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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Recent U.S. and International Assessment of Baltic Security Developments
    Autorzy:
    Chapman, Bert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576525.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-09-19
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    geopolitics
    European security
    baltic security
    Opis:
    Examining analysis of Baltic security developments from U.S. government and military resources, scholarly journal articles, and multinational public policy research institute assessments. Analyzing content and rhetoric within these resources to learn how those producing these materials view Baltic security developments and their viewpoints on how the U.S. and its allies should respond to these developments focusing on increasing Russian regional assertiveness. Provides interpretations of Baltic security developments, Russian Baltic policy, and U.S. and NATO responses ot these developments in materials produced by U.S. civilian and military policymakers and multinational scholarly analysis. Includes performance assessments of U.S. programs including the European Deterrence Initiative and potential Russian military activity in the Baltics as reflected in varying reports by the U.S. Government, military, and multinational public policy research institutions. Recommends U.S. and NATO countries recognize a new Cold War exists with a revisionist Russia. Advocates continuing NATO military exercise, upgrading civilian and military infrastructure protection, and enhancing U.S. and allied preparedness. Urges ongoing and candid dialogue between NATO and Russia to keep this situation from erupting into war. Insists the U.S. and its allies adroitly respond to Russian attempts to influence and manipulate public opinion toward Moscow. Expresses concern that U.S. partisan division over 2016 Russian interference in U.S. presidential election makes achieving greater Baltic policy cohesion difficult. Advocates warning Russia of devastating consequences of attempts to militarily invade or subvert Baltic countries.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 26, 4; 3-33
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Security policy of the Baltic States and its determining factors
    Autorzy:
    Piotrowski, Sławomir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576203.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    security policy
    European security
    Baltic States
    Opis:
    The history of the nations living in today’s Baltic States is marked by fighting against stronger neighbours: Russia, Poland, Sweden, Denmark and the German settlers in their territories. Unlike Lithuanians, Estonians and Latvians failed to create their own statehood before the 20 th century. The Lithuanians created their own state, a powerful one, which then became a part of an even wider state organism – the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. As a result, the security policy of Lithuania was identical to that of the First Republic of Poland. Although there were tribes living within the area of current Estonia and Latvia for many centuries up to the outbreak of World War I, the lands of Latvia and Estonia had been changing owners and had been under the rule of almost all neighbouring countries. As a result of the positive outcome of the First World War, but also thanks to their efforts, the Baltic States regained independence in order to lose it after only 20 years, as a consequence of another war. After restoring independence with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Baltic States realised that even acting together they were unable to defend themselves against a potential aggressor. As a result, they decided to follow in the footsteps of other countries of the former Eastern Bloc (e.g. Poland and Slovakia) and to integrate with Western European structures such as NATO and the EU. Following NATO inclusion, the security strategies of the Baltic States have been revised in line with the changes in their surrounding geopolitical environment.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2018, 22, 5; 46-70
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Central Europe after 1918. A short outline
    Autorzy:
    Miszewski, Dariusz
    Dąbrowski, Franciszek
    Deszczyński, Marek
    Wnętrzak, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576349.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-06-20
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Central Europe
    Russia and Central Europe
    integration and disintegration of
    Central European security
    Visegrad Group (V4)
    Eastern Partnership
    Three Seas Initiative
    Opis:
    This paper analyses changes in the region’s states, and the evolution of Central Europe’s (CE) position in the international environment. Since forming in 1918, the new CE independent states have remained a focus for neighbouring powers and Western powers. The paper looks at the background for the historical, political, economic, demographic, cultural and geopolitical importance of Central Europe. Three essential periods can be distinguished, the first being the post-WW1 period, when after the downfall of Austria-Hungary and the weakening of Germany, Russia and Turkey, a number of independent states emerged. The lack of Western assistance and insufficient mutual cooperation meant that CE countries became subject to aggression from Berlin and Moscow. After WW2, the region was forcefully reintegrated into the Soviet Union – and its states were subjected to political, social, economic and cultural degradation. The downfall of the Soviet Union and democratic transition in the states of Central Europe contributed to the regional economic and security integration. EU membership and close ties to the USA forged significant possibilities for development and becoming a subject of European policy. Historical experiences show that Central Europe has had a significant impact on international security in Europe. The region’s states of increasing significance have the capability potential to forge their own concepts of close regional political and economic cooperation.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2018, 19, 2; 13-38
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    GOVSATCOM makes EU stronger on security and defence
    Autorzy:
    Borek, Rafał
    Hopej, Kaja
    Chodosiewicz, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576417.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-17
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    European Union
    satellite communication
    national security
    Opis:
