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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Harmonising Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Central and Eastern Europe: The Effectiveness of Legal Transplants Through Consumer Collective Actions
    Autorzy:
    Cseres, Katalin J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530149.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    private enforcement of competition law
    collective actions
    consumer
    EU law
    Europeanization
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the manner of harmonizing private enforcement in the EU. The paper examines the legal rules and, more importantly, the actual enforcement practice of collective consumer actions in EU Member States situated in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Collective actions are the key method of getting compensation for consumers who have suffered harm as a result of an anti-competitive practice. Consumer compensation has always been the core justification for the European Commission’s policy of encouraging private enforcement of competition law. In those cases where collective redress is not available to consumers, or consumers cannot apply existing rules or are unwilling to do so, then both their right to an effective remedy and the public policy goal of private enforcement remain futile. Analyzing collective compensatory actions in CEE countries (CEECs) places the harmonization process in a broader governance framework, created during their EU accession, characterized by top-down law-making and strong EU conditionality. Analyzing collective consumer actions through this ‘Europeanization’ process, and the phenomenon of vertical legal transplants, raises major questions about the effectiveness of legal transplants vis-à-vis homegrown domestic law-making processes. It also poses the question how such legal rules may depend and interact with market, constitutional and institutional reforms.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(12); 33-60
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Civil Law Actions in the Context of Competition Restricting Practices under Polish Law
    Autorzy:
    Podrecki, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530377.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    private enforcement
    court proceedings
    damage actions
    private parties
    collective redress
    Opis:
    This paper’s aim is to describe the rules governing the assertion of civil law liability in the event of a competition law infringement. Given the planned adoption and implementation of a new EU legislative package concerning private enforcement, it is useful to determine what legal instruments and procedures are already available under Polish civil law that serve the protection of market players. This paper will specify the legal basis for the assertion of civil claims associated with competition law infringements and present its particularity. Considered will be the provisions of the Polish Civil Code as well as the provisions of the law on combating unfair competition and the law on unfair market practices. Discussed will be the full catalogue of civil law claims that can be asserted in relation to antitrust infringements as well as the specific purposes of civil law liability in this context. The paper will also assess the model of determining the effects of competition law violations and analyse whether private law principles for the calculation of loss can be applied in antitrust infringement cases. Finally, the paper will discuss the issue of settling the convergence of liability problem and the proposal concerning the introduction into the Polish legal system of class actions.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2009, 2(2); 77-98
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Individuals and the Enforcement of Competition Law – Recent Development of the Private Enforcement Doctrinein Polish and European Antitrust Law
    Autorzy:
    Gac, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530053.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    collective redress
    damages actions
    group litigation
    private enforcement
    public enforcement
    Opis:
    The following article focuses on the issue of private enforcement of competition law as one of the key elements of the current European and national debate on the efficiency of competition law. By analyzing this concept, the article aims to determine the influence of the European private enforcement model on the national competition law enforcement practice. The goal of the analysis is to answer two main questions: Does the current convergence of the national competition law enforcement system towards the European model guarantee the establishment of an effective, public-private system of antitrust enforcement? Under which conditions may the development of private methods of antitrust enforcement lead to an increase in the efficiency of Polish and European competition law? In order to address these questions, the article analyses the development of the private enforcement doctrine in the European Union and Poland. It refers to European and Polish jurisprudence on private enforcement, the competition policy of the European Commission as well as of the Polish competition authority – the UOKiK President. It also covers recent legislative changes introduced in the European and national legal orders. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the current convergence of the national antirust system towards the European model did not lead to the establishment of an effective mechanism of private enforcement in Poland. Nevertheless, the assessment of recent changes at the European level gives grounds to assume that the adoption of the Directive on Damages Actions, and its transposition into the national legal order, might overcome this problem and allow for better protection of individuals against anti-competitive behaviors.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(11); 53-82
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Compensatory Collective Redress: Will It Be Part of Private Enforcement of Competition Law in CEE Countries?
    Autorzy:
    Piszcz, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529959.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    compensatory collective redress
    private enforcement
    competition law
    opt-in model
    opt-out model
    mixed model
    group actions
    representative actions
    Opis:
    The article aims to compare and evaluate solutions with regard to compensatory collective redress existing in CEE countries. The author will attempt to illuminate obstacles and challenges to using collective redress as an avenue for antitrust enforcement in CEE countries, as well as possible advantages of the scrutinised legal frameworks. Besides focusing on national provisions, the article will draw on provisions of the Damages Directive and the Commission's Recommendation on collective redress mechanisms. It will open up the field for de lege ferenda proposals also.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 223-250
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Collective Proceedings for Damages in UK Competition Law Case Comment to the Judgment Merricks v Mastercard [2019] EWCA Civ 674
    Autorzy:
    McMahon, Kathryn
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159154.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    UK Competition Law
    EU Competition Law
    class actions
    collective
    proceedings
    certification stage
    damages
    Opis:
    Merricks v Mastercard [2019] is the first action under the newly developed ‘opt-out’ collective proceedings regime for aggregate damages under UK competition law to be considered by the UK Court of Appeal. It is significant for both the level of damages (£14 billion (€16 billion)) and the clarification of the legal test at the certification stage for the suitability for an aggregate award: the method for calculation of the aggregate damages and the sufficiency of evidence. The Court’s lowering of these thresholds importantly opens the door to future class actions and reasserts the importance of collective proceedings as a valuable means of redress for competition law infringements. The decision has now been appealed to the UK Supreme Court where these issues may be further clarified and resolved.
    Merricks v Mastercard [2019] est la première action examinée par la Cour d’appel du Royaume-Uni, dans le cadre du nouveau régime de procédure collective «opt-out» récemment mis au point en vertu du droit britannique de la concurrence. Cette action est importante tant pour le niveau des dommages (14 milliards de £; 16 milliards de €) que pour la clarification du test juridique au stade de la certification de l’aptitude à une indemnisation globale: la méthode de calcul du dommage et le caractère suffisant des preuves. L’abaissement de ces seuils par la Cour ouvre la voie à de futurs recours collectifs et réaffirme l’importance des procédures collectives en tant que moyen utile de réparation pour les infractions au droit de la concurrence. La décision a maintenant fait l’objet d’un appel devant la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni, où ces questions peuvent être clarifiées et résolues.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 20; 245-258
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Antitrust Private Enforcement – Case of Poland
    Autorzy:
    Jurkowska, Agata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    private and public enforcement
    private parties
    antitrust damages
    court proceedings
    collective redress
    damage actions
    Opis:
    This article presents the main difficulties surrounding private enforcement of antitrust law in Poland, currently the key implementation problem in the field of antitrust law. Whereas the basic standards concerning the public pillar of antitrust enforcement have already been established, either in the European Community (EC) or in its Member States, the private pillar of antitrust enforcement has not yet been fully developed. The fact that private enforcement of antitrust law is possible, and in fact equal, to public enforcement is not yet commonly recognized. In response to the European Commission’s White Paper on Damages actions for breach of the EC antitrust rules, private enforcement of antirust law is presently under intense discussion in EC Member States. This article should be considered as one of the contributions to this debate. It presents the main legal framework of private enforcement of antitrust law in Poland. In order to do so, it directly refers to the Polish Act on competition and consumer protection, the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Code. This article also discusses Polish case law in this area. It aims to assess whether existing Polish legal provisions are, in fact, sufficient to ensure effective private enforcement of Polish as well as EC antitrust law. The article refers to the main proposals of the European Commission’s White Paper. It is concluded that private enforcement of antitrust law is indeed possible in Poland on the basis of currently applicable procedural rules, even if there are no special instruments designed to facilitate it. However, it cannot be expect that in the current legal climate, private parties will eagerly and frequently apply for damages in cases of a breach of Polish antitrust law. Antitrust cases are special in many aspects and, thus, they require specific solutions in procedural terms. This article aims to pinpoint those areas, where the Polish law needs to be changed in order to develop and promote private enforcement of antitrust law in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2008, 1(1); 59-79
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Heading Towards an Effective Mechanism for the Protection of Collective Interests of Consumers – Some Comments on the Proposal for a Directive on Representative Actions
    Autorzy:
    Mucha, Jagna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159146.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    collective redress
    collective interests of consumers
    consumer law
    law
    enforcement
    class action
    representative actions
    directive 2009/22/EC
    Proposal
    for a Directive on the representative actions
    A New Deal for Consumers
    action
    for an injunction
    Opis:
    In April 2018, the European Commission introduced a long awaited Proposal for a Directive on represented actions, which aims to modernize the existing European collective redress system. The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether the solutions put forward in this Proposal will improve the landscape of collective redress in the EU. For this purpose, I analyse the existing model of collective consumer redress in the EU, as set forth by Directive 98/27/EC, Directive 2009/22/ EC and Recommendation 2013/396/EU; I also evaluate it from the perspective of its functionality with special consideration of key problematic issues. Against this background, I present the legal provisions put forward in the Proposal for a Directive on representative actions. The comparison of both legal structures makes it possible to give an answer to the question whether the proposed legislation can remedy the existing problems of the collective redress system and, thus, to answer the question whether it will contribute to strengthening the mechanism for the protection of collective consumer interests in the EU.
