Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "oxide" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 18
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposite Sulfonated PVDF Membrane
Autorzy:
Juliandri, Juliandri
Rukiah, Rukiah
Ernawati, E. E.
Silitonga, M. P. R.
Nasir, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1167197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
PVDF membrane
nanocomposites
silicon oxide
titanium oxide
Opis:
As a commercial fuel cell membrane, Nafion has disadvantages such as low stability at high temperature and low conductivity at low humidity. Sulfonated Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is known for good mechanical and thermal properties as a membrane. The purpose of this research is to synthesis a nanocomposite PVDF-TiSiO4 membrane as a potential replacement of Nafion. PVDF sulfonation was performed using concentrated sulfuric acid. The nanocomposites TiSiO4 were synthesized from TiCl4 and TEOS. Ultrasonification was used to insert the nanomaterial to the sulfonated membrane. The infrared spectra analysis shows the peak for the Ti-O-Si angel. SEM-EDX analysis shows that the nanocomposite PVDF-TiSiO4 membrane contents titanium oxide. The conductivity analysis shows the increasing of conductivity on addition of nanomaterials.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 105; 218-224
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nanocomposite Sulfonated PVDF-TiO2 Membranes as a Potential Alternative for Nafion
Autorzy:
Juliandri, Juliandri
Rukiah, Rukiah
Ernawati, E. E.
Handika, R. S.
Nasir, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1165508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
PVDF membrane
conductivity
nanocomposites
titanium oxide
Opis:
Fuel cell is an alternative renewable energy source which potentially able to replace a fossil fuel. Nowadays, common fuel cell membrane generally used is Nafion. PVDF polymer is another synthetic polymer which has excellent physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this research is to synthesize an alternative fuel cell membrane, using sulfonated PVDF doped with TiO2 nanoparticles. Sol-gel method was performed to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles, with TiCl4 as precursor. PVDF membranes with variation of TiO2 composition (0, 1, 1.5, and 2%) were prepared with ultrasonic method. The composite membranes then were sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid. The composite membranes were characterized with FTIR for functional group analysis, SEM-EDX for morphology analysis, acid-base titration for degree of sulfonation, weight difference for degree of water uptake, and four point lines for conductivity. FTIR spectra of the sulfonated membrane show the existence of sulfonic group at wavenumber of 601, 1400, and 1454 cm-1. The result of SEM-EDX analysis shows that the nanoparticles of TiO2 were not distributed homogenously. Degree of sulfonation of the PVDF-TiO2 2% composite membrane is 19.54%, and its water uptake is 23.34%. The highest conductivity is about 3.17 × 10-3 S cm-1 for the PVDF-TiO2 2% composite membrane that is very close to Nafion’s conductivity, 6.08 × 10-3 S cm-1.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 107; 150-159
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Review on Multi-dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
Autorzy:
Acharyya, Sarani
Acharyya, Swarnali
Samanta, Pijus Kanti
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031833.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Band-gap
Morphology
Semiconductor
Zinc Oxide
Opis:
Nanostructured materials are being widely investigated due to their versatile properties leading to promising applications in various areas starting from electronics to environment and medical science. Amongst the various investigated nanostructures, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is very important because of its versatile properties like high and direct band gap, optical transparency, room temperature ferromagnetism, piezoelectric property and gas sensing property. This mini review article is focused on the morphological study of various ZnO nanostructures starting from hierarchical nanostructures to quantum dots.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2020, 147; 140-165
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Annealing effect on nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method
Autorzy:
Kavitha, B.
Nirmala, M.
Pavithra, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1189956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Nickel Oxide nanoparticles
XRD
SEM
TGA-DTA
Opis:
NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by Sol-Gel method and the synthesized nanoparticles were annealed at different temperatures. The powders were investigated with x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and TGA. The structural characterization was carried out by x-ray diffraction which confirms the polycrystalline nature of the films with a cubic structure. SEM analysis of the films enabled the conclusion that the prepared films are uniform, rough, large crystals and agglomeration of particles were observed. The thermal stability of the sample was examined by TGA analysis which showed NiO nanoparