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Tytuł:
Has the Turning Point Been Missed? Exclusivity Payments Granted by Dominant Undertakings in the Light of the Enforcement Priorities Guidance
Autorzy:
Krzyżewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
dominant position
abuse of dominant position
exclusivity
as-efficient competitor test
Opis:
For many years, exclusivity payments and its specific type – loyalty rebates – were treated by the European Commission (Commission) as restrictions by object. This approach has been gradually revised towards a more effect-based reasoning. In the Guidance on the Commission’s enforcement priorities in applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings (Guidance), the Commission demonstrated its willingness to follow the so-called ‘economic approach’. In particular, the Commission announced that for price-based exclusionary conduct the so-called ‘as-efficient competitor’ test (AEC test) is going to be used. This article aims to verify whether the Commission followed the Guidance in its assessment of exclusionary practices in two cases, Qualcomm and Google (Android), considered by the Author as an opportunity to make a move from a form-based to an economic-based approach. In his considerations, the Author provides proposals on how the practice of the Commission should be changed to ensure dominant undertakings are provided with a sufficient level of legal certainty.
Pendant de nombreuses années, les paiements d’exclusivité et le type spécifique de rabais de fidélité ont été traités par la Commission européenne (la Commission) comme des restrictions par objet. Cette approche a été progressivement révisée en faveur d’un raisonnement fondé sur les effets. Dans les Orientations sur les priorités retenues par la Commission pour l’application de l’article 82 du Traité CE aux pratiques d’éviction abusives des entreprises dominantes (Orientations), la Commission a démontré sa volonté de suivre l’approche “économique”. En particulier, la Commission a annoncé que pour les pratiques d’exclusion fondées sur les prix, le test du “concurrent le plus efficace” sera utilisé. Cet article vise à vérifier si la Commission a suivi les lignes directrices dans son évaluation des pratiques d’exclusion dans deux affaires, Qualcomm et Google (Android), considérées par l’auteur comme des occasions de passer d’une approche fondée sur la forme à une approche économique. Dans ses considérations, l’Auteur fournit des propositions sur la manière dont la pratique de la Commission devrait être modifiée afin de garantir que les entreprises dominantes bénéficient d’un niveau suffisant de sécurité juridique.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2021, 14, 24; 63-95
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Insights from the Slovak Hybrid Mail Services Case. Case Comment to the Judgement of the General Court of 25 March 2015 and Order of Court of Justice of the EU of 30 June 2016 Slovenská pošta v Commission (Cases T-556/08, C-293/15P)
Autorzy:
Kačerauskas, Karolis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
dominant position
postal sector
statutory monopoly
Opis:
The Slovak hybrid mail services case (or Slovenska posta case) is truly unique in EU jurisprudence. Within the last decade, the European Commission rarely applied Article 106(1) in conjunction with Article 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions in individual cases. Thus Slovenska posta constitutes one of the rare examples of such enforcement. Slovenska posta also constitutes a very rare example of a judicial review of Commission decisions based on Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU. Slovenska posta is only the second case when European courts were called upon to review the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU by the Commission and the first when the judicial review was conducted over a Commission decision regarding “failure to meet the demand”. Indeed, since 1989-1990 (when the Commission commenced to apply Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions introduced by the Member States) and until 2014, when the Court of Justice adopted its decision in Greek lignite (DEI) case , none of the Commission decisions was reviewed by EU courts. Such lack of appeals resulted in a rather strange situation under which the Commission and CJEU developed their own jurisprudence on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU and occasionally interpreted the same legal criteria differently. In this regard, a court review in Slovenska posta was eagerly awaited in the hope it would reconcile these diverging positions and provide more clarity on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(16); 191-204
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Autonomy of Sector-Specific Regulation – Is It Still Worth Protecting? Further Thoughts on the Parallel Application of Competition Law and Regulatory Instruments
Autorzy:
Stawicki, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of dominant position
sector-specific regulation
Opis:
This article sets out to contribute to the on-going discussion regarding the relationship between competition law and sector-specific regulation, as well as the parallel application of competition law and regulatory instruments. Thus, this article attempts to provide a systematic outline of arguments which are conclusive for the proposition that sector-specific regulation must remain fully autonomous, while taking a critical stance with respect to the views of both the Supreme Court and academic lawyers who advocate the supremacy of competition law.
Le sujet du présent article est la relation entre le droit de la concurrence et le droit des secteurs regulés, ainsi que l’application parallele des institutions du droit de la concurrence et des instruments regulatoires. Le but de l’article est de presenter les arguments selon lesquelles les regulations des secteurs doivent rester autonomes. Il est important de polemiquer avec l’avis exprimé par la Cour Superierure polonaise et par certains juristes qui croivent le droit de la concurrence superieur aux autres regulations.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(4); 115-133
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lack of a Price Reduction Despite a Decrease in Service Quality as an Unfair Price and Abuse of a Dominant Position Case Comment to the Judgment of the Supreme Court of 13 July 2012, Autostrada Malopolska (Ref. No. III SK 44/11)
Autorzy:
Krajewska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of a dominant position
consumer welfare
public tribute
unfair price
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 245-250
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent Competition Policy Developments in Hungary – Unfair Commercial Practices, Cartels and Abuse of Dominance
Autorzy:
Szilágyi, Pál
Tóth, Tihamér
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of a dominant position
anticompetitive agreements
Hungary
unfair commercial practices
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 173-190
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Behaviour of Dominant Firms and the Principle of Equal Opportunities: Lessons From the SEN Antitrust Saga Case Comment to the Servizio Elettrico Nazionale Judgment of the Court of Justice of 12 May 2022, Case C-377/20
Autorzy:
Zoboli, Laura
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43469297.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
liberalization
abuse of dominant position
102
exclusionary effects
equally efficient competitor
Opis:
This commentary concerns the Servizio Elettrico Nazionale (SEN) case that stems from the conduct of an incumbent operator – Enel S.p.A. – called upon to confront the liberalization process of the Italian electricity market. In particular, the former legal monopolist allegedly worked to consolidate its dominant position in the electricity production market, by denying its rivals access to a resource that would have been non-replicable and of strategic importance to compete in the liberalized electricity distribution market. This ruling is of fundamental importance as the Court of Justice discusses therein the objectives of antitrust law and the notion of exclusionary abuse. Moreover, in light of the practical interpretation of the ruling, it is important to ask whether the CJEU would have developed the same reasoning if the relevant market had not concerned an industry undergoing liberalization, such as the electricity sector. The commentary closes by referencing the more recent Unilever case, where the Court of Justice seems to confirm the opportunity of applying the “as efficient competitor test” to non-price practices even, in the absence of a market liberalization process.
Ce commentaire concerne l’affaire Servizio Elettrico Nazionale (SEN) qui découle du comportement d’un opérateur historique – Enel S.p.A. – appelé à faire face au processus de libéralisation du marché italien de l’électricité. En particulier, l’ancien monopoleur légal aurait travaillé pour consolider sa position dominante sur le marché de la production d’électricité, en refusant à ses rivaux l’accès à une ressource qui aurait été non reproductible et d’une importance stratégique pour être compétitif sur le marché libéralisé de la distribution d’électricité. Cet arrêt est d’une importance fondamentale car la Cour de justice y discute des objectifs de la législation antitrust et de la notion d’abus d’exclusion. De plus, à la lumière de l’interprétation pratique de l’arrêt, il est important de se demander si la CJUE aurait développé le même raisonnement si le marché pertinent n’avait pas concerné un secteur en cours de libéralisation, tel que le secteur de l’électricité. Le commentaire se termine par une référence à l’affaire Unilever, plus récente, dans laquelle la Cour de justice semble confirmer l’opportunité d’appliquer le test du concurrent aussi efficace aux pratiques non tarifaires, même en l’absence d’un processus de libéralisation du marché.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2023, 16, 28; 153-171
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Competition Law in Kosovo: Problems and Challenges
Autorzy:
Çeku, Orhan M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530201.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse
agreement
authority
commission
competition law
concentration
dominant position
Kosovo
state aid
Opis:
Competition Law is an important aspect of free market economy. It determines the functioning of the economic system based on the free market principles of supply and demand. Competition law is in the initial stage of its implementation in the Republic of Kosovo. Its development began in 2004 with the adoption of Kosovo’s Law on Competition, the country’s very first law passed to regulate the legal basis of free market competition. The Law on Competition of 2004 had many shortcomings both with respect to its content and implementation. New legislation was thus passed in 2010 under the name the Law on the Protection of Competition. The latter act is in force now along with an Amendment that entered into force in early 2014. Taken in its entirety, Kosovo’s competition law meets the standards and is in accordance with EU legislation. Kosovo, although it is only in the initial stage of its contractual relations with the EU, has aligned most of its laws with the requirements of EU legislation. Kosovo is Europe’s youngest country and as such, it has various problems when it comes to the functioning of the rule of law. This paper will discuss several topics related to the development of competition law in Kosovo including: the political, legal and economical situation in the field of competition law; the legal bases for the protection of competition in Kosovo; the Kosovo Competition Authority and the insufficiency in its capacities to combat competition law infringements; legal provisions on restrictive practices and merger control. The paper also includes comprehensive conclusions. A number of competition cases deal with by the Kosovo Competition Authority will be mentioned throughout the paper.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(11); 101-128