    Publication identifies the meaning of Governmental Satellite Communication Govsatcom and presents a hypothesis related to the demand for this type of satellite communication. It describes engagement of main involved institutions i.e. European Space Agency, European Defence Agency, and European Commission, especially elaborating the PACIS projects running under ESA umbrella, which are one of the main preparatory actions for the IV EU Space Program. The theoretical research methods employed in this study are: synthesis, analysis, abstracting and generalization. It updates information about whole activites, which have taken place since the decision about its establishement. Describing preparatory actions and EU institutions involved. Moreover considers about future relations between related parties and possible Poland's engagement explaining what kind of benefits it would deliver. The conclusion is that the future EU space program creates proper environment for cooperation between community members and deliver opportunity to use safe and secure satellite communication for members who cannot afford possess own capabilities.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2020, 28, 1; 44-53
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wokół definicji cyberbezpieczeństwa
    Autorzy:
    Żywucka-Kozłowska, Elżbieta
    Dziembowski, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311663.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    cyberspace
    security
    law
    digitization
    directive
    European Union
    Opis:
    The concept of cyber security has become part of the reality of the late 20th and 21st centuries. This term is understood as a system that blocks threats consisting in destroying, changing and unauthorized interception of data. The importance of the cybersecurity problem was emphasized by making legal regulations in the legislation of many countries around the world, including Poland, the United States, Russia and China, and on the basis of the provisions of state associations or international organizations, which is reflected in the relevant regulations of the European Union. The concept of cyber security is multi-faceted, becoming an object of interest not only to countries or organizations, but also to individual individuals living in given communities. The progressive digitization of many areas of life, regardless of the geographical location of the country, means that the need to ensure the proper and safe functioning of this sphere of reality determines the universality of cyber security.
    Źródło:
    Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 10, 2; 123-132
    2658-1493
    Pojawia się w:
    Cybersecurity and Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozwój współczesnych narzędzi bezpieczeństwa
    Development of Contemporary Security Tools
    Autorzy:
    Jendraszczak, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/120074.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Unia Europejska
    NATO
    narzędzia bezpieczeństwa
    bezpieczeństwo państwa
    European Union
    EU
    security tools
    state security
    Opis:
    The author pays attention to the current problems of development of collective security tools, particularly focusing on the structures of such mechanisms, which form the basis of the European states’ security. The article analyzes changes in perception of real threats in order to present current directions of building adequate defence tools and mechanisms. Dynamic and areas in which political, social and economic changes take place, bring new assessments of contemporary threats. When the Cold War ended, the European states based their vision of security on NATO an EU. They had a traditional approach to NATO as the safest and the most reliable political and military structure, which was supposed to become their refuge of safety. The European Union, on the other hand, guaranteed political and economic development of the countries. The author analyzed the changes which took place in this area.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe AON; 2013, 4(93); 264-273
    0867-2245
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe AON
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cyberattacks and the bank’s liability for unauthorized payment transactions in the online banking system – theory and practice
    Autorzy:
    Milik, Piotr
    Pilarski, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13947278.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-02-20
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    cyberattack
    financial security
    electronic banking system
    computer fraud
    European Union
    Opis:
    The article discusses the matter of contemporary cyberattack techniques aimed at the financial security of banks and their clients and presents the relationship of banks with their clients in the light of the applicable provisions of the European Union (Directive of the European Parliament and the EU Council 2015/2366 of November 25, 2015 on payment services in internal market) and the Polish Act of 19 August 2011 on payment services. The authors also analyze the practical side of the relationship between banks and their customers who have fallen victim to computer fraud, pointing out that the common practice of banks refusing to return funds stolen from their customers in the electronic banking system is inconsistent with the applicable standards of Polish and European law.
    Źródło:
    Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 9, 1; 108-126
    2658-1493
    Pojawia się w:
    Cybersecurity and Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa Europy w aspekcie Europejskiej strategii bezpieczeństwa
    European security threats in the aspect of European Security Strategy
    Autorzy:
    Joks, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93310.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Unia Europejska
    sojusz
    bezpieczeństwo
    zagrożenia
    Europa
    European Union
    alliance
    security
    threats
    Europe
    Opis:
    W artykule zaprezentowano główne zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa obywateli Unii Europejskiej. Celem publikacji jest zapoznanie ze specyfiką i podziałem zagrożeń opisanych w Europejskiej strategii bezpieczeństwa. Przedstawiono w niej także realne zagrożenia dla państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w aspekcie zmieniającej się sytuacji na arenie międzynarodowej oraz ewaluujących zagrożeń ze strony zarówno podmiotów prawa międzynarodowego, jak i organizacji terrorystycznych i przestępczych. W sformułowanych wnioskach zaprezentowano propozycje podjęcia działań przez organy odpowiedzialne za zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa w celu zapobiegania utraty poczucia bezpieczeństwa przez obywateli krajów członkowskich.
