators resigned from these plans and under the supervision of Witold Minkiewicz and Alfred Majewski initiated, i.a. work on mediaeval walls in the western and southern part of Wawel Hill. The range of the reconstruction was distinctly limited in comparison with the conceptions expounded by Szyszko-Bohusz, thus expressing the transformations of the conservation doctrine of the period. In 2008 a positive opinion about those realisations was reflected in its entry into a register of historical monuments as a “conservation document”. Modern elements of exposition arrangements introduced into the Treasury, the Armoury and the exhibition “The lost Wawel” are distinct from the authentic substance, a solution that reflects a clear-cut impact of the doctrine recorded in the Charter of Venice. Complex conservation, comprising the next stage of work conducted on Wawel Hill, had been initiated in 1990 by the present-day Director of the Royal Castle on Wawel Hill and Conservator of Historical Monuments on Wawel Hill – Professor Jan Ostrowski. The basic premises of these undertakings are contained in the Statute of the Royal Castle on Wawel Hill, which defines both the function of the Castle complex as a museum- -historical residence and the trend of conservation: “the preservation of the historical substance of monuments belonging to the Castle”. “Conservation” should, however, be comprehended as “conservation- -restoration”, since present-day activities should supplement those of the predecessors and not negate them. Such a continuation of earlier initiatives included the recreation of the surface of the arcade courtyard, the recreation of the historical crowing of Lubranka, the completion of the conservation- -restoration of the Sandomierz bastion, the architectural correction of the elevation of the Royal Kitchens (no. 5), the recreation of the royal gardens and the revalorisation of the complex of Gothic houses, i.e. building no. 7. An essential element in embarking upon conservation decisions is a valorisation of the historical strata, which includes also the results of earlier conservation. The negative opinion about the nineteenth- century introduction of barracks in the royal palace complex is maintained, but Austrian fortifications extant up to this day have been recognised as an element subjected to protection. Redesigning introduced during the Nazi occupation, fortunately not extensive, has also been negatively assessed. The principles applied in reference to the outcome of previous conservation assumed their preservation as historical values unless they collide with the fundamental purpose of the presentation of a historical royal residence, i.e. falsify its image or damage its historical substance. In such cases, corrections are advised, as exemplified by the exit from the castle to the royal gardens and a new arrangement of the reservation in the west wing of the castle.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2009, 1; 83-100
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technologiczna analiza późnogotyckich i renesansowych kafli z zamku w Dubiecku
TECHNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SELECTED TILE FRAGMENTS FROM THE DUBIECKO CASTLE AREA
Autorzy:
Wirska-Parachoniak, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537836.pdf
Data publikacji:
1970
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
kafle z Dubiecka
skład masy ceramicznej
struktura kafli
pomiary planimetryczne
podwójne wypiekanie płytek
Opis:
Fragments of selected 10 Gothic and Renaissance tiles coming from the Dubiecko castle area were subjected to technological investigations aimed at achieving the characteristics of material from which the tiles were manufactured and also establishing the approximate features of their make. To determine the raw material of the pottery mass samples were taken for macroscopic examination and the nicol observations including the planimetrie measurements. The above examinations have shown that clay used for the tile manufacture in most cases w'as fairly homogeneous with considerable content of fin e - grained, primary non-plastic components. This could be handled as an indication that, although the production of tiles covered a relatively wide span of t ime, for their manufacture local resources of raw materials were used. As an artificial non-plastic admixture 20 to 27 per cent of sifted quartz grit (no grains of more than 500 u mesh have been found) together with pottery (chamotte) cullet was used; however, no traces of cullet were found in one sample denoted „B-5”. Further, it has been found that some decorative e le ments were formed using the potter’s wheel which the fact has been clearly reflected through the direction of material’s inner pattern in some samples (in particular of that in sample marked A-3). In order to determine the maximum temperature at which the tiles were baked the samples cut out from greater units were subjected to dilatometric measurements allowing to settle their caking point in accordance with the original maximum temperature of product baking. In addition, a thermic differential analysis was applied by means of the curve tracing, recording the changes occurring in substance as result of heat absorbtion or emission (with possible effects only above the temperature to which the sample has originally been heated). The investigations conducted have shown that the temperatures at which the tiles were baked varied from 850°C to 1020°C.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1970, 4; 303-310
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt adaptacji ruiny zamku ogrodzienieckiego dla potrzeb turystycznych
PLAN FOR ADAPTATION OF THE RUINS OF OGRODZIENIEC CASTLE TO THE NEEDS OF TOURISM
Autorzy:
Łopatowa, Wanda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537537.pdf
Data publikacji:
1977
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
zamek ogrodzieński
adaptacja obiektu dla turystów
trasa zwiedzania zamku w Ogrodzieńcu
Ogrodzieniec
Opis:
The author describes the project aimed i.a. at tracing tourist routes within the Castle, constructing premises for the guides, sanitation, booking office, porter’s lodge and also at organizing a lapidarium. The next problem discussed is that o f conservation technological solutions, e.g. the mode in which the courtyard has been prepared for tourist traffic. The sight-seeing route depicted as well, the author expounds the view that the project put into effect is consonant with the adopted conservators’ concept.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1977, 1-2; 46-48
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 38

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