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    Tytuł:
    Wczesnośredniowieczne garnki radzimskie
    Early medieval Radzim cooking pots
    Autorzy:
    Kowalczyk, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531936.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    ceramika naczyniowa
    wczesne średniowiecze
    Radzim
    pottery
    Early Middle Ages
    Opis:
    The article describes three early medieval vessels found on Ostrów Radzimski (Murowana Goślina municipality, Poznań county, Wielkopolskie voivodeship), including an early medieval vessel which depicts human figures, which is unique in Poland [Kostrzewski 1948]. The artefacts were moulded from pottery clay mixed with sand; then they were wholly thrown on a potter’s wheel. At the bottoms of two pots an identical pottery mark was identified. The pots are of similar size; there are horizontal engraved grooves, which become more frequent towards the top parts of the vessels. The presence of two horizontal, parallel slats, cut diagonally, is a characteristic feature. It imitates the crinkle-cut ornament. On the basis of the observed technical and technological characteristics, as well as the morphological and stylistic characteristics, it can be assumed that the vessels were made by the same potter on the same potter’s wheel [see Kowalczyk 2017c: 166]. The artefacts, despite numerous similarities, slightly differ in terms of their dimensions. This results from the manufacturing technique — moulding, and then throwing on a potter’s wheel. When the rich adornment on the vessels is taken into account, one can see the differences which stem from the potter’s unconventional treatment of the surface of the pottery. When considering the technical and technological characteristics as well as morphological and stylistic characteristics, the described vessels should be dated to the end of the 10th–11th century [see Kostrzewski 1948], maybe the D2 stage according to Wojciech Dzieduszycki [1982: 111], that is, from the 10/11th century till the fi rst half of the 11th century. They were probably used by the inhabitants of the Early Piast castle town on Ostrów Radzimski. The vessels were probably made under the influence of West Pomeranian impacts.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2019, 18; 271-281
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nowe znaleziska skarbów i monet wczesnośredniowiecznych pozyskane w trakcie badań powierzchniowych prowadzonych w pobliżu Ostrowa Lednickiego
    New finds of early medieval hoards and coins obtained during surface surveys conducted near Ostrów Lednicki
    Autorzy:
    Tabaka, Arkadiusz
    Malarczyk, Dorota
    Ilisch, Peter
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176154.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    Ostrów Lednicki
    wczesne średniowiecze
    skarby monet
    early Middle Ages
    coin hoards
    Opis:
    Niniejszy artykuł (połączony z obszernym katalogiem) stanowi kontynuację wcześniejszych opracowań dotyczących monet i zapinek rzymskich, odkrytych podczas badań powierzchniowych przeprowadzonych z użyciem wykrywaczy metali na wschodnim oraz południowym brzegu jeziora Lednica. W wyniku prac prowadzonych w latach 2018-2022 na wymienionym obszarze odkryto trzy nowe skarby wczesnośredniowieczne oraz kilka tzw. monet luźnych. Do odsłonięcia znalezisk pojedynczych doszło w południowej i wschodniej części badanego obszaru, natomiast wszystkie znaleziska gromadne (skarby) odkryto w jego części centralnej, na osadach nieopodal przyczółka mostu „gnieźnieńskiego”. Najliczniejszy ze skarbów, o łącznej wadze 16,93 g, datowany na ok. 1015 rok, składał się z 39 fragmentarycznie bądź w całości zachowanych monet (islamskich, Rzeszy Niemieckiej, monety angielskiej, monety polskiej Bolesława Chrobrego i monet nieokreślonego pochodzenia) oraz z 2 niewielkich ułamków złomu srebrnego (sztabki i taśmy). Kolejne znalezisko gromadne stanowił niewielki skarb denarów krzyżowych, które uznano za wybite w mennicach polskich. Składał się on z 6 monet o łącznej wadze 4,06 g, które do ziemi złożono na przełomie XI/XII wieku. Trzecim odkrytym skarbem był zbiór monet polskich o łącznej wadze 2,21 g, złożony do ziemi ok. 1143 roku. W jego skład wchodziły moneta Bolesława III Krzywoustego (1107-1138) oraz denary Władysława Wygnańca: jeden z przedstawieniami księcia na tronie i walki z Lwem (datowany na lata 1138-1140) oraz trzy denary z wizerunkami księcia i biskupa (datowane na lata 1141-połowę 1143 roku). Do zbioru monet tzw. luźnych włączono trzy fragmenty o łącznej wadze 1,01 g. Pierwszą z nich był niewielki ułamek (ok. 1 /6 całości) dirhama Nas.r ibn Ah. mada (301-331 = 914-942/3) z dynastii Sāmānidów, wybity w nieokreślonej mennicy na przełomie 941/2 roku; drugą, niezwykle cenne znalezisko w postaci kolejnego fragmentu monety Bolesława Chrobrego. Ostatnią w zbiorze monet luźnych stanowił fragment nieokreślonego siekańca, który można datować na przełom X/XI wieku.
