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    Tytuł:
    Piętnastowieczny kopiariusz OF 80a z terenu państwa krzyżackiego
    Fifteenth-Century Cartulary OF 80a from the State of the Teutonic Order
    Autorzy:
    Dobrosielska, Alicja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059132.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    territorial borders
    conflicts over borders
    state of the teutonic order
    prussia
    cathedral chapter of warmia
    bishopric of warmia
    settlements in warmia
    late middle ages
    Opis:
    This text comprises the first complete critical edition of eight out of twelve primary sources contained in the fifteenth-century cartulary from the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The cartulary is currently kept in the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin and is marked with archival reference number OF 80a. The creation of the cartulary was connected with a dispute over the territory and the borders of the dominion of the Bishopric of Warmia (Ermland). It contains copies of the privileges issued by the bishop and the Cathedral Chapter of Warmia in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries for the towns located on the border with the Teutonic Order territories. Some copies of the documents are directly related to this dispute and refer to the judgement of the arbitration court of 1374 and the inspections of the border between the territory of the bishopric and the Order of 1428 and 1449. In order to present the reader with the most accurate version of the source text, the content of the cartulary, which is the basis of this edition, has been compared with other preserved copies of the documents published here. These copies were included in fifteenth-century books containing privileges issued by the Cathedral Chapter of Warmia, which are currently kept in the Archives of the Archdiocese of Warmia in Olsztyn.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2020, 85, 3; 105-128
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biografia dygresyjna. O kanoniku warmińskim i o metodzie
    A Digressive Biography: On a Certain Canon of Warmia and Research Methods
    Autorzy:
    Gregorowicz, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1287153.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    emigration
    Italy
    royal court
    Warmia
    cathedral chapter
    canons
    source editing
    biography
    methodology
    Opis:
    In 2019, Wojciech Tygielski published a new book, the fruit of in-depth research on the relations between early modern Poland-Lithuania and Italy, and on the Italian settlement within the borders of the Commonwealth. The purpose of this discussion article is to present the biography of Giovanni Battista Jacobelli as an original narrative resulting from an unconventional methodological approach, and more broadly, as a significant example of contemporary biographical writing. Particular attention is paid to the numerous digressions that appear in the narrative, here considered a deliberate methodological procedure aimed at filling the gaps created by the relatively poor primary sources which constitute the basis of the research. Moreover, the relevance of the reviewed study from the point of view of the present day is raised, as the reviewed book prompts making comparisons between historical reality and modern-day experiences, and reflecting on the permanence of certain social phenomena. The discussion article also contains comments on the extensive source edition contained in the appendix to the reviewed book. The article challenges the author’s approach to presenting the early modern Italian correspondence to the reader, and to the degree of required modernisation.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 2; 137-152
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    W sprawie kopiariusza OF 80a i jego edycji
    Regarding the Cartulary OF 80a and its Editing
    Autorzy:
    Krajniak, Radosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197823.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    source editions
    cartularies
    Warmia
    Canons of Warmia
    14th century
    15th century
    Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin
    Opis:
    The purpose of this publication is to critically evaluate the source edition of the cartulary with a reference number OF 80a from the archives of the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin. The source text in question was created in the 15th century in the chancellery of the Cathedral Chapter of Frombork, most probably in connection with disputes over the borders and the territory of the dominion of Warmia. The small-sized cartulary is limited to only 12 source texts. A significant part of the documents published in the edition was already known to researchers from the materials printed in the Diplomatic Codex of Warmia, as well as from a copy of one of the books of privileges kept in the Archives of the Archdiocese of Warmia in Olsztyn. This, however, does not change the fact that the intention to make the entirety of the cartulary available to a wider audience was certainly a good idea. Alicja Dobrosielska, who undertook this task, made a number of mistakes in the explanatory footnotes while preparing the source text for printing. Therefore, the essential part of this article is to point out the erroneous and inaccurate information, mainly concerning the Canons of the Cathedral Chapter of Warmia, and to present correct data which should have been included in the discussed edition.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 1; 133-143
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Duszpasterstwo wojskowe na obszarze diecezji warmińskiej w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku
    Military Chaplaincy in the Diocese of Warmia in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
    Autorzy:
    Jodkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059211.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    prussian army
    diocese of warmia
    military chaplaincy
    military chaplains
    east prussia
    nineteenth century
    Opis:
    The historiography of the Diocese of Warmia has so far lacked a study on military chaplaincy in the first half of the nineteenth century. In order to investigate this issue, an analysis of the documentation stored at the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin has been conducted. The results of the study demonstrated that the Catholic military chaplaincy began to recover after the Napoleonic campaign of 1806–1807. In 1810, Catholic priests performed regular ministerial service in four cities. However, in 18 garrisons services were not performed. As a result, soldiers could receive their sacraments in Catholic churches only if they obtained passes. The first legal solutions of 1811 did not provide for the existence of a Catholic chaplaincy during peacetime. Some significant changes occurred in 1832. In the absence of a military chaplain, a clergyman working in a civil parish was to take over his function. By the end of that year, priests from Warmia served regularly in garrisons in Braniewo, Elblag, Klaipeda, Konigsberg, Malbork and Tilsit. Another 15 garrisons were to receive a chaplain. Some of them served in several garrisons. The issue of financing military chaplains remained unresolved for quite a long time. In February 1835, the Minister of War, Job von Witzleben, informed that chaplains recruited from the diocesan clergy received allowances, reimbursement for travel expenses and four thalers for their chaplaincy. However, some military places of worship suffered from a shortage of liturgical equipment.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2020, 85, 2; 157-174
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Z badań nad biografiami członków warmińskiej kapituły katedralnej w pierwszym okresie jej funkcjonowania(do połowy XIV wieku)
    From the research on biographies of members of the cathedral chapter of Warmia (Ermland) in the first stage of its functioning (until the mid-14th century)
    Autorzy:
    Krajniak, Radosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193594.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    history of the Church
    the Middle Ages
    Prussian dioceses
    Warmia (Ermland)
    the cathedral chapter
    prelates and canons
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of the research on the careers of twelve clergymen who became members of the Warmia cathedral chapter in the first century of its existence. The author discusses the careers of two bishops from Warmia [Ermland] – Eberhard von Neisse and Johann von Meissen along with the careers of other clergymen who also held important positions in the Church beyond the Warmia canonry (parish priests, canons of other chapters, workers in the chancery of grand masters). Thanks to a wide range of sources and studies along with the reanalysis and reinterpretation of the sources already known, we have managed to establish new facts and eliminate old inaccuracies which had for decades been present in historiography.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2015, 80, 1; 65-83
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mikołaj Kopernik – duchowny w czasach przełomu
    Nicolaus Copernicus – a Clergyman in the Times of Breakthrough
    Autorzy:
    Radzimiński, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194113.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    the Church
    the chapter of Ermland [Warmia]
    the culture and art of the Renaissance
    Royal Prussia
    Toruń
    Reformation
    Opis:
    The article presents Nicolaus Copernicus as a clergyman against the background of the momentous epoch in the history of Europe – the transition period from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. It depicts the great astronomer, lawyer and economist against the background of the substantial cultural and religious event which took place in connection with the Reformation. In the text the author justifies why Copernicus, as a canon of Ermland, had a lower ordination, even when he took over the canonry of Ermland. The author also presents the context of Copernicus’ origin in Toruń and Royal Prussia.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 2; 51-69
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przemoc i bezprawie w okresie zasiedlania południowej części byłych Prus Wschodnich w latach 1945–1946
    Violence and Lawlessness during the Settlement of the Southern Areas of Former East Prussia in 1945–1946
    Autorzy:
    Gross, Radosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197813.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    settlement
    robbery
    pillage
    Warmia and Masuria
    East Prussia
    history of Poland after World War II
    1945
    Opis:
    This article is devoted to the negative phenomena that accompanied the process of settlement in the southern areas of East Prussia, which was incorporated into Poland in 1945. Violence, robbery, and pillage committed by the Polish population from the border areas of the Second Polish Republic, who unlawfully entered the territory of the former East Prussia, entailed long-term social and economic consequences in the southern areas of Warmia and Masuria. So far, this issue has only been mentioned in works devoted to the settlement processes in Warmia and Masuria. The purpose of this article is to examine the course and effects of the aforementioned phenomena, whose particular intensity was noted between 1945 and 1946. The text is based on a critical analysis of unpublished archival sources of local and central administration, including materials produced by local structures of the Public Security Bureau. The research was supplemented by an analysis of printed sources and memoirs. The findings made it possible to investigate and describe the involvement of the officers of the Citizens’ Militia and the Public Security Bureau in the acts of violence, robberies and pillage in Warmia and Masuria, which have not been previously accounted for in literature. As it turned out, the majority of these officers came from the same areas as the so-called ‘wild settlers’ and looters.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 2; 89-116
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Budownictwo warowne jako narzędzie intensyfikacji władztwa na obrzeżach kraju. Casus Bezławek w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
    Constructing Strongholds as a Means of Strengthening Territorial Authority on Peripheries: The Case of the Castle in Bäslack (Bezławki) in Late Medieval Prussia
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913066.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    late Middle Ages
    Prussia
    Ermland
    Warmia
    Teutonic Order
    castles
    territorial authority
    fortifications
    conflicts
    colonisation
    Opis:
    The article concerns the chronological framework and circumstances of constructing a castle of the Teutonic Order in Bäslack (Bezławki). The research was based on written, mainly manuscript, primary sources. A detailed analysis has been made of the colonisation carried out by the Teutonic Order in the lower and middle course of the Dajna River, where this castle was built, in the region of Barten (Bartia). The analysis made it possible to date back the chronology of constructing the stronghold to the 1370s. It was also argued that the direct reason for erecting the castle was the conflict of the Bishop of Ermland (Warmia) Johann II Stryprock with the Teutonic Order, which had been escalating in the 1360s, and which ended only in 1374/1375. On the one hand, the construction of the castle in Bäslack was to symbolically emphasise the dominant position of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and its supremacy over the dominion of the bishops of Ermland. On the other hand, it was to serve as a tangible demarcation of the territory which was directly under the rule of the Teutonic Order in the region, where the border between the lands controlled by the Teutonic Knights and by the bishops of Ermland had not been firmly established, which was one of the causes of the aforementioned conflict.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 3; 81-116
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Filia katarzynek z Braniewa na Żmudzi. Klasztor katarzynek w Krokach w XVIII wieku
    The Branch of St. Catherine’s Sisters of Braniewo in Samogitia: the Convent of St. Catherine’s Sisters in Krakės in the 18th Century
    Autorzy:
    Kamuntavičienė, Vaida
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1158502.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Samogitia
    Krakės
    Warmia
    Braniewo
    18th century
    the Congregation of St. Catherine of Alexandria
    Opis:
    The Samogitian bishop Jerzy Tyszkiewicz founded the Convent of St. Catherine in Krakės in 1645. The research on St. Catherine’s Sisters in the 18th century has received the least attention from researchers. On the basis of manuscripts and published sources, the article discusses the attitude of the Samogitian bishops towards St. Catherine’s Sisters; it provides data about the material situation of the convent and the church, the relations of St. Catherine’s sisters with the community, and directions of piety. In addition, the research on the collective biography of St. Catherine’s Sisters has been carried out. The research has revealed that the community of St. Catherine’s Sisters in Krakės was relatively small; at a certain point, it consisted of 12 nuns of noble origin from Samogitia and the neighbouring territories. Some information has been found about 48 nuns who gave eternal vows in 1680–1797. They lived and prayed in a wooden church built in 1692 and a wooden convent built in 1722. In the Church of St. Trinity and St. Catherine, Virgin and Martyr, there were six altars; the convent consisted of 15 cells, a refectory, a parlatorium, and an infirmary. The main sources of material livelihood of St. Catherine’s Sisters in Krakės were donations of the Samogitian bishops and the nobility and dowries of the novices; however, the convent was not rich. Even though St. Catherine’s Sisters in Krakės adopted the regulation of the Congregation of St. Catherine of Alexandria, Virgin and Martyr, in 1673, they developed independently and established local traditions; for instance, at some point they followed a strict clausura, which limited their possibilities to carry out apostolic activities behind the walls of the convent. St. Catherine’s Sisters focused on the education of children (especially orphans) and performed caritative functions. In addition to the prayers indicated in the regulation of St. Catherine’s Sisters, the nuns in Krakės prayed the Liturgy of the Hours of the Blessed Virgin Mary’s Immaculate Conception, the Stations of the Cross, and other prayers. They also took care of the Fraternity of St. Barbara and Holy Mary Scapular, which operated at the convent.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 2; 33-56
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Church in Royal and Teutonic Prussia after the Second Peace of Toruń: the Time of Continuation and Change
    Kościół w Prusach Królewskich i państwie zakonu krzyżackiego po drugim pokoju toruńskim: ciągłość i zmiana
    Autorzy:
    Radzimiński, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194050.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    dioceses of Chełmno, Pomesania, Sambia, Ermland [Warmia]
    territorial dominion of Prussian bishops,
    cathedral chapters
    Pomeranian arch deaconry
    parishes
    Opis:
    W artykule zostały omówione bezpośrednie oraz pośrednie konsekwencje drugiego pokoju toruńskiego odnoszące się do sytuacji Kościoła w państwie zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach do czasów reformacji. Zaprezentowane zostały zaobserwowane w tym zakresie elementy kontynuacji oraz zmian, które wynikały zarówno z ukształtowania się nowego politycznego podporządkowania poszczególnych diecezji, jak i stopniowo zmieniającej się pozycji prawnej tamtejszych biskupstw i ich zwierzchników. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że wszystkie zmiany polityczne, prawne, organizacyjne i społeczne zachodzące w Kościele w Prusach po drugim pokoju toruńskim z 1466 r. stały się jedynie wstępem do mającej nastąpić za kilkadziesiąt lat reformacji. Podziały polityczne, a tym samym zmiany w organizacji kościelnej, zdecydowały o kształcie przyszłej organizacji Kościoła w Prusach – kontynuacji w przypadku katolickich diecezji wchodzących w skład Prus Królewskich i zmianie, związanej z reformą protestancką i powstaniem struktur Kościoła ewangelickiego na terytorium Kościoła w Prusach Książęcych.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 4; 69-81
