Within the framework of the Marie Curie FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN program, the ALErT project
targets on tectonic and climatic boundary conditions in the regions along the densely populated and the associated with natural hazards part
of the Central Anatolian Plateau. The wide Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) extends between the
Aegean extensional and Bitlis /Zagros compressional zones. The Çankırı Basin was opened in
central Anatolia during Late Cretaceous between
the Kırşehir block in the south and Sakarya continents in the north. During the Neo-Tethys closure,
the basin became a large intermontane basin covered with continental sedimentary environments
(Kazancı et al. 1999). During the Late Miocene,
there were different types of lacustrine environments between the northern and southern parts
of this basin. Age evidence of the Çankırı Basin
deposits has been obtained from the European
mammalian faunal zones, because the Sr analysis
results have not be significant to interpreted age
(Mazzini 2015).
To figure out the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes in Çankırı Basin biotic (palynology) and abiotic proxy data (geochemical,
δ18O – δ13C isotopes analyses and CaCO3) were
analysed. Fifteen samples from Hancili Formation, Tuglu Suleymanli crossing border, Bozkır Formation and Değim Formation were collected
from claystone, dark silty clay, gypsum and breccia with silty gypsum layers in the Çankırı Basin. The
samples were treated by standard palynological procedures described by Cour (1974). All pollen
samples, residues, and slides are stored in Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
Each sample collected in the Çankırı Basin
contains 150 pollen grains excluding
Pinus
. Pollen
identification was performed under a Zeiss light
microscope, and under a Quanta FEG250 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) used for high
resolution imaging of pollen grains in Institute of
Electrical Engineering Slovak Academy of Sciences. The pollen diagram was prepared with Tilia*-Graph (2.0) (http://www.chrono.qub.ac.uk/datah/tilia.html).
According to Mosbrugger & Utescher
(1997), coexistence approach derived quantative
paleoclimate parameters. To explain the ecological
characteristic, we used version of the Past 3.x
– the Past of the Future free software scientific
statistical data analysis program (http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past/). Head map was prepared using program for four formations. The uplift
during the Late Messinian in Çankırı Basin has
been confirmed by palynological data and head
map evaluation. We applied Xact 8 for the graphic
presentation to show vegetation composition.
We developed Steppe-Forest Index using a ratio
of appropriate species of pollen (Traverse 1978),
that serve as a climatic indicator (warm to cold),
while interpreting aridity we follow Cour &
Duzer (1978). As a consequence, the Poaceae/total
Asteraceae ratio in a pollen diagram can be used
as a climate index to find out dry to wet zones ines (Popescu 2006). It was calculated based on
palynological results (using cluster analysis) to
show that sections have four climate cycles with
three dry periods. Based on those calculations,
we confirmed long term cooling trend during the
Late Messinian to the Plio-Pleistocene in Çankırı
Basin. Most pollen spectra are mainly presented
by Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Poaceae and
by trees of
Pinus, Cathaya, and
Fagus.
The group of herbs is important in the pollen spectra and
mainly consists of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and
Asteraceae, which document open grassland type
of vegetation with warm – temperate climate.
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