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Tytuł:
Signed star (k, k)-domatic number of a graph
Autorzy:
Sheikholeslami, S. M.
Volkmann, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/254927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
signed star (k, k)-domatic number
signed star domatic number
signed star k-dominating function
signed star dominating function
signed star k-domination number
signed star domination number
regular graphs
Opis:
Let G be a simple graph without isolated vertices with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G) and let k be a positive integer. A function ƒ: E(G) →{−1, 1} is said to be a signed star k-dominating function on [formula] for every vertex v of G, where E(v) = {uv ∈ E(G) | u ∈ N(v)}. A set {f1, f2, . . . , fd} of signed star k-dominating functions on G with the property that [formula] for each e ∈ E(G) is called a signed star (k, k)-dominating family (of functions) on G. The maximum number of functions in a signed star (k, k)-dominating family on G is the signed star (k, k)-domatic number of G, denoted by [formula]. In this paper we study properties of the signed star (k, k)-domatic number [formula]. In particular, we present bounds on [formula], and we determine the signed (k, k)-domatic number of some regular graphs. Some of our results extend these given by Atapour, Sheikholeslami, Ghameslou and Volkmann [Signed star domatic number of a graph, Discrete Appl. Math. 158 (2010), 213–218] for the signed star domatic number.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2014, 34, 3; 609-620
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trees whose 2-domination subdivision number is 2
Autorzy:
Atapour, M.
Sheikholeslami, S. M.
Khodkar, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/254847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
2-dominating set
2-domination number
2-domination subdivision numbe
Opis:
A set S of vertices in a graph G = (V,E) is a 2-dominating set if every vertex of V \ S is adjacent to at least two vertices of S. The 2-domination number of a graph G, denoted by γ2(G), is the minimum size of a 2-dominating set of G. The 2-domination subdivision number sdγ2 (G) is the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided (each edge in G can be subdivided at most once) in order to increase the 2-domination number. The authors have recently proved that for any tree T of order at least 3, 1 ≤ sdγ2 (T ) ≤ 2. In this paper we provide a constructive characterization of the trees whose 2-domination subdivision number is 2.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2012, 32, 3; 423-437
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On signed arc total domination in digraphs
Autorzy:
Asgharsharghi, L.
Khodkar, A.
Sheikholeslami, S. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/254811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
signed arc total dominating function signed arc total domination number domination in digraphs
Opis:
Let D = (V, A) be a finite simple digraph and N(uv) = {u'v' ≠ uv | u = u' or v = v'} be the open neighbourhood of uv in D. A function ƒ : A → { — 1, +1} is said to be a signed arc total dominating function (SATDF) of D if [formula] holds for every arc uv ∈ A. The signed arc total domination number [formula] is defined as [formula]. In this paper we initiate the study of the signed arc total domination in digraphs and present some lower bounds for this parameter.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2018, 38, 6; 779-794
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the Glassex additive on technological and knock--out properties of the moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate and new ester hardeners
Wpływ dodatku Glassex na właściwości technologiczne i wybijalność mas z uwodnionym krzemianem sodu i nowymi utwardzaczami estrowymi
Autorzy:
Major-Gabryś, K.
Dobosz, S. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
samoutwardzalna masa formierska
szkło wodne
wybijalność
self-hardening moulding sand
water glass
Opis:
The article takes into consideration the researches concerning inserting the Glassex additive to the moulding sands with water glass and the new ester hardeners. The investigations combine the works connected to the Glassex additive influence on the moulding sand's with water glass knock-out properties and the works connected to the elaboration of the new ester hardeners upgrading of ability to mechanical reclamation of the moulding sand with water glass.
Artykuł omawia badania dotyczące wprowadzenia do mas formierskich ze szkłem wodnym dodatku Glassex oraz zastosowania nowych utwardzaczy estrowych. Przedstawione badania łączą prace autorów dotyczące określenia wpływu dodatku Glassex na wybijalność mas ze szkłem wodnym z pracami dotyczącymi wpływu nowych utwardzaczy estrowych na zdolność do regeneracji tych mas.
Źródło:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2011, 37, 1; 33-40
1230-2325
2300-8377
Pojawia się w:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ulepszenia w zakresie wydajności funkcjonalnej zębów tnących zamocowanych na koparkach wielonaczyniowych w zagłębiu węgla Oltenia w Rumunii
Autorzy:
Popescu, F. D.
Radu, S. M.
Andras, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/111315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
odkształcenie
naprężenie
wirnik
zęby tnące
koparki wielonaczyniowe
MES
AES
Opis:
Wartości sił wypadkowych, które działają na zęby tnące koparek wielonaczyniowych, mogą być albo wyliczone, albo określone przy użyciu eksperymentalnych metod. Na tej podstawie projektuje się położenie i parametry organów roboczych w trakcie procesu urabiania. Naprężenia i odkształcenia zębów w trakcie procesu urabiania zależą od ich położenia na czerpaku koparki, które jest określone przez metodę dopasowania zębów. W niniejszym opracowaniu została przedstawiona analiza naprężeń i odkształceń w przypadku obecnie używanego uchwytu zębów, a następnie został zaproponowany nowy typ uchwytów oraz wykonano to samo opracowanie na nowym typie uchwytu, przy użyciu przeznaczonego do tej analizy oprogramowania SolidWorks®.
Źródło:
Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering; 2018, 56, 3; 12-16
2450-7326
2449-6421
Pojawia się w:
Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bounds on the inverse signed total domination numbers in graphs
Autorzy:
Atapour, M.
Norouzian, S.
Sheikholeslami, S. M.
Volkmann, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/255596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
inverse signed total dominating function
inverse signed total domination number
Opis:
Let G = (V, E) be a simple graph. A function ƒ : V→ {- 1,1} is called an inverse signed total dominating function if the sum of its function values over any open neighborhood is at most zero. The inverse signed total domination number of G, denoted by [formula], equals to the maximum weight of an inverse signed total dominating function of G. In this paper, we establish upper bounds on the inverse signed total domination number of graphs in terms of their order, size and maximum and minimum degrees.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2016, 36, 2; 145-152
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of functional performance improvements for cutting teeth mounted on bucket wheel excavators operating in Oltenia coal basin – Romania
Autorzy:
Popescu, F. D.
Radu, S. M.
Andras, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/111230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
deformation
stress
rotor
cutting tooth
BWE
tooth holder
FEM
FEA
Opis:
The values of the resultant forces acting on the cutting teeth of BWEs can either be calculated or determined using experimental methods. Based on this, the position and parameters of the working organs during the cutting process are designed and built. The stresses and deformations of the teeth during the cutting process are influenced by their positioning on the excavator bucket, which is determined by the fitting mode of the teeth. In this paper, the stresses and deformations in the case of an existing tooth holder are analysed and a new type of tooth holder is proposed, using SolidWorks® software for this analysis.
Źródło:
Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering; 2018, 56, 3; 7-11
2450-7326
2449-6421
Pojawia się w:
Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Solution Treatment on Age-Hardening Behavior of Al-12Si-1Mg-1Cu Piston Alloy with Trace-Zr Addition
Autorzy:
Kaiser, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
Al-Si alloys
trace addition
solutionizing
age hardening, resistivity
Opis:
The influence of a solution treatment with a trace zirconium addition on the precipitation behavior of a cast Al-12%Si-1%Mg1%Cu piston alloy has been reported. The alloys were prepared by controlled melting and casting. The cast alloys were given an age-hardening treatment having a sequence of homogenization, T6 solutionizing, quenching, and aging. Both the cast and solutionized samples were naturally aged for 58 days, isochronally aged for 60 minutes at different temperatures (up to 350°C), and isothermally aged at various temperatures (up to 225°C) for different periods of time (ranging from 15 to 360 minutes). The hardness values of the differently processed alloys were measured to understand the aging behavior of the alloys. Electrical resistivity changes with aging time and temperature were measured to understand the precipitation behavior of the alloys. It is observed that significant hardening takes place in the aged alloys due to the formation of GP zones as well as the formation of metastable phases. The solutionizing treatment improves the hardness because some alloying elements are re-dissolved during solution treatment to produce a solute-rich solid solution. The trace-added Zr hinders the softening due to the precipitation of Al3Zr, which is very stable against coarsening and the re-dissolution of precipitates. Electrical resistivity decreases due to stress relieving, the dissolution of the metastable phase, and precipitation coarsening. The resistivity of the solutionized alloys decreases more due to the higher concentration of elements in the solid solution. A microstructural study of the alloys reveals that the solution treatment improves the distribution of the silicon grains. It is also observed that the alloys attained an almost fully re-crystallized state after aging at 350°C for 90 minutes.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2018, 2, 2; 30-37
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement of Molding Sand Elasticity
Autorzy:
Major-Gabryś, K.
Grabarczyk, A.
Dobosz, S.M.
Jakubski, J.
Morek, J.
Beňo, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
molding sands
mechanical deformation
elasticity
hot-distortion
Opis:
The progressive mechanization and automation of industrial equipment is the driving force of progress, not only in the field of production but also in the measuring and control equipment. In mold production, the automation of processes such as forming molds and cores along with their assembly has led to increases in serial production, reductions in defects, and the shortening of molding times, among others. Thanks to automation in mold and core departments and the use of all sorts of manipulators, mold production in foundries has gained momentum. Unfortunately, in addition to the mentioned advantages, there are also new challenges as to the quality and properties of the molding and core sands used in highly automated foundries.This article presents recent research on molding sand elasticity. The topic was introduced as an attempt to answer the new needs of highly mechanized foundries. The article discusses a new method of measuring the resistance of molding materials to undergoing mechanical deformation (molding sand elasticity), with an additional analysis of the bending strengths of the tested samples. Precise measurements, test sample preparation, and interpretation of the received results are presented in the article.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2018, 2, 2; 38-44
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sintering of Egyptian iron ore
Efektywność procesu rozdziału w osadzarce
Autorzy:
Fouzi, S.M.
Kahlifa, M.G.
Ahmed, Y.M.Z.
Mohamed, F.M.
Shalabi, M.E.H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
egipskie rudy żelaza
spiekanie
Egyptian iron ores
sintering
Opis:
There are many parameters affecting of the sintering process such as: amount of water added, basicity of sinter, amount of sinter return, amount of coke breeze, any addition of iron bearing material (mill scale) and time of ignition. Thus the aim of this work is devoted to study the optimum condition for sintering process of the Egyptian iron ore.
Istnieje wiele parametrów mających wpływ na proces spiekania: ilość dodanej do procesu wody, odczyn pH spieku, ilość pyłu koksowego, każdy dodatek stopu żelaza oraz czas zapłonu. Celem pracy jest określenie optymalnych warunków dla procesów spiekania rud żelaza w Egipcie.
Źródło:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2006, 30, 3/1; 91-107
1732-6702
Pojawia się w:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diurnal seismic ambient noise and seismic station performance characterization in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
Autorzy:
Zannat, Naharin
Farazi, Atikul Haque
Kamal, A. S. M. Maksud
Rahman, Md. Zillur
Hossain, Md. Shakhawat
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
seismic ambient noise
power spectral density
noise energy
noise sources
seismic station
Bengal Basin
Opis:
Seismic ambient noise (SAN) energy can potentially blur regional and teleseismic arrivals as well as various microearthquakes at specific frequencies. Therefore, quantification of the SAN energy level in a region is required to optimize seismic station distribution for seismological investigations. Moreover, evaluation of station performance and noise source is possible from observation of SAN energy levels. The SAN energy distribution from seismic stations in the Bengal Basin (BB), Bangladesh has not yet been estimated. At the same time, this tec-tonically active and complex region is less studied using seismic methods. This study aims to quantify SAN ener-gy and characterize its diurnal variation along with evaluating station performance at 11 seismic stations, which were temporarily installed in the deeper portion of the BB. Herein, the daily SAN energy level was determined within the period range of 0.02–30 s by estimating the power spectral density (PSD) of seismic data for 7 continu-ous days. SAN energy and its variation over time were observed using the probability density functions (PDFs) of PSDs and spectrograms, respectively. The sources of SAN energies at different period bands were also investigat-ed by comparing the PSDs with daily variations in human activities, nearby noise sources, local meteorological factors (i.e., air temperature and precipitation), and sea level height. The insights from this study could be useful for the future deployment of seismic networks as well as seismological studies in the BB.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2023, 49, 3; 209--224
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Business Model for Access to Affordable RE on Economic, Social, and Environmental Value: A Review
Autorzy:
Erdiwansyah
Gani, Asri
Mamat, Rizalman
Nizar, Muhammad
Yana, Syaifuddin
Rosdi, S.M.
Zaki, Muhammad
Eko Sardjono, Ratnaningsih
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
renewable energy
energy access
social
economic
environmental
Opis:
Renewable energy has the potential to power the global economy and effective business models will significantly aid this goal, being among the most critical factors in spurring expansion in the energy industry. This paper reviews articles that discuss business models in the renewable energy sector. Longterm economic, social, and ecological stability is concerned. Previous studies have neglected the environmental sustainability of renewable energy business models, focusing on their technical, social, and economic aspects, primarily for energy access. The business models for solar home and pico systems relied heavily on lowering costs through creative payment plans for customers to be commercially viable. The demand for mini-grids requires end users to launch businesses that can leverage electrification initiatives to be commercially viable. The success of a mini-grid depends on the average consumption and revenue per user. Affordability, unmet energy needs, low electricity demand, lack of financing, unfamiliar business models, and immature markets have impeded energy access in Indonesia. Our analysis revealed that future studies in this field must include environmental sustainability to provide a complete picture for decision-makers. Renewable energy needs in Indonesia can be achieved through the sustainability domain, policy makers can consult this evidence set.
Źródło:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering; 2023, 17, 5; 5--43
1898-1135
Pojawia się w:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of wells location on deposits excavation rate at ore extraction by the method of underground dissolution
Wpływ lokalizacji otworu na wielkość wydobycia surowców z wykorzystaniem metody podziemnego wypłukiwania
Autorzy:
Kaltayev, A.
Tungatarova, M.S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/300115.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
metoda podziemnego wypłukiwania
surowce mineralne
method of underground dissolution
mineral materials
Opis:
The influence of wells location on deposit's excavation rate at ore extraction by the method of underground dissolution is investigated. Dissolution of salt by water is considered as a model of ores extraction. The equations for pressure, transfer of dissolved component are basic equations for the description of solution's filtration in the layer. The dependence between layer extraction completeness and wells location is investigated. Reduction of distance between wells increase deposit's excavation rate and have not influence on excavation time at the same minimum output concentration on the drain. Increasing of minimum output concentration on the drain decreases excavation time and almost has not effect to deposit's excavation rate
W pracy przeanalizowano wpływ lokalizacji otworu na wielkość wydobycia surowców z wykorzystaniem metody podziemnego wypłukiwania. Rozpuszczanie soli przez wodę traktowane jest jak model wydobycia surowców mineralnych. Równania na ciśnienie i transport rozpuszczonych składników są podstawowymi równaniami opisującymi filtrację w warstwach. Przeanalizowano zależność między sczerpaniem danej warstwy a lokalizacją otworów. Zmniejszenie odległości między otworami wpływa na zwiększenie wydobycia i nie ma wpływu na czas wydobycia przy takim samym stężeniu na drenie. Wzrost minimalnego stężenia na drenie obniża czas wydobycia i nie ma większego wpływu na intensywność produkcji
Źródło:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz; 2006, 23, 1; 265-271
1507-0042
Pojawia się w:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of ODE limit problems for reaction-diffusion equations
Autorzy:
Simsen, J.
Simsen, M. S.
Zimmermann, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1397881.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
ODE limit problems
shadow systems
reaction-diffusion equations
parabolic problems
variable exponents
attractors
upper semicontinuity
Opis:
In this work we study ODE limit problems for reaction-diffusion equations for large diffusion and we study the sensitivity of nonlinear ODEs with respect to initial conditions and exponent parameters. Moreover, we prove continuity of the flow and weak upper semicontinuity of a family of global attractors for reaction-diffusion equations with spatially variable exponents when the exponents go to 2 in $L^\infty(\Omega)$ and the diffusion coefficients go to infinity.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2018, 38, 1; 117-131
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Late Messinian palynoflora from Central Anatolian Plateau (Çankırı Basin)
Autorzy:
Atalar, M.
Kovacova, M.
Ozer, M.S.K.
Utescher, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184454.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
ALErl project
climatic boundary
tectonic boundary
Opis:
Within the framework of the Marie Curie FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN program, the ALErT project targets on tectonic and climatic boundary conditions in the regions along the densely populated and the associated with natural hazards part of the Central Anatolian Plateau. The wide Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) extends between the Aegean extensional and Bitlis /Zagros compressional zones. The Çankırı Basin was opened in central Anatolia during Late Cretaceous between the Kırşehir block in the south and Sakarya continents in the north. During the Neo-Tethys closure, the basin became a large intermontane basin covered with continental sedimentary environments (Kazancı et al. 1999). During the Late Miocene, there were different types of lacustrine environments between the northern and southern parts of this basin. Age evidence of the Çankırı Basin deposits has been obtained from the European mammalian faunal zones, because the Sr analysis results have not be significant to interpreted age (Mazzini 2015). To figure out the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes in Çankırı Basin biotic (palynology) and abiotic proxy data (geochemical, δ18O – δ13C isotopes analyses and CaCO3) were analysed. Fifteen samples from Hancili Formation, Tuglu Suleymanli crossing border, Bozkır Formation and Değim Formation were collected from claystone, dark silty clay, gypsum and breccia with silty gypsum layers in the Çankırı Basin. The samples were treated by standard palynological procedures described by Cour (1974). All pollen samples, residues, and slides are stored in Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Each sample collected in the Çankırı Basin contains 150 pollen grains excluding Pinus . Pollen identification was performed under a Zeiss light microscope, and under a Quanta FEG250 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) used for high resolution imaging of pollen grains in Institute of Electrical Engineering Slovak Academy of Sciences. The pollen diagram was prepared with Tilia*-Graph (2.0) (http://www.chrono.qub.ac.uk/datah/tilia.html). According to Mosbrugger & Utescher (1997), coexistence approach derived quantative paleoclimate parameters. To explain the ecological characteristic, we used version of the Past 3.x – the Past of the Future free software scientific statistical data analysis program (http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past/). Head map was prepared using program for four formations. The uplift during the Late Messinian in Çankırı Basin has been confirmed by palynological data and head map evaluation. We applied Xact 8 for the graphic presentation to show vegetation composition. We developed Steppe-Forest Index using a ratio of appropriate species of pollen (Traverse 1978), that serve as a climatic indicator (warm to cold), while interpreting aridity we follow Cour & Duzer (1978). As a consequence, the Poaceae/total Asteraceae ratio in a pollen diagram can be used as a climate index to find out dry to wet zones ines (Popescu 2006). It was calculated based on palynological results (using cluster analysis) to show that sections have four climate cycles with three dry periods. Based on those calculations, we confirmed long term cooling trend during the Late Messinian to the Plio-Pleistocene in Çankırı Basin. Most pollen spectra are mainly presented by Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Poaceae and by trees of Pinus, Cathaya, and Fagus. The group of herbs is important in the pollen spectra and mainly consists of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae, which document open grassland type of vegetation with warm – temperate climate.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2016, 42, 1; 57-58
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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