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Competition Law in Macedonia in 2011-2012: New Perspectives and New Challenges
Autorzy:
Jashari, Adnan
Ziba Memeti, Nora
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of a dominant position
anticompetitive agreements
concentration
Republic of Macedonia
state aid
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 201-222
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Huawei Case and Its Aftermath: a New Test for a New Type of Abuse
Autorzy:
Pais, Sofia Oliveira
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of dominant position
FRAND commitments
seeking an injunction
standard essential patents
willing licensee
Opis:
Competition law sets limits on the exercise of intellectual property rights by dominant companies, namely in cases involving standard essential patents (SEPs). This article will examine the framework for SEP owners’ right to seek an injunction, discussing competitive problems that such situations may cause as well as the solutions adopted by the European Institutions,comparing them with the US and Japanese approach, and finally reflecting upon the opportunity for a new test for a new type of abuse. Although the three legal orders – US, EU and Japan – apply different laws establishing a general presumption against injunctions in SEPs encumbered with FRAND commitments, their goal is the same: to protect the interest of the SEP holder to obtain a remuneration without an abusive recourse to injunctions. I will argue that, in the EU, the Huawei case created a new test for a new type of abuse, improving the comprehensibility and certainty for the companies involved in standardization across Europe and allowing the harmonization of national judicial solutions regarding the seeking of injunctions in the SEPs context. In spite of some uncertainties, the new test clarifies the role that competition rules should play in cases of abuses by SEPs owners.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(16); 11-32
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exploitative Abuse of a Dominant Position in the Bulgarian Energy Markets
Autorzy:
Marinova, Miroslava
Yaneva-Ivanova, Kremena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of a dominant position
Bulgarian competition authority
exploitative abuses
energy sector
sector specific regulation
Opis:
In the last few years the behavior of undertakings operating in the regulated utility markets, such as energy, water and communications, has been in the focus of the Bulgarian Competition Authority (hereinafter, BCA). Typically, these companies are dominant due to their exclusive licenses to operate in a certain territory and thus the contents of their contractual relationships with customers are often defined in general terms and conditions (hereinafter, GTCs) adopted or approved by the respective sector regulator. Most or all aspects of their pricing policy is also subject to sector regulation. By analysing critically two landmark decisions of the BCA concerning abuses of companies active in the energy markets, this paper raises the following questions: (1) to what extent the BCA is competent to intervene and sanction those undertakings for conduct which is subject of regulatory control by the sector regulator (the Energy and Water Regulation Commission (hereinafter, EWRC)) and (2) whether in its enforcement practice against those undertakings, the BCA is following the legal standards adopted by the EU courts.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(16); 33-56
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Key Legislative and Jurisprudential Developments of Polish Antitrust Law in 2012
Autorzy:
Piszcz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530223.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
antitrust legislation
judicial antitrust proceedings
guidelines
antitrust jurisprudence
anticompetitive agreements
abuse of a dominant position
concentrations
fines
Opis:
This article has two objectives. First, it presents the most important developments of Polish antitrust legislation of 2012. These include recent amendments to legal provisions on judicial antitrust proceedings contained in the Code of Civil Procedure, and some novel issues in the area of non-binding guidelines of the Polish NCA, the UOKiK President. Second, the article introduces key developments in Polish competition law jurisprudence of 2012. It characterises selected rulings delivered by the Polish Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals in Warsaw and the Court of Competition and Consumer Protection. Judgments are divided according to their subject matter.
Cet article a deux objectifs. Premièrement, il présente les développements les plus importants de la législation antitrust polonais de 2012. Il s'agit notamment de récentes modifications apportées à des dispositions juridiques en matière de procédure antitrust judiciaires qui se trouve dans le Code de procédure civile, et quelques nouvelles questions dans le domaine des lignes directrices non-contraignantes de l'Autorité natinale du contrôle polonaise, le président de l’Organe pour la protection de la concurrence et des consommateurs (UOKiK). Deuxièmement, l'article présente les développements principaux en matière de jurisprudence de 2012 relative à la loi polonaise de la concurrence. Il caractérise des jugements sélectionnés prononcés par la Cour suprême polonaise, la Cour d'appel de Varsovie et la Cour de la concurrence et de la protection des consommateurs. Les jugements sont présentés selon les sujects qu’ils concernent.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 141-158
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Chicago-School Island in the Ordo-liberal Sea? The Hungarian Competition Office’s Relaxed Treatment of Abuse of Dominance Cases
Autorzy:
Nagy, Csongor István
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Article 102 TFEU
dominant position
Hungarian competition law
margin squeeze
predatory pricing
price squeeze
refusal to deal
Opis:
The paper presents and evaluates the impact of the 'more economic' approach of the Hungarian Competition Office’s decisional practice as to predatory pricing, margin squeeze and refusal to deal under Hungarian competition law. It compares the Hungarian practice with the more formalistic approach of the CJEU’s jurisprudence. The paper evaluates the Hungarian decisional practice in abuse cases and provides a brief assessment on the consequences of applying diverging standards in EU and national abuse of dominance law.
Cet article présente et apprécie l’impact de l’approche plus économique (« more economic approach ») de l’Autorité hongroise de la concurrence en matière de prix d’éviction, compression des marges et refus de vente en droit hongrois. Il compare la pratique hongroise avec l’approche plus formaliste de la jurisprudence de la CJUE. L’article apprécie la pratique hongroise en matière d’abus de position dominante et rend la récapitulation des conséquences de l’application des règles divergentes en droit européen et national en matière d’abus.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 54-74
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Overview of Kazakhstani New Anti-monopoly Regulation
Autorzy:
Korobeinikov, Alexander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Kazakhstan
antitrust law
Entrepreneurial Code
anti-competitive
agreements
economic concentration
restrictive agreements
dominant market
position
unfair competition
violating competition laws
Opis:
The main statute governing competition in Kazakhstan is the Entrepreneurial Code, first adopted in October 2015. Section 4 of the Code in particular is aimed at the protection of competition in Kazakhstan. It primarily deals with anti-competitive agreements and conduct, provides for a control system over economic concentrations, and regulates anti-monopoly investigations. The anti-monopoly provisions of the Code are enforced by the Committee on the Regulation of Natural Monopolies and Protection of Competition within the Ministry of the National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its regional departments located in each Kazakhstani region and its two main cities (Almaty and Astana). The Committee has a broad range of powers and duties ranging from investigating anti-competitive conduct and imposing administrative sanctions to regulating natural monopolies. The Code generally prohibits horizontal and vertical agreements and concerted actions that lead (or can lead) to restriction of competition, albeit it also provides certain exemptions. The Code includes an exhaustive list of conduct which is prohibited for dominant entities. The Anti-monopoly Committee exercises control over economic concentrations by overseeing mergers, consolidations, acquisitions and certain other transactions.
La loi principale régissant la concurrence au Kazakhstan est le Code de l'entreprise, adoptée en octobre 2015. Notamment la section 4 du Code de l'entreprise vise à protéger la concurrence au Kazakhstan. Elle stipule des dispositions concernant des ententes anticoncurrentiels et des pratiques concertées, elle prévoit un système de contrôle des concentrations et réglemente des enquêtes concernant les violations du droit de la concurrence. Les dispositions du Code de l'entreprise concernant la concurrence sont appliquées par le Comité sur la réglementation des monopoles et la protection de la concurrence, au sein du Ministère de l'économie nationale de la République du Kazakhstan et dans ses départements régionaux situés dans chaque région du Kazakhstan et dans ses deux principales villes (Almaty et Astana). Le Comité possède de multiples prérogatives et de fonctions allant de l'examen de comportement anticoncurrentielle et l'imposition de sanctions administratives à la réglementation des monopoles naturels. Le Code interdit généralement les accords horizontaux et verticaux ou les actions concertées qui conduisent (ou peuvent conduire) à la restriction de la concurrence, mais il prévoit aussi certaines exemptions. Le Code contient une liste exhaustive de comportements interdits aux entités dominantes. Le contrôle de concentrations est exercé par le Comité anti monopole et il s'agit de contrôle des fusions, des regroupements, des acquisitions et des certaines autres transactions.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2016, 9(14); 195-202
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Addressing Anticompetitive Data Aggregation: a Comment to Bundeskartellamt Decision B6-22/16
Autorzy:
Skopowska, Laura
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
data aggregation
data-driven markets
platforms
networks
data
information asset
abuse of dominant position
abusive business terms
exclusionary
abuse
exploitative abuse
Opis:
Data aggregation, understood as the process of gathering and combining data in order to prepare datasets that might be useful for specific business or other purposes, is not per se forbidden. However, some forms of it can be considered anticompetitive. In the Decision B6-22/16 of the German Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt) data aggregation, which included the collection of data from sources outside of Facebook’s social network (from Facebook-owned services such as WhatsApp and Instagram and from third party websites or mobile applications) and their combination with the information connected with a particular Facebook user account without that user’s consent, constituted an abuse of Facebook’s dominant position on the German market for social networks. The Bundeskartellamt found that the processing of user’s personal data by Facebook has, to some extent, been carried out in a way which infringed GDPR provisions. In the same decision, the Bundeskartellamt also identified the exclusionary nature of Facebook’s anticompetitive behaviour. According to the Bundeskartellamt, the illegal data aggregation formed a barrier to entry for Facebook’s competitors which, through compliance with data protection standards, found themselves in a worst position. Facebook, through its inappropriate data aggregation gained a competitive advantage. The Bundeskartellamt’s decision is, therefore, reflecting the anticompetitive dangers that data aggregation might pose. Nevertheless, it is debated whether the Bundeskartellamt, as a competition authority, is competent to determine the compliance or lack of compliance of business terms with the provisions of the GDPR. This paper analyzes the Bundeskartellamt’s decision as to where an anticompetitive nature of data processing has been identified, and tries to answer the question why it is problematic that it was the Bundeskartellamt and not a data protection supervisory authority that has issued such a decision.