    This article (coupled with a comprehensive catalogue) is a continuation of earlier studies of Roman coins and clasps discovered during surface surveys conducted with metal detectors on the eastern and southern shores of Lednica Lake. As a result of the work carried out in 2018-2022, three new early medieval hoards and several so-called ‘loose coins’ were discovered in the mentioned area. Single finds were uncovered in the southern and eastern parts of the study area, while all the cluster finds (hoards) were discovered in its central part, on the settlements near the Gniezno Bridge abutment. The most numerous of the hoards, with a total weight of 16.93 grams, dated around 1015, consisted of 39 fragmentary or fully preserved coins (Islamic, German Reich, English coin, Polish coin of Bolesław the Brave and coins of undetermined origin) and 2 small fractions of silver scrap (a bar and a tape). Another cluster find was a small hoard of Crusader denarii that were thought to have been minted at Polish mints. It consisted of 6 coins with a total weight of 4.06 g., which were deposited into the ground at the turn of the 11th / 12th century. The third hoard discovered was a collection of Polish coins weighing a total of 2.21 grams, deposited into the ground around 1143. It included a coin of Bolesław III the Wrymouth (1107-1138) and denarii of Władysław the Exile: one with depictions of the prince on the throne and fighting the Lion (dated 1138-1140) and three denarii with images of the prince and the bishop (dated 1141-mid 1143). Three fragments weighing a total of 1.01 grams were included in the collection of so-called loose coins. The first was a small fraction (about 1/6th of the total) of a dirham of Naṣr ibn Aḥmad (301-331 = 914-942/3) of the Sāmānid dynasty, minted at an unspecifi ed mint in 941/2; the second, an extremely valuable find in the form of another fragment of a coin of Bolesław the Brave. The last in the collection of loose coins was a fragment of an unspecifi ed fragmented coin, which can be dated to the late 10th/early 11th century.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2022, 21; 165-237
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    W poszukiwaniu dźwięków przeszłości. Zagadkowy przedmiot z Ostrowa Lednickiego
    In the search for the sounds of the past. A mysterious object from Ostrów Lednicki
    Autorzy:
    Wrzesiński, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532340.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    Ostrów Lednicki
    wczesne średniowiecze
    drewniane instrumenty muzyczne
    early Middle Ages
    wooden musical instruments
    Opis:
    People devote almost all their life to ensure themselves and their family a proper standard of living. Their activities focus on acquiring food, organizing a safe living space and ensuring safety. However, if our activity was restricted only to the vital needs formulated in this way, it would not only be a far-reaching simplification but most of all a rejection of the greatest characteristics of a human being — their free will and their mind. These allow one to move to the spiritual realm, and search for social bonds without restricting oneself only to living functions. People need community integration not only through work, but also through entertainment, sensations and experiences, which result from various experiences in life from the moment of birth till death. In the 2nd half of the 10th century the land under the Piast reign was entering the Latin civilization circle. Western cultural trends started to permeate the local traditions. New settlements and cultural centres were developing and the existing ones were being remodeled. The residences of secular and church authorities came to be an indispensable and representative facility in new central places. One of the most important gord centres located in the centre of the Piast rulership is the area of Lednica lake. On the biggest island of the lake — Ostrów Lednicki — in the 1st half of 10th century a gord was established, around which a local settlement centred for several centuries. Just on Lednica gord a complex of residential-sacral buildings was created. For over 150 years research has been conducted on the island — both archaeological and the broadly understood interdisciplinary research connected with it. A gord, an open settlement on the island, settlements and burial grounds on the shores of the lake, as well as the waters of the lake were included in the study. One of the research places included the eastern shore of Lednica island, where at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s constructions and layerings connected with the abutment of the east bridge were uncovered (fi g. 1). This research, carried out by Mateusz Łastowiecki in excavation I/87, brought valuable information concerning the construction of the bridge, a point of contact between the bridge and the island, the character of the layerings, and a significant number of monuments, among which the objects made of organic raw material constituted a significant part. A tiny wooden object was one of them (inv. no. 103/91 – MPP/A/158). Unfortunately it was preserved fragmentarily (fi g. 2). It was made of foliaceous wood — beech (European beech Fagus sylvatica L) — and it has a clearly legible and neat form. It resembles a heart in shape (preserved roughly in half) with three holes — two wholly retained and one partially (fi g. 3). A straight broken back-end goes from the wider part of the “heart”. If we look at the object along its longer axis, it can be noticed that the holes do not align — vertically they mark three separate lines. The total length of the preserved piece is 11.6 cm, while the width in the widest place is 3.9 cm. The diameter of the holes, which were drilled slightly