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Tytuł:
Dense plasma source development and jet injection in Globus-M*
Autorzy:
Voronin, , V. A.
Gusev, V. K.
Petrov, Y. V.
Mukhin, E. E.
Tolstyakov, S. Y.
Kurskiev, G. S.
Kochergin, M. M.
Hellblom, K. G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma gun
spherical tokamak
fuelling system
Opis:
Progress in the development of a plasma jet source and its utilization for injection of hydrogen plasma and neutral gas jets into the Globus-M spherical tokamak are presented. The latest version of the high kinetic energy gas and plasma jet source with titanium hydride grains is described. Reproducibility of the gas jet generation was increased due to automatic loading of fresh grains into the source before every shot. It allows producing stable gas release for many discharges. Impurity radiation intensity from the plasma jet was decreased by more than 100 times by preliminary processing titanium hydrate grains and developing a new filter. The result of special experiments on two colliding jets is discussed. It was confirmed that the plasma jet recombines into a gas jet after it escapes the source edge and has a kinetic energy higher than the hydrogen ionization potential. Hydrogen plasma jet with low impurity content has a density up to 2 × 1022 m-3, a total number of accelerated particles (1-5) × 1019 and a flow velocity of ~ 200 km/s. It was used as an instrument for density control in Globus-M. Jet injection into deuterium plasma core during current plateau phase led to fast density increase in all spatial points of the plasma column including the plasma central region. Such injection allowed density doubling in the tokamak plasma. The model predictions are consistent with the experimental observations of the density raise recorded by the interferometer and Thomson scattering.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, 3; 103-109
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Positron-annihilation and photoluminescence studies of nanostructured ZrO2
Autorzy:
Fidelus, J. D.
Karbowski, A.
Mariazzi, S.
Brusa, R. S.
Karwasz, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
positron annihilation
zirconia nanopowders
photoluminescence
Opis:
In the present work, photoluminescence and Doppler broadening depth-resolved positron annihilation spectroscopy was performed on pure zirconia nanopowders. Zirconia nanopowders were grown by a hydrothermal microwave-driven process followed by annealing in oxygen atmosphere. Photoluminescence under 274 nm wavelength excitation from a 150 W high-pressure Xe exhibits similar spectra, in the region from 320 to 820 nm, although its intensity depends on the annealing. Positron annihilation Doppler-broadening spectra show low values of the normalized S-parameter, varying little with the depth, from 0.495 on the surface to 0.47-0.49 in bulk. Both high the annealing temperature and oxygen concentrations, lead to low bulk S-values. The ortho-positronium (o-Ps) fraction is about 10-11% for all samples on the surface, whereas it is reduced to 7-8% in the bulk for samples annealed at 700°C and 5-6% for samples annealed at 800°C. Both photoluminescence (PL) and positron studies show the presence of defects in all samples. The o-Ps signal suggests a high porosity of samples, particularly at a depth down to 10 nm.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 1; 85-89
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uranium and neodymium partitioning in alkali chloride melts using low-melting gallium-based alloys
Autorzy:
Melchakov, S. Y.
Maltsev, D. S.
Volkovich, V. A.
Yamshchikov, L. F.
Lisienko, D. G.
Osipenko, A. G.
Rusakov, M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146407.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neodymium
uranium
gallium
separation factor
reductive extraction
pyrochemical reprocessing
Opis:
Partitioning of uranium and neodymium was studied in a ‘molten chloride salt – liquid Ga-X (X = In or Sn) alloy’ system. Chloride melts were based on the low-melting ternary LiCl-KCl-CsCl eutectic. Nd/U separation factors were calculated from the thermodynamic data as well as determined experimentally. Separation of uranium and neodymium was studied using reductive extraction with neodymium acting as a reducing agent. Efficient partitioning of lanthanides (Nd) and actinides (U), simulating fission products and fissile materials in irradiated nuclear fuels, was achieved in a single stage process. The experimentally observed Nd/U separation factor valued up to 106, depending on the conditions.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 4, part 2; 915-920
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Safety issues as a start point for further investigations of fusion hybrids
Autorzy:
Wójcik, G.
Taczanowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146801.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fusion hybrid
radiation damages
safety
transmutation
Opis:
Nuclear power plants supply nearly one sixth of the world electric energy production. Though nuclear power is a very efficient source of energy, it produces dangerous radioactive waste composed of nuclides characterized, among others, by a long decay time and containing also significant quantities of fissible and even fissile materials. Therefore, spent nuclear fuel must be carefully stored for at least hundreds of years, all this time needing permanent supervision. Simultaneously this cumbersome waste contains also important amounts of energy that should not be simply buried forever. Thus, in spite of the fact that ultimate disposal of spent nuclear fuel in adequate geological formations is recognized as safe for the energy hungry world that tries at the same time to avoid CO2 emissions, this is a hardly acceptable solution. Fortunately, there is an effective approach, namely – spent fuel recycling, particularly with the help of nuclear fusion. Simultaneously, one has to admit that this concept has not attained yet technological maturity, thus lengthy and costly investigations still are necessary before nuclear fusion achieves development level adequate to industrial application. Since every nuclear device must be generally safe, therefore this article raises a safety issue of fusion-fission hybrid design. In order to ensure the required reliability of evaluations the development of heterogeneous model of the device was assumed as the starting point for further respective research. The performed calculations have indicated that maintenance of subcriticality even in the case of system collapse is achievable.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 447-450
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Toward a European Network of Positron Laboratories
Autorzy:
Karwasz, G. P.
Brusa, R. S.
Egger, W.
Ogorodnikova, O. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
positron beams
material science
thermonuclear reaction
Opis:
Some applications of controlled-energy positron beams in material studies are discussed. In porous organic polysilicates, measurements of 3γ annihilation by Doppler broadening (DB) method at the Trento University allowed to trace pore closing and filling by water vapor. In silicon coimplanted by He+ and H+, DB data combined with positron lifetime measurements at the München pulsed positron beam allowed to explain Si blistering. Presently measured samples of W for applications in thermonuclear reactors, irradiated by W+ and electrons, show vast changes of positron lifetimes, indicating complex dynamics of defects.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 4, part 1; 733-739
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neutron emission parameters from the collapse of the condensed Z-pinch
Autorzy:
Anan'ev, S. S.
Bakshaev, Y. L.
Bryzgunov, V. A.
Chernenko, A. S.
Dan'ko, S. A.
Kazakov, E. D.
Klír, D.
Korolev, V. D.
Smirnova, E. A.
Ustroev, G. I.
Vikhrev, V. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neutrons
energy distribution
fast Z-pinch
Opis:
The parameters of neutron emission from the neck of the condensed Z-pinch, were measured at an S-300 installation (2 MA, 100 ns). Profiled loads with central parts made from microporous deuterated polyethylene (with a density of 100 mg/cm3) were used in the experiments. Neutron emission parameters were measured by the time-of-flight (TOF) method. Neutrons were registered using four flight bases with 10 scintillation detectors which were placed at two axial and two radial directions. It was found that the mean neutron energy, determined by the TOF method, turned out to be anisotropic. The average energy of neutrons emitted along the axis towards the cathode, was shifted to higher energy (2.6-2.8 MeV) and the average energy of neutrons emitted towards the anode, was shifted to lower energy (2.1-2.3 MeV) compared to the d-d reaction neutron energy 2.45 MeV. The average energy of neutrons, emitted in two opposite radial directions, was close to 2.45 MeV. The half-width of the energy distributions reconstructed for all directions was 400-500 keV. The analysis of the experimental results demonstrated that the found phenomena could be explained by a slowly decaying high energy tail in the energy distribution of colliding deuterons. The maximal neutron yield was of 6 x 109.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 3; 333-336
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of some physicochemical and rheological properties of irradiated honey
Autorzy:
Bera, A
Almeida-Muradian, L. G.
Sabato, S. F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
gamma radiation
honey
rheology
physicochemical properties
Opis:
Honey is a sweet substance produced by bees, well appreciated in many places and its consumption has been increased either as raw material or as a food ingredient. Its use as food by the consumer, or even for exportation, implies safety inherent in its quality and processing control. Gamma radiation can be applied in food or ingredients for many objectives like pathogens microorganisms’ reduction, disinfestations, and sterilization. The aim of this work was to verify some physicochemical modifications, as well as rheological evaluation of honey submitted to irradiation at 10 kGy. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: moisture, HMF, free acidity, pH, sugars and ash. The rheological behavior was measured at different temperatures. The results indicated that few changes occurred; the rheological behavior was not impaired and did not present any significant physicochemical alteration.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 85-87
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Decomposition of toluene in air mixtures under electron beam irradiation
Autorzy:
Sun, Y.
Chmielewski, A. G.
Bułka, S.
Zimek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
toluene
4-chlorotoluene
decomposition
electron beam
Opis:
The model gases of toluene-air mixtures were prepared by blowing technical air into liquid toluene and then irradiated with an ILU-6 accelerator located at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (INCT), Poland. It was found that the decomposition efficiency of toluene increases with absorbed dose and decreases with initial concentration of toluene. At 14.5 kGy dose, the decomposition efficiencies of toluene were 50, 37 and 34.5% for the initial concentrations of toluene 32.0, 63.4 and 78.0 ppm, respectively. At 58.0 kGy dose, the decomposition efficiencies of toluene were 93.8 and 78.1%, the initial concentrations of toluene being 32.0 and 63.4 ppm, respectively. Benzaldehyde was identified as one of the by-products of toluene decomposition in an air mixture. The decomposition efficiency and by-product formation under EB irradiation were compared between toluene and 4-chlorotoluene.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2009, 54, 2; 65-70
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Slow positron beam at the JINR, Dubna
Autorzy:
Horodek, P.
Kobets, A. G.
Meshkov, I. N.
Sidorin, A. A.
Orlov, O. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
positron beam
positron injector
Opis:
The Low Energy Positron Toroidal Accumulator (LEPTA) at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) proposed for generation of positronium in flight has been adopted for positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). The positron injector generates continuous slow positron beam with positron energy range between 50 eV and 35 keV. The radioactive 22Na isotope is used. In distinction to popular tungsten foil, here the solid neon is used as moderator. It allows to obtain the beam intensity of about 105 e+/s width energy spectrum characterized by full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 3.4 eV and a tail to lower energies of about 30 eV. The paper covers the characteristic of variable energy positron beam at the LEPTA facility: parameters, the rule of moderation, scheme of injector, and transportation of positrons into the sample chamber. Recent status of the project and its development in the field of PAS is discussed. As an example, the measurement of the positron diffusion length in pure iron is demonstrated.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 4, part 1; 725-728
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on biological activity of chitosan after radiation processing
Autorzy:
Gryczka, U.
Gawrońska, A.
Migdał, W
Gawroński, S. W.
Chmielewski, A. G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
chitosan
biostimulators
ionizing radiation
willow
biomass
Opis:
In recent years there is a trend in industry to limit the usage of chemical compounds. Natural polymers are new promising materials that possess important properties like biodegrability or lack of toxicity. Radiation processing of natural occurring polymers is an area of current research for development of new applications. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of ionizing radiation modification on bioactivity of a natural polysaccharide. Chitosan with different molecular weights was investigated as a biostimulator – a biologically active substance that stimulates some growth processes in plants. Chitosan in solid state was irradiated with electron beam from an electron beam accelerator Elektronika 10-10 with a dose range from 50 to 300 kGy. The effects of irradiation on the molecular weight of chitosan were investigated by viscosity and GPC measurements. Non-irradiated and irradiated chitosan at concentrations 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 g/dm3 were used for greenhouse tests of its activity for growth promotion of Salix viminalis L. var. gigantea plant. Uniform rooted cuttings (20 per combination) were selected for the test and cultivated in aerated hydroponics culture containing Hoagland’s nutrient solutions plus respective amounts of chitosan. After six weeks of plant exposure to chitosan, data of selected parameters of plant growth were collected. In most cases, except the highest concentration, both forms of chitosan had stimulatory effect on leaf area, length of roots and of newly developed shoots. Also fresh and dry weights of these organs were greater in chitosan treated plants. The highest concentration of chitosan was stimulatory only for a number of roots and newly developed shoots while for other parameters was inhibitory. In comparable concentrations the stimulatory effect was greater for chitosan irradiated in comparison with the non-irradiated one.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 73-76
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Growth and EPR properties of ErVO4 single crystals
Autorzy:
Leniec, G.
Kaczmarek, S. M.
Berkowski, M.
Głowacki, M.
Skibiński, T.
Bojanowski, B
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146287.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dense magnetic medium
EPR
erbium
orthovanadate
Opis:
Single crystals of ErVO4 were grown by the Czochralski method under ambient pressure in a nitrogen atmosphere. Obtained crystals were transparent with strong pink coloring. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were recorded as a function of the applied magnetic fi eld. Temperature and angular dependences of the EPR spectra of the samples in the 3–300 K temperature range were analyzed applying both Lorentzian– –Gauss approximation for diluted medium and Dyson for dense magnetic medium. EPR-NMR program was done to fi nd local symmetry and spin Hamiltonian parameters of erbium ions.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 3, part 1; 405-410
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling of the behavior of in - vessel mirrors for ITER with ECR plasma discharges
Autorzy:
Voitsenya, V. S.
Bardamid, A. F.
Belyaeva, A. I.
Bondarenko, V. N.
Davis, J. W.
Konovalov, V. G.
Mukhin, E. E.
Razdobarin, A. G
Ryzhkov, I. V.
Shapoval, A. N.
Shtan, A. F.
Skoryk, O. A.
Solodovchenko, S. I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ECR plasma
mirrors for plasma diagnostics in ITER
structure
sputtering
chemical erosion
Opis:
The main experimental results related to the problems associated with in-vessel mirrors in ITER obtained with the DSM-2 facility at the Kharkov Institute of Plasma Physics over the past few years are described and discussed. Mirrors made from various polycrystalline (Be, Al, SS, Cu, Mo, Ta, W) and single crystal (Ni, SS, Mo, W) metals, metal films (Be, Cu, Mo, Rh) on different metal substrates (V, SS, Cu, Mo), and an amorphous alloy (ZrTiCuNiBe) have been studied. In addition, the behavior of protective oxide coatings under plasma bombardment has also been analyzed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 157-162
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A method of the magnetic field formation in cyclotron DC-72
Autorzy:
Gulbekian, G.
Ivanenko, I.
Filatov, O.
Franko, J.
Kukhtin, V.
Lamzin, E.
Samsonov, E.
Semchenkov, A.
Semchenkova, O.
Sytchevsky, S. E.
Dmitrev, S. N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
cyclotron
magnetic field measurements
magnetic field simulations
Opis:
A method of the magnetic field formation in the cyclotron DC-72 model (scale 1:5) is described. The cyclotron is planned to be built in Slovakia. The stages in the shimming of the cyclotron sectors and an automatic system designed for magnetic measurements are described. The data on the magnetic field measurements in the median plane of the cyclotron are presented. A brief description of a computer simulation model and an algorithm of fitting the required sector profiles is presented, as well as the data on the computer simulation of magnetic field distributions. The data on the magnetic field measurements and those on the computer simulations are compared and analyzed. Possible reasons of differences between the measured and simulated data are discussed. The results of the above mentioned computer simulations will be used for building a large facility - the cyclotron DC-72.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48, 4; 207-210
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A statistical model analysis of yields and fluctuations in 200 GeV Au-Au collisions
Autorzy:
Torrieri, G.
Jeon, S.
Rafelski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fluctuations
freeze-out is small
heavy-ion collisions
statistical models
Opis:
We show that the simultaneous measurement of yields and fluctuations is capable of falsifying and constraining the statistical hadronization model. We show how such a measurement can test for chemical non-equilibrium, and distinguish between a high temperature chemically equilibrated freeze-out from a supercooled freeze-out with an oversaturated phase space. We perform a fit, and show that both yields and fluctuations measured at RHIC 200 GeV can be accounted for within the second scenario, with both the light and strange quark phase space saturated significantly above detailed balance. We point to the simultaneous fit of the K/đ fluctuation and the K*/K ratio as evidence that the effect of hadronic re-interactions after freeze-out is small.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51,suppl.3; 99-103
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Results of the 2015 national indoor radon intercomparison measurements in Serbia
Autorzy:
Forkapić, S.
Bikit, K.
Arsić, V.
Ilić, J.
Pantelić, G.
Živanović, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
charcoal canisters
indoor radon
interlaboratory comparison
Opis:
Results and conclusions of interlaboratory comparison of indoor radon in 2015 in Serbia are presented. The participants were three accredited laboratories from Serbia: Serbian Institute of Occupational Health “Dr Dragomir Karajović”, Laboratory for Radioactivity and Dose Measurements at the Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad and Radiation and Environmental Protection Department, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Science. The laboratories make use of the same method for radon measurement, using charcoal canisters according to US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protocol 520/5-87-005. Calibration of detection efficiency was performed using EPA radium standard. Radon activity concentrations were determined on the basis of the intensity of short-living radon daughters, 214Bi and 214Pb, gamma lines. The results of intercomparison were evaluated by using the u-test, which was calculated according to the International Atomic Energy Agency criteria. In this paper, not only limitations but also the advantages and possibilities of application of this method for measuring levels of human exposure to radon are discussed
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 321-325
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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