L’agrégation de données, entendue comme le processus de collecte et de combinaison de données en vue de la préparation d’ensembles de données qui pourraient être utiles à des fins commerciales spécifiques ou pour d’autres fins, n’est pas en soi interdite. Toutefois, certaines formes peuvent être considérées comme anticoncurrentielles. Dans la décision B6-22/16, l’Office fédéral allemand des cartels(Bundeskartellamt) a examiné l’agrégation de données effectuée par Facebook, qui comprenait la collecte de données provenant de sources autres que le réseau social Facebook (de services appartenant à Facebook tels que WhatsApp et Instagram ou sites Web tiers ou applications mobiles) et leur combinaison aux informations liées aux comptes utilisateurs Facebook sans consentement de l’utilisateur. Premièrement, le Bundeskartellamt a considéré qu’un tel comportement constituait un abus de position dominante de Facebook sur le marché allemand des réseaux sociaux. Le Bundeskartellamt a également constaté que le traitement des données à caractère personnel des utilisateurs par Facebook a, dans une certaine mesure, été effectué en violation des dispositions du GDPR. Dans la même décision, le Bundeskartellamt a aussi identifié le caractère exclusif du comportement anticoncurrentiel de Facebook. Selon le Bundeskartellamt, l’agrégation illégale de données a constitué une barrière à l’entrée pour les concurrents de Facebook qui, en respectant les normes de protection des données, se sont trouvés dans la pire position. Facebook, par son agrégation inappropriée de données, a acquis un avantage concurrentiel. La décision du Bundeskartellamt reflète donc les dangers anticoncurrentiels que l’agrégation de données pourrait poser. Néanmoins, la question de savoir si le Bundeskartellamt, en tant qu’autorité de concurrence, est compétent pour déterminer si les conditions commerciales sont conformes ou non aux dispositions du GDPR est une question qui fait débat. Le présent article analyse la décision du Bundeskartellamt lorsqu’une nature anticoncurrentielle du traitement des données a été identifiée et essaye de répondre à la question du fait que ce soit le Bundeskartellamt qui ait pris une telle décision et non une autorité de contrôle en charge la protection des données.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 19; 139-172
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Antitrust Legislation and Case Law Review 2010
Autorzy:
Jurkowska-Gomułka, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-11-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of a dominant position
anticompetitive agreements
antitrust case law
antitrust legislation
common competition rule of the EU
group exemption
fines
motor vehicle distribution
relevant market
Opis:
The article presents key developments in Polish antitrust legislation and case law of 2010. Regarding legislation, the article focuses on a new group exemption for agreements on motor vehicle distribution; also provided is a general characterisation of antitrust jurisprudence, mainly the judgments of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals in Warsaw. The presented rulings are divided according to their subject matter referring to particular types of restrictive practices, relevant market definition, relationships between the Competition Act and other national legislation as well as problems related to the UOKiK President’s decision-making process and juridical control of antitrust decisions.
L’article présent les développements clés de la loi polonaise d’ententes et la jurisprudence en 2010. Par rapport a la législation, l’article se concentre sur un nouveau règlement d’exemption les d’accords verticaux et de pratiques concertées dans le secteur automobile. L’article présent caractéristiques générales des cas en matière d’ententes, surtout ceux règles par la Cour Suprême et la Cour d’Appel de Varsovie. La description des cas est divisée en parties thématiques concernant les types particuliers des pratiques restreignant la concurrence, identification des marches, relations entre le Droit de la compétition et les autres actes et problèmes relatifs a l’adoption et l’exécution des décisions par le président de l’UOKiK.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(5); 157-177
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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