aslope with respect to the flat surface of an object, is around 0.6 cm. The “subcordate” part is 8.2 cm long and 0.8 cm thick. In the side plane of the object the “subcordate” part moves at a slight angle to the longitudinal one. There is a slight perpendicular protrusion, a convex — a kind of a threshold — at the point of contact of the two parts. Two transversal cuts around 0.8 cm away from one another are visible at this threshold. At the bottom ultimate longitudinal part, a clear perpendicular cut which creates a shallow (2 millimeter) step which goes to the edge of the fracture is visible (fi g. 5). At the upper part of the described piece, two small symmetrically placed indentations are distinguishable. The object was found in the excavation marked I/87, in quarter B, in the layer IIIa3. On the basis of the cultural material which appeared in the exposed layers and taking into consideration the dates of dendrochronological analysis, the chronology of the IIIa–d layers (in which the described object was found) can be dated to the 2nd–3rd quarter of the 11th century. The described piece of a distinctively formed object certainly comes from the damaged musical instrument. The broken piece is a peghead plate with a short neck. As already mentioned, it can come from a rebec — a stringed musical instrument. The origins of the rebec can be ambiguous. It is rooted in the Middle East, and it reached Europe through the Arabs. The name of the instrument derives from Arabic, in which it is known as rababu. It appears in a similar form from at least the 10th century, and the period between the 10th and 14th centuries is the time of its greatest splendour. Bowed string instruments — rebecs and vielles — were depicted in medieval iconography. On the basis of these sources, a classification of the instrument is possible. It shows that several kinds of these instruments were built in the Middle Ages (fi g. 6, 7). Pieces of diverse objects which are found during archaeological excavations, very often create a lot of problems during the identification of their original appearance and the reconstruction of the intended use of a particular piece. The above-mentioned team made an attempt to identify a piece of the find from Lednica. The initial examination, discussion over the details of the construction and the foregoing experience directed our search towards musical instruments — chordophones — i.e. wooden stringed instruments. The medieval iconography does not facilitate the identification. Information about the use of chordophones by the Slavs already comes from the end of the 6th century. According to the message of the Byzantine writer Theophylact Simocatta, in 591 soldiers from a personal unit of the emperor Maurice (Maurikios) captured three unarmed Slavs, who had come from the Baltic Sea (Sclaveni from the West Ocean). At the moment of their capture they were unarmed, but they were carrying musical instruments — kitharas. It is believed that this is the oldest written source which confirms that Slavs were familiar with musical practices, and the instruments described in it were κιθάραι (kitharas) and λύραι (lyres). It is thought that these names can refer to the plucked string instruments with a corpus-soundbox, to which the Proto-Slavic name gusles can refer. The oldest Cyril-Methodius’ Bible translation speaks in favour of equating the name κιθάραι with Slavic gusles. Interestingly, we can read twice about stringed instruments in Gallus Anonymus, who describes the reign of the first Piast rulers. So far, less than ten wooden chordophones from archaeological research in the area of the Piast reign, from the 10th–15thc., have been known. Lyres, vielles, a nyckelharpa and a gittern have been identified among those. Two wooden lyres come from the 10th–11th century cultural layerings of a gord in Opole. Another lyre, which comes from the 2nd half of the 13th century, was found during archaeological research in a fishing village in Gdańsk. A piece of a wooden outer board of an instrument — probably of a nyckelharpa — from Wolin, can be dated to the 3rd quarter of the 13th century. A gittern of a small size comes from the layerings of the 15th century Elbląg, whereas two other instruments classified as vielles were obtained in the course of archaeological research. One of them comes from 14th century Elbląg, the other one, dated to the 16th century, was found during excavation works in Płock. The greatest number of wooden instruments — from the areas which were in the closest vicinity to the Piast reign — was found on the territory of Ruthenia, especially in Veliky Novgorod. The shape of an object found at Ostrów Lednicki and its detailed examination supported by the material from excavation works permitted the suggestion that this is a part of a wooden stringed instrument. It could probably be a peghead headstock of a rebec’s neck, an instrument where the strings were rubbed with the bow. The reconstructed instrument from Lednica was built from two pieces of wood. The headstock plate, the neck and the corpus were made from one piece, and the soundbox, which was cut into the corpus, was covered with an outer board. During the reconstruction of the complete, probable original look of the instrument, several small but legible signals, visible on the described piece, were taken into consideration. The state of preservation fostered the moderately correct reconstruction of the upper part of the instrument. The fracture of the neck appeared just at the horizontal axis of an object, while the partially preserved upper part of a headstock allowed one to line out a line which gave it a full shape. A very small part of a neck survived, but it was long enough to adjust the proportions. Fortunately, the presence of a small transverse cut suggested the point of the fixing and glueing of the outer board. At the point of transition from a headstock into the neck there are traces which allow one to conclude where a fixing for hanging (?) an instrument was placed. Two holes and a fragment of a third one preserved in the subcordate part formed a basis for drawing conclusions about the number of strings and the arrangement of the string pegs. The traces of the cuts on a small transverse bump-fret (a nut) constituted a clue concerning the number of strings and their distance over the neck. The angle created by the headstock and the preserved piece of the neck, as well as the location of a fret, allowed one to roughly work the further part of an instrument out. A subtle but legible indentation at the neck, marked the fixing point of the outer board of a corpus. The reconstructed instrument was equipped with a flat bridge, and strings from sheep intestines were prepared. The rebec reached 46 cm in length, and at the widest point it was 10 cm wide. A bow (length of 67 cm) was made from willow switch, whereas the string from horsehair. What is the significance of the small piece of a wooden object — found during research at the Lednica bridge abutment — for the inhabitants of Lednica? Who was it for and what was its role? We will probably never find this out. However, as a result of the research and discussions we can state that this is a piece of a peghead of a wooden stringed instrument. It could be a part of a gusle (as generally understood, stringed instruments), maybe of a rebec, possibly of a gudok. The name of the find is certainly significant for musicologists, historians who focus on musical instruments, or music theorists; however, for those who conduct research at Ostrów Lednicki and study the gord which was established there, the identification of an instrument itself is the most relevant. It is important that we can say that at the time when the gord with sacred places was functioning at Ostrów Lednicki, there were musicians who were playing not only liturgical music but certainly secular music too.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2019, 18; 151-178
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wczesnośredniowieczne rybołówstwo mieszkańców Ostrowa Lednickiego na podstawie materiałów z badań podwodnych
    Early medieval fishery of the inhabitants at Ostrów Lednicki based on underwater survey materials
    Autorzy:
    Popek, Mateusz
    Mosakowski, Szymon
    Baranowski, Kacper
    Ostrowski, MIchał
    Lewek, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176161.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    rybołówstwo
    wczesne średniowiecze
    Ostrów Lednicki
    archeologia
    podwodna
    fishery
    early Middle Ages
    underwater archaeology
    Opis:
    Połów ryb był jednym z powszechnych sposobów pozyskiwania pożywienia we wczesnym średniowieczu. Znaczenie tego pokarmu rosło wraz z upowszechnianiem się chrześcijaństwa i wymogiem przestrzegania postów. Stąd także w przypadku mieszkańców Ostrowa Lednickiego rybołówstwo musiało być powszechną i codzienną praktyką zdobywania pożywienia. Dzięki wieloletnim podwodnym badaniom archeologicznym prowadzonym w jeziorze pozyskano zbiór ponad 30 przedmiotów identyfikowanych jako narzędzia związane z rybołówstwem. Natomiast analiza szczątków kostnych znalezionych podczas badań lądowych dała możliwość rekonstrukcji składu gatunkowego ryb i preferencji kulinarnych mieszkańców Ostrowa Lednickiego we wczesnym średniowieczu. Pozwala to, w oparciu o dane z obydwu obszarów badań, rekonstruować ów ważny fragment życia wczesnośredniowiecznych mieszkańców okolic jeziora Lednica, jakim było rybołówstwo.
    Fishery was one of the common ways of obtaining food in the early Middle Ages. The importance of this element grew along with the spread of Christianity and the requirement to observe fasts. This way of obtaining food must have been common for the inhabitants of Ostrów Lednicki as well. A collection of more than 30 objects identified as fishing equipment was obtained through years of underwater archaeological research. The analysis of skeletal remains found during land surveys has provided an opportunity to reconstruct the composition of fish species and culinary preferences of the inhabitants of Ostrów Lednicki in the early Middle Ages. By combining these two types of sources, it is possible to reconstruct that part of the life of early medieval people which was made up of fishery.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2022, 21; 31-56
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Relikty grodziska w Jankowie Dolnym, gm. Gniezno, w świetle źródeł archiwalnych i analizy danych teledetekcyjnych
    The relics of the stronghold in Jankowo Dolne, Gniezno municipality, in the light of the archive sources and remote sensing data analysis
    Autorzy:
    Krzepkowski, Marcin
    Michalewicz, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044606.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    teledetekcja
    grodzisko
    Jankowo Dolne
    wczesne średniowiecze
    remote sensing
    a stronghold
    early Middle Ages
    Opis:
    Przeprowadzona niedawno analiza danych teledetekcyjnych pozwoliła na dokładne określenie położenia zniwelowanego obecnie grodziska w Jankowie Dolnym, pow. gnieźnieński, wzmiankowanego po raz pierwszy w 1496 roku. Lokalizację silnie już zniszczonego obiektu, na wschód od wsi Jankowo w dolinie Wełny, wskazał już w 1924 roku P. Schumacher. Późniejsze próby precyzyjniejszego określenia miejsca po dawnym grodzie nie przyniosły spodziewanych rezultatów, a badacze brali pod uwagę kilka znacznie oddalonych od siebie punktów. Wiarygodnych informacji pozwalających na umiejscowienie grodziska dostarczyły ogólnodostępne dane teledetekcyjne, uzupełnione o fotografie wykonane z wykorzystaniem bezzałogowego statku powietrznego.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2021, 20; 33-50
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przeprawa mostowa na wyspę Ledniczka. Wstępne wyniki badań
    Bridge crossing to Ledniczka island. Preliminary research results
    Autorzy:
    Pydyn, Andrzej
    Popek, Mateusz
    Dębicka, Daria
    Radka, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532641.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    archeologia podwodna
    Ostrów Lednicki
    wczesne średniowiecze
    przeprawy mostowe
    underwater archaeology
    early Middle Ages
    bridge
    Opis:
    Advanced noninvasive research carried out in “The cradle of the Piasts: archaeological underwater prospections in the area of Lednickie Lake” (“Kolebka Piastów archeologiczne prospekcje podwodne w rejonie Jeziora Lednickiego”) project, provided a new collection of artefacts and archaeological sites. In the first stage of the project an archive research was carried out and it showed that there are 61 archaeological sites of different character and chronology in the close proximity to the lake. In the further part of the project, non-invasive research with the use of a magnetometer, a multibeam sonar and a subbottom profiler were conducted. This stage of the project was possible due to cooperation between the team from the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, which was conducting hydroacoustic research, and underwater archaeologists. In the course of the survey of bathymetric anomalies between Ledniczka island and the west coast of the lake, construction elements were identified. Therefore, the terrain between an island and the mainland was thoroughly searched in order to verify the object which was found. During the search of the bottom by the divers in the designated place, more horizontal structural elements were identified. Localizing vertically impaled wooden constructions identified as piles, was the key point. These elements confirm that in the described place, there was a third bridge on Lake Lednica. Samples for dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating were collected from the P1, P4, P5 piles and V object. Only the sample from object V was suitable for dendrochronological dating, as it did not contain a sapwood layer. As a result it was possible to determine the date when the tree was cut, i.e. after 1293, hence most probably at the turn of 13/14th centuries [Ważny 2017]. Sample wood from pile 1 was subject to radiocarbon dating and the 1085±30 BP date was obtained. After calibration it can be said that it is 68.2% probable that the analyzed material comes from 900–993 (900–922: 22.3%; 948–993: 45.9%). Whereas it is 95.4% probable that it comes from 894–1016 (894–932: 30.5%; 937–1016: 64.9%) [Goslar 2017]. In conclusion, it can be said that during the research, the relics of the bridge leading from the mainland to Ledniczka island located on the W–E axis were localized. The crossing is located at the narrowest place between an island and the mainland. This is around 100 meters and this is the probable length of the bridge. On the basis of the variety in the degree of wood conservation, as well as diverse shapes of the construction elements, and especially the obtained dates from the radiocarbon and dendrochronological datings, it can be assumed that there are two bridge crossings which date to the 10th century and the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. During the 2017 research season an interesting discovery was made. After several seasons of underwater works, a new object was localized and identified as bridge relics. It shows the great archaeological potential of Lednica Lake and how the use of new noninvasive methods can lead to spectacular discoveries. The bridge relics were only identified on the surface level, therefore it is difficult to draw far-reaching conclusions. However, dendrochronological dating makes it possible to determine the origins of the bridge to the 13th/14th century. Militaria found near the bridge are also from this period. The C14 date, which estimates the age of one of the piles for the 2nd half of the 10th century, is very interesting. It can indicate that there were two bridges with different chronology. However, in order to confirm this, further excavation works must be conducted.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2018, 17; 181-196
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Technologia wykonania miecza i czekana odnalezionych w reliktach mostu prowadzącego na wyspę Ledniczkę na jeziorze Lednica w świetle badań archeometalurgicznych
    Manufacture technology of early medieval sword and hammer axe from the relics of the bridge leading to the Ledniczka island on Lake Lednica in the light of archaeometallurgical investigations
    Autorzy:
    Kucypera, Paweł
    Pydyn, Andrzej
    Popek, Mateusz
    Lewek, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044587.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    miecz
    czekan
    archeometalurgia
    Ostrów Lednicki
    wczesne średniowiecze
    sword
    hammer axe
    archaeometallurgy
    Early Middle Ages
    Opis:
    Dwa egzemplarze wczesnośredniowiecznej broni odnalezione w reliktach mostu wiodącego na wyspę Ledniczkę na jeziorze Lednica zostały poddane nieinwazyjnym badaniom archeometalurgicznym. Przeprowadzone analizy pozwoliły na ustalenie metod fabrykacji oręża oraz określenie materiałów, które wykorzystano do jego wykonania. Oba przedmioty są wyrobami kompozytowymi odkutymi ze stopów żelaza o różnych właściwościach. Zarówno miecz, jak i czekan były bogato zdobione metalami żelaznymi i nieżelaznymi. Wykonane badania pozwoliły w większości na odtworzenie pierwotnego wyglądu tych ornamentów.
    Two early medieval weapons discovered within the relics of the Ledniczka bridge on Lake Lednica were subjected to non-invasive archaeometallurgical investigations. The conducted analyses allowed to determine the methods of their manufacture, as well as the characteristics of materials that were used in their making. Each specimen was a composite product forged from iron alloys of varying properties. Both the sword and the hammer axe were richly decorated with ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The research allowed in most parts to recreate the original appearance of these ornaments.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2021, 20; 99-123
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Znalezisko brązowej pobocznicy wędzidła z Ostrowa Lednickiego
    Bronze horse bit cheekpiece from Ostrów Lednicki
    Autorzy:
    Banaszak, Danuta
    Tabaka, Arkadiusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532579.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    Ostrów Lednicki
    wczesne średniowiecze
    oporządzenie jeździeckie
    smok
    bazyliszek
    Early Middle Ages
    horse tack
    dragon
    basilisk
    Opis:
    Construction works related to the implementation of the project of the modernisation and extension of archaeological reserves under the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica were conducted at Ostrów Lednicki in 2010. They produced a small bronze item – a fragment of a triangular-shaped horse bit cheekpiece. Its two long edges (lower and upper) are gently arched upwards, and the shorter one was broken off. The lower edge is roller-shaped and oval in cross section. The preserved end at the contact point of the upper and lower edges is thickened, bilaterally, laterally, and diagonally bevelled (resembling a stylised snakehead). The other one, a broken off end of the lower edge, is slightly bent upwards on the inside. Thisis probably the forepart of the second part, a mirror ‘reflection’ of the preserved plate, with relief. Visible on one of its surfaces is a fragment of the relief: part of the body, a wing, tail and paw of a sitting dragon or basilisk. It has a curled wing adhering to the side and a long snakelike tail with a three-part end. One of them is spirally rolled up under the back of the torso. The dimensions of the fragmentally preserved object are as follows: length 5.31 cm, width 2.47 cm, thickness 0.35 cm, thickness with relief 0.55 cm. The bits discovered at Ostrów Lednicki and in the waters of Lake Lednica (along the bridges and in their vicinity) belong mostly to the two-part type I forms according to A. Nadolski. The find from the suburbium is a fragment of the type II bit according to A. Nadolski. They are believed to date from the tenth to thirteenth centuries, but in most cases they are considered to date back to the eleventh-twelfth centuries. The specimen from Ostrów Lednicki has a plate, cast along with an extended straight side, with a relief showing the dragon or basilisk. The item provides no clue as to when exactly and how it was brought to Ostrów Lednicki. However, this is another, after the ending of a whip handle, high-class horse tack-related object of eastern origin discovered at the site.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2017, 16; 69-79
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Średniowieczna wiersza z rejonu mostu zachodniego na Ostrowie Lednickim
    Medieval wicker fish trap ('wiersza') from the area of the west bridge in Ostrów Lednicki
    Autorzy:
    Gręzak, Anna
    Iwaszczuk, Urszula
    Pydyn, Andrzej
    Popek, Mateusz
    Radka, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532541.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    archeologia podwodna
    przeprawy mostowe
    wczesne średniowiecze
    rybołówstwo
    underwater archaeology
    bridge crossings
    Early Middle Ages
    fishery
    Opis:
    In the 2015 season, the underwater research in Lake Lednica focused on further exploration of two exploration plots of the Poznań bridge — 7 in the XCV area and 5 in the XCIII area and on the opening of a trial trench in the area of Ostrów Lednicki island. During the exploration of plot 5 in the XCIII zone, the wicker object in a radiating out shape was localised. Because of its archaeological value and the need of further exploration, the object was excavated and handed over to the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica for preservation. The excavated object is probably a trap, a type of fish trap called ‘wiersza’ (a wicker fish trap). During examination of the object and cleaning after excavation, a great number of animal bone remains were collected and analysed. They almost exclusively came from fishes. In the bone material, the remains of several fishes were found: a catfish, eight perches, a pike, the fishes of the Cyprinidae family, including at least two roaches, as well as three remains of a pig. In the case of a catfish and the perches there were elements from all parts of the skeletons, while several bones belonged to two roaches and there was one pike tooth. The latter element was probably included in the assemblage accidentally. The conducted analysis shows that the catfish with SL (standard length) 70–75 cm and the perches, in most cases the large ones with SL=35–45 cm, were trapped in the fish trap. It is, however, not certain whether the roaches caught in the trap or had earlier been caught by predatory fish or fishes found in the trap. It is suspected that a phalanx and two ribs of a young pig, which probably come from the same animal, are the remains of a fishing bait placed in the wicker fish trap. Radiocarbon dating of the organic material which the object was made of indicates that it was placed after the bridge was no longer in use, probably in the late 12th or the early 13th century. For unspecified reasons the described wicker fish trap was not emptied and was left among the relics of the early medieval bridge. The discovery of the remains of the wicker fish trap and the analysis of its contents brought new information about one of the ways of fish harvesting used by the inhabitants of the area of Lake Lednica and its efficiency.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2018, 17; 161-179
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wczesnośredniowieczna biżuteria zachodniosłowiańska
    Early Medieval West Slavonic Jewellery
    Autorzy:
    Kóćka-Krenz, Hanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532800.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    ozdoby
    rzemiosło artystyczne
    wczesne średniowiecze
    zachodnia Słowiańszczyzna
    ornaments
    artistic craftsmanship
    early Middle Ages
    western Slavonic territory
    Opis:
    Ornaments worn in the Middle Ages by inhabitants of the West Slavonic territory were basically not utilitarian in their nature. They Brst of all served to satisfy aesthetic needs. Usually, they were made from non-ferrous metals, mostly from silver, but also from bronze, bronze plated with silver, or even from tin and lead. Sporadically, such ornaments were made from gold, sometimes with additions of decorative stones or organic raw materials. Finds from Ostrów Tumski and Ostrów Lednicki point out that within the main strongholds there were workshops manufacturing artefacts of artistic craftsmanship upon the order of the rulers. Ornaments which survived in archaeological materials allow for saying that their manufacturers made use of various methods, from very simple ones, consisting in cutting shapes from metal sheets, to those requiring special skills, such as Bligree and granulation techniques. Manufacturers developed some of these techniques on the basis of their own manufacturing traditions, while others were developed as a result of the adaptation of the skills of West European craftsmen in the 10GH and 11GH c. This was expressed in a wide use of high quality ornamental techniques, which were perhaps learned from the centers of European artistic craftsmanship of those days. The forms of ornaments and the way of their deposition in burials, demonstrate that particular stress was put on the decoration of the women’s heads and necks, with less attention to the hands. On the other hand, men only sporadically wore rings and necklaces or chains, which underlined their social status. A particular variety of forms can be seen in the ornaments of women’s temples. Such ornaments were attached to headgear—maidens’ headbands or veils in the case of married women. Some ornaments are typical for the entire West Slavonic territory and they are remarkable for their long time of use, with special reference to temple rings. Others were manufactured for a relatively short period of time and their use was limited to certain areas. Jewellery worn in the territory of Central-Eastern Europe fulfilled numerous aesthetic, social and symbolic functions. It completed the dress of that time; it not only decorated clothing but also requested its local nature. Furthermore, it underlined the pertinence to a given social group and one’s position in it. It also demonstrated one’s age and personal attitudes concerning the sphere of beliefs. As to its artistic level, this jewellery was only slightly inferior to the ornaments manufactured in the main cultural centres of Early Medieval Europe. This especially concerns jewellery made and worn in the 10GH and 11GH c.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2014, 13; 27-38
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chronologia i stratygraa wykopu w rejonie przyczółka mostu zachodniego na podgrodziu (badania w latach 60. XX wieku)
    Chronology and Stratigraphy of the Trench near the Abutment of the Western Bridge in the Suburbium (Examinations in the 1960s)
    Autorzy:
    Banaszak, Danuta
    Tabaka, Arkadiusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531986.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    wczesne średniowiecze
    Ostrów Lednicki
    most zachodni
    chronologia i straty0kacja
    Early Middle Ages
    Ostrów Lednicki (Lednica Holm) western bridge
    archeological stratification and chronology
    Opis:
    The present paper discusses the results of excavations carried out within the framework of the so-called “Millennium research” (1961–1962) at Ostrów Lednicki. A survey of the abutment of the western (Poznań) bridge allowed to define the time of construction of the bridge as the beginning of the second half of the 10th c. This chronology was confirmed by the dendrochronological analysis of piles. These dates define the time of construction of the bridge as 963–964, while its repairs were carried out in 981, 995, 1007–1008, 1015–1018, 1022 and 1033. These dates imply that repairs of the bridge were carried out at even intervals, each 12–14 years. This may have resulted from the natural durability of the wood used for the construction of the bridge. A stone pavement was discovered around the abutment of the bridge. It hardened the entrance to the bridge. There were also c. 2.5 m wide roads near the lake, which went southwards from the bridge to the stronghold and northwards to the suburbium. The latest date of 1033 would suggest the last repair of the bridge. An assemblage of pottery from layers associated with the destruction (burning) of the bridge is dated to the mid-11th c. The latest of the received dates and the assemblage of pottery from burnt layers allow for dating of the destruction of the Poznań bridge to the mid-11Th c. The bridge was probably burnt in the course of fights over the island. This is implied by finds from the abutment: a sword and a spur, as well as by numerous militaria extracted from the lake by underwater archaeologists: a helmet, a chainmail, swords, stirrups, spurs, spearheads and axes. The lack of an evident burnt layer (apart from scorched beams) and a thick level of rubble may imply that the fire did not destroy the bridge completely and the structure did not collapse at once. The bridge, not repaired and not in use after the fire, underwent slow decomposition. From then, a depression of the terrain near the lake was not used for building purposes and the remains of the bridge and the road were covered by naturally growing layers of loam, sand and turf humus. From the mid-11th c. the island was connected to the land by a ferry crossing, built in the place of the eastern (Gniezno) bridge. In this location, the distance from the island to the mainland is half as much (c. 200 m) as on the western side.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2014, 13; 115-152
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Średniowieczne krążki ołowiane ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy w świetle badań traseologicznych. Możliwości wykorzystania badań mikroskopowych do analiz funkcjonalnych zabytków metalowych
    Medieval lead discs from the collection of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica in the light of traseological studies. The potential of using microscopic studies for functional analysis of metal relics
    Autorzy:
    Wielgus-Wawrzyniak, Barbara
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    analiza traseologiczna
    krążki ołowiane
    wczesne średniowiecze
    Ostrów Lednicki
    odważniki
    przęśliki
    ciężarki
    paciorki
    oprawki
    traseological analysis
    lead discs
    early Middle Ages
    scales weights
    spinners
    weights
    beads
    holders
    Opis:
    W trakcie badań prowadzonych na stanowiskach wczesnośredniowiecznych odkrywane są tzw. krążki ołowiane z otworami. Określenie funkcji tych przedmiotów sprawia wiele trudności. Jedni uznają je za odważniki, inni za ciężarki. Zaprezentowane w artykule mikroskopowe analizy traseologiczne 20 krążków ołowianych i 2 przęślików glinianych pochodzących ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy pozwoliły zidentyfikować szereg śladów powstałych w trakcie ich użytkowania. Zestawiając te informacje z innymi cechami metrycznymi w analizowanym zbiorze krążków wydzielono cztery kategorie funkcyjne: przęśliki, ciężarki, paciorki i oprawki.