    The article discusses threats to European Union security. Its main goal is to look at the nature and division of threats defined by the European Security Strategy. It introduces the real risks for European partners in the changing geopolitical situation and threats from the international law perspective from terrorists and criminal groups. Summary statements may influence executives to prevent Europeans from losing their sense of security.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej; 2017, 4(109); 5-22
    2543-6937
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Same threat, different answers? Comparing and assessing national cyber defence strategies in Central-Eastern Europe
    Autorzy:
    Niedermeier, Alexander
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576155.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09-24
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    cyber security
    Cyber Defense
    Cyber Doctrine
    Cyber Strategy
    Cyber
    cooperation
    Central-Eastern Europe
    European Union
    Opis:
    In the article, National Cyber Security Strategies (NCSS) of the Central and Eastern European states are compared and assessed. After it had become evident that a variety of crucial new threats to national security had emerged over recent years, virtually all states reacted with national strategies. These strategies are aimed at securing national cyberspace from cyber threats through legal, operational, technical and policy-related measures. They exist in addition to general national security strategies and are meant to support these. Even if most countries have National Cyber Security Strategies, the author demonstrates that these strategies show, at least in part, remarkable differences. The role national particularities play is explained, whether they are really this specific and whether they might be generalised and transferred to other national contexts and what approaches turned out best under what circumstances. Based on these results, existing strengths, weaknesses and best practices are explained to open avenues for improving existing strategies and generate a higher degree of strategy interoperability in an environment that maybe like no other requires international cooperation. It is evident that precise definitions of terms and concepts are essential. However, not all strategies provide those definitions, which might lead to misunderstandings and complicate cooperation both on domestic and international level. While some strategies offer clear cut responsibilities for the actors involved, others remain unclear. Even if laws are there to specify concrete procedures, the NCSS should not be too superficial. The NCSS itself should already make clear statements, particularly when it comes to the crucial aspect of coordinating the various cyber actors and stake holders. The author demonstrates that National Cyber Security Strategies ought to be detailed enough to clearly determine actors and responsibilities, but open and flexible enough for adaptability to fast developments.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2017, 16, 3; 52-74
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Podstawy traktatowe Wspólnej Polityki Zagranicznej i Bezpieczeństwa Unii Europejskiej
    Treaty principles of the EUs Common Foreign and Security Policy
    Autorzy:
    Ciupiński, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/120786.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Unia Europejska
    Wspólna Polityka Zagraniczna i Bezpieczeństwa UE
    bezpieczeństwo europejskie
    polityka bezpieczeństwa
    polityka zagraniczna
    European Union
    EU
    Common Foreign and Security Policy
    CFSP
    High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
    HR
    Common Security and Defence Policy
    CSDP
    European External Action Service
    EEAS
    Opis:
    The aim of this article is to analyse the long political and military process of forming the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). At the beginning it was the separate pillar of the European. For the European security issues was responsible the NATO and the Western European Union. After almost twenty years the Lisbon Treaty on European Union, which entered into force on 1 December 2009, changed the competence of the European Union in the security sphere. Treaty of Lisbon created the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and for the first time put so much attention to European Union’s international activity. Responsible for this is the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. For this function was appointed Catherine Ashton. She is assisted by the European External Action Service. HR is also one of the Vice-Presidents of the European Commission, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, contributes through proposals towards the preparation of the CFSP and ensures implementation of the decisions adopted by the European Council and the Council, especially in the security matters. Lisbon compromise also led the termination of the Western European Union in 2011. Several prominent leadershave voiced support for a common defence for the Union. This possibility, requiring unanimous support among the member states, was formally laid down in Article 42 the Treaty of Lisbon extended the enhanced co-operation provision to become available for application in the area of defence. This mechanism enables a minimum number of member states to deepen integration within the EUs institutional framework, without the necessity of participation for reluctant member states.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe AON; 2013, 4(93); 31-71
    0867-2245
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe AON
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Geopolitical consequences arising from involvement of Russia in the conflict in Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Piotrowski, Sławomir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576233.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Russia
    NATO
    Far East
    Middle East
    Turkey
    France
    Germany
    European
    Union
    Donbas
    conflict in Ukraine
    security challenges
    geostrategic situation
    Opis:
    The crisis in eastern Ukraine and Crimea is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges of security currently facing the international community. In pursuing its objectives, the state is often guided by different motives, but the common denominator change in the approach to cooperation with Russia is now Ukraine. The author analyses the changing geostrategic situation surrounding Russia, which is the result of its involvement in the Ukrainian crisis. This has also been analysed by countries like China, Japan, India, Turkey and Middle East countries.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2016, 10, 1; 5-20
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Europejska Unia Obrony wyzwaniem dla wschodniej flanki NATO
    European Defence Union a challenge for NATO’s, eastern flank
    Autorzy:
    Zieliński, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93350.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    wspólna polityka bezpieczeństwa i obrony
    Europejska Unia Obrony
    wschodnia flanka NATO
    zdolności wojskowe
    Unia Europejska
    Common Security and Defence Policy
    European Defence Union
    military capabilities
    NATO’s eastern flank
    European Union
    Opis:
    Przyjęcie przez Radę Europejską w czerwcu 2016 roku globalnej strategii na rzecz polityki zagranicznej i bezpieczeństwa (Wspólna wizja, wspólne działanie: Silniejsza Europa) stanowiło jeden z impulsów do pogłębionej dyskusji wśród państw europejskich na tematy związane z obronnością. Kolejnymi bodźcami, które tę dyskusję wywołały były: referendum decydujące o wyjściu Wielkiej Brytanii z Unii Europejskiej (UE) oraz wygrana Donalda Trumpa w amerykańskich wyborach prezydenckich. Można zaryzykować stwierdzenie, że powyższe czynniki doprowadziły do renesansu wspólnej polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony (WPBiO), co w konsekwencji ma prowadzić do Europejskiej Unii Obrony. Ostrożność państw wschodniej flanki NATO jednak w odniesieniu do nowych inicjatyw nakazuje stawiać pytania o przyszłość Europejskiej Unii Obrony w kontekście kolektywnej obrony przypisanej do Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego. W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania związane z przyspieszeniem prac w obszarze WPBiO oraz zasadnicze inicjatywy związane z jej rozwojem prowadzące do utworzenia Europejskiej Unii Obrony, takie jak: poprawa struktur zarządzania kryzysowego, wzmocnienie unijnych instrumentów szybkiego reagowania, planowanie rozbudowy zdolności wojskowych, współpraca wojskowo-techniczna, zacieśnienie współpracy strukturalnej między państwami członkowskimi UE, wzmocnienie współpracy między NATO a UE. Scharakteryzowano także scenariusze uwzględniające różnorodny poziom zaangażowania państw członkowskich UE w budowanie zdolności przyszłej Europejskiej Unii Obrony. Odniesiono się również do obaw państw wschodniej flanki NATO związanych z przyspieszeniem WPBiO i potencjalnego osłabienia zdolności NATO w tym kontekście.
    The adoption of a Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy (Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe) by the European Council of June 2016 was one of the impetuses for a deepening discussion amongst European countries on defence issues. Other issues that led to this discussion were: a referendum on the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union (EU) and Donald Trump’s victory in the US election. One may venture to say that these factors have led to a renaissance of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), which in turn would lead to the European Defence Union. On the other hand, the caution of NATO’s eastern flank states in relation to the new initiatives invites questions about the future of the European Defence Union in the context of collective defence ascribed to the North Atlantic Alliance. The article presents determinants of the acceleration of CSDP work and key initiatives related to its development, leading to the creation of a European Defence Union: improvement of crisis management structures, reinforcement of EU Rapid Response Instruments, defence capability development, military and technical cooperation, structural cooperation amongst EU members states connected with defence, strengthening cooperation between NATO and the EU. Some scenarios take into account varying levels of involvement of EU Member States in building the capabilities of the future European Defence Union. The concerns of states from NATO’s eastern flank associated with the acceleration of CSDP and potential weakening of NATO’s capabilities in this context are also addressed.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej; 2017, 4(109); 46-62
    2543-6937
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ogólnoeuropejski indywidualny produkt emerytalny w polskim systemie emerytalnym i prawnym
    Autorzy:
    Pelc, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311608.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Pension reform
    pan-European individual pension product
    pension system
    open pension funds
    occupational pension programs
    individual retirement security
    accounts
    individual retirement accounts
    Opis:
    Poland’s reformed pension system has been under construction since the late 1990s. The originally introduced model, based on the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS), open pension funds, employee pension funds and employee pension plans, was supplemented by individual retirement accounts, individual retirement security accounts and employee capital plans. Poland’s accession to the European Union did not significantly change this structure, but the implementation of the Directive on the Activities of Institutions for Occupational Retirement Provision and Supervision of Such Institutions introduced foreign employers and foreign managers into the system of occupational retirement programs and occupational pension funds. The regulation on the pan-European individual pension product will supplement this system with a third individual product, the pan- European individual pension product. This will introduce an additional complication to the Polish pension system, but will not constitute a fundamental change to it, nor to the Polish capital market.
    Źródło:
    Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 10, 2; 384-397
    2658-1493
    Pojawia się w:
    Cybersecurity and Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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