    La Commission européenne a présenté en avril 2018 une proposition de directive tant attendue sur les actions représentées, qui vise à moderniser le système européen de recours collectif en vigueur. L’objectif du présent article est de déterminer si les solutions proposées dans la proposition amélioreront le cadre des recours collectifs dans l’UE. A cette fin, l’article analyse le modèle existant de recours collectif des consommateurs dans l’UE, tel qu’il est défini par la directive 98/27/CE, la directive 2009/22/CE et la recommandation 2013/396/UE; il l’évalue également du point de vue de sa fonctionnalité en accordant une attention particulière aux questions problématiques essentielles. Dans ce contexte, l’article décrit les dispositions juridiques avancées dans la proposition de directive relative aux actions représentatives. La comparaison des deux structures juridiques permet de répondre à la question si la législation proposée peut remédier aux problems existants du système de recours collectif et, partant, si elle contribuera à renforcer le mécanisme de protection des intérêts collectifs des consommateurs dans l’UE.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 20; 205-230
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Still-unpopular Sanctions: Developments in Private Antitrust Enforcement in Poland After the 2008 White Paper
    Autorzy:
    Piszcz, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530310.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-11-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    private enforcement
    bipolar system of enforcement
    quantification of harm
    follow-on actions
    collective redress
    non-admission of evidence
    consultation document
    Opis:
    The European Commission published a White Paper on 2 April 2008 on damages actions for breach of EU antitrust rules. The content of the White Paper is since then being prepared to be converted into EU legislation on private antitrust enforcement. This paper presents the developments in private antitrust enforcement in Poland after 2 April 2008. It commences with an outline of EU actions in this field which act as an introduction to the more detailed analysis of recent jurisprudential and legislative developments in Poland. The latter part of the paper covers, in particular, the 2009 Act on the Pursuit of Claims in Group Proceedings and the 2011 Act Amending the Civil Procedure Code and Some Other Acts which abolishes all specific elements of commercial proceedings, including the statutory ‘non-admission of evidence’ principle. These two legal acts are assessed in order to establish whether their introduction is likely to help facilitate private antitrust enforcement in Poland and to consider to what an extent are these developments responding to the challenges outlined by the European Commission.
    Le 2 avril 2008 la Commission européenne a publié le Livre blanc sur les actions en dommages et intérêts pour infraction aux règles communautaires sur les ententes et les abus de position dominante. Le contenu du Livre blanc est dès lors en cours de préparation pour être converti en législation de l'UE sur l’application des règles de la concurrence par des particuliers. Cet article présente le dévelopement de l’application des règles de la concurrence par des particuliers en Pologne après le 2 avril 2008. Il commence par un aperçu des actions de l'UE dans ce domaine qui agit comme une introduction à l'analyse plus détaillée de la jurisprudence récente et les évolutions législatives en Pologne. Cette dernière partie du document porte, en particulier, sur la Loi de 2009 sur la poursuite des revendications dans les procédures collectives et la Loi 2011 modifiant le Code de procédure civile et certaines autres lois qui abolisent tous les éléments spécifiques de la procédure commerciale, y compris le principe de «non-admission de la preuve». Ces deux actes juridiques sont évaluées afin de déterminer si leur mise en place pourrait faciliter l’application des règles de la concurrence par des particuliers en Pologne et d'examiner à quel point ces développements répondent aux défis formulés par la Commission européenne.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2012, 5(7); 55-77
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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