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    (Wild)haus w Bezławkach (Bayselauken, Bäslack) – uwagi na temat budownictwa warownego zakonu niemieckiego w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
    (Wild)haus in Bezławki (Bayselauken, Bäslack) – remarks on the construction of fortifications of the Teutonic Order in late medieval Prussia
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193954.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Late Middle Ages
    late medieval Prussia
    Warmia (Ermland)
    castles
    construction of fortifications
    the military affairs in the Late Middle Ages
    conflicts
    Opis:
    The article constitutes a collection of remarks concerning military aspects of the construction and functioning of the Teutonic Order’s castle in Bäslack (Bayselauken, Bezławki) in the last decades of the 14th century. Considerations included in the article refer to opinions expressed by the authors of the collective monograph about the late medieval settlement complex in Bezławki published in 2013. It presents the findings of archeological research in the castle and the village in the years 2008–2012. Remarks presented in the article concern three out of six problems which are considered the most essential. While it goes beyond doubt that the castle played an important defensive role and fulfiled function as a getaway spot, the hypothesis of it being a „fortified camp” for the army troops during military actions of the Teutonic Order against the Lithuanians and Ruthenians has been undermined. It is not possible to consider it to play a military role on a strategic level, as do the authors of the monograph of 2013. In the second part of the article the author undermines the hypothesis about the „system” character of the complexes of fortifications situated on the eastern outskirts of Prussia. If the castle in Bäslack was indeed part of some defensive system, this could operate only on the local level and consist of an insignificant number of elements including longitudinal fortifications constituting the so called „landwere”. The next issue addressed by the author was a problem of the typological character of the term „wildhaus”. As in the 14th century the term connoted the location of the fortification on the edges of the Wildniss-areas, the author shows a far-reaching morphological diversity of fortifications on the eastern outskirts of Prussia, which were or could be classified as „wildhaus”. Thus, a „wildhaus” cannot be classified as a morphological type of a fortification. The typology of fortifications based on the morphological criteria cannot be connected with the typology based on the administrative and terminological criteria. Archeological examination of the Bäslack fortification complex evinces its major cognitive potential and makes us aware of how little is known about the functioning of minor fortifications in late medieval Prussia. Further research in this research field belongs to one of the most important elements of historical science in the Prussian regional dimension and related humanities.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 7-46
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Już bezprawie czy jeszcze prawo? O główszczyźnie i wróżdzie w Prusach Książęcych i Prusach Królewskich w czasach nowożytnych
    Lawless or still lawful? About wergild (man-price) and vendetta in the Duchy of Prussia and Royal Prussia in the early modern times
    Autorzy:
    Białuński, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193942.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    early modern criminal law
    Chełmo law
    the General State Laws for the Prussian States
    the judicial system of early modern Warmia (Ermland)
    bloody retaliation
    Opis:
    The wergild as a financial punishment for husband killing survived in Prussia until the mid-18th century, but the general rule was that the perpetrators of husband killing were sentenced to death. The reason why the wergild survived for such a long time in Prussia was the fact that courts applied the Chelmno law, according to which the wergild was recognized by tradition and also found in subsequent registers of the Chelmno law. At the beginning of the early modern period the wergild could apply only in case of assassinations committed in self-defense or by accident; deliberate crimes were subject to the law of retaliation. Yet, the law of retaliation could not be applied in relation to groups. With time the wergild could not be used out of court and the law of retaliation was abolished. The next step restricting the use of the wergild was the fact that it was to be applied in case of unintentional or accidental homicides; moreover, in case of killing in self-defence the perpetrator was exempt from the wergild. It was the court that passed a sentence of the wergild, but in cases of reconciliation the sentence was passed by other arbitration bodies. The wergild was allowed mainly among noblemen, which was in accordance with the Polish law of the time. The circle of people entitled to the wergild was reduced to the closest agnate, while in case of husband killing it applied only to the perpetrator. The wergild was no longer shared with the authorities; it was only the judge who received the fee referred to as multa. The value of the wergild was determined by the rank of the office held by the assassinated person. Moreover, the wergild constituted a kind of financial unit used to establish the value of fines and compensatory damages. Apart from the compensation in the form of financial gratification, the wergild constituted the indemnification for physical injury or damage to honour. The latter could also entail some additional punishment e.g. the act of submission. Until the mid-17th century the tradition of bloody retaliation (vendetta) was practiced at least among the nobility. It was illegal and punished by death sentence. Its alternative continued to be the possibility of settlement. The retaliation was limited only to the perpetrator of the homicide.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 47-63
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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