    In the course of research conducted at early medieval sites, the so-called lead discs with holes were discovered. Determining the function of these objects poses many difficulties. Some recognize them as scales weights, others as weights. The microscopictraseological analyses of 20 lead discs and 2 clay spinners from the collection of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica, presented in this article, allowed us to identify a number of traces created during their use. Juxtaposing this information with other metric features in the analysed collection of discs, four functional categories were separated: spinners, weights, beads and holders.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2023, XXII; 97-189
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wyniki badań archeologicznych z epoki brązu, późnego okresu wpływów rzymskich i starszych faz wczesnego średniowiecza na nowo odkrytym stanowisku nr 62 (AZP 52-25/184) w Lusowie, gm. Tarnowo Podgórne, woj. wielkopolskie
    Results of archaeological investigations from the Bronze Age, the late Roman influence period and the older phases of the early Middle Ages at the newly discovered site no. 62 (AZP 52-25/184) in Lusowo, Tarnowo Podgórne municipality, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship
    Autorzy:
    Banaszak, Paweł
    Wawrzyniak, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176162.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    ratownicze badania archeologiczne
    stanowisko wielokulturowe
    wczesna epoka brązu
    późny okres wpływów rzymskich
    starsze fazy wczesnego średniowiecza
    obiekty
    ceramika
    rescue archaeological investigations
    multicultural site
    early Bronze Age
    late Roman influences
    later phases of the early Middle Ages
    objects
    ceramics
    Opis:
    Na nieodnotowane dotąd w rejestrach konserwatorskich stanowisko archeologiczne w Lusowie, gm. Tarnowo Podgórne, natrafi ono przypadkowo podczas robót budowlanych. W trakcie prowadzonych przez okres tygodnia ratowniczych badań wykopaliskowych odsłonięto 24 obiekty nieruchome, głównie jamy (w tym zasobowe), domniemany obiekt mieszkalny bądź gospodarczy oraz paleniska i doły posłupowe, utożsamiane z osadnictwem ze schyłkowego okresu wczesnej epoki brązu ludności kultury łużyckiej (epoka brązu?), kultury przeworskiej (późny okres wpływów rzymskich?) oraz z fazy B wczesnego średniowiecza. Nowo odkryte stanowisko wpisano do rejestru jako Lusowo 62 (AZP 52-25/184).
    A previously unlisted archaeological site in Lusowo, Tarnowo Podgórne municipality, was discovered by accident during construction works. During the week-long rescue excavations, 24 immovable objects were uncovered, mainly pits (including resource pits), a presumed dwelling or outbuilding, as well as hearths and postholes, identified with settlements from the late Early Bronze Age of the Lusatian culture (Bronze Age?), the Przeworsk culture (late Roman influence?) and Phase B of the early Middle Ages. The newly discovered site was registered as Lusowo 62 (AZP 52-25/184).
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2022, 21; 85-108
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Relikty osady z młodszych faz wczesnego średniowiecza na stanowisku nr 39 w Krąplewie, gm. Stęszew, woj. wielkopolskie
    Relics of a settlement from the earlier phases of the early Middle Ages at site no. 39 in Krąplewo, Stęszew municipality, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship
    Autorzy:
    Pawlak, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176163.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    wczesne średniowiecze
    zabudowa mieszkalna
    piwniczki
    osadnictwo służebne
    szlaki komunikacyjne
    metalurgia żelaza
    odważniki ołowiane
    biżuteria z brązu
    Early Middle Ages
    residential buildings
    cellars
    servant settlements
    transportation routes
    iron metallurgy
    lead weights
    bronze jewellery
    Opis:
    Artykuł poświęcony jest osadzie, której pozostałości odkryto na stanowisku 39 w Krąplewie, pow. poznański. Jej funkcjonowanie przypada na schyłek XII i 1. połowę XIII wieku. Pozostałości dość regularnie rozmieszczonej zabudowy rozmieszczone są wzdłuż traktu wiodącego z Poznania na południe, w kierunku Śląska. Kluczowe znaczenie dla rozwoju osadnictwa w tym rejonie miały brody, które umożliwiały przebycie szerokiej i trudnej do pokonania doliny Samicy Stęszewskiej. Duże nagromadzenie obiektów związanych z metalurgią wskazuje, że służebności mieszkańców osady, prócz tradycyjnych powinności o charakterze rolniczym, były związane także z pozyskiwaniem rud żelaza i ich obróbką.
    The article is devoted to a settlement, the remains of which were discovered at site 39 Krąplewo, Poznań county. Its functioning dates to the late 12th and the 1st half of the 13th century. Remnants of fairly regularly spaced buildings are distributed along the route leading from Poznań south towards Silesia. Fords were crucial to the development of settlements in the area, making it possible to traverse the wide and difficult valley of the Samica Stęszewska River. The large accumulation of sites related to metallurgy indicates that the easements of the settlement’s inhabitants, in addition to their traditional duties of an agricultural nature, were also related to the extraction of iron ore and its processing.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2022, 21; 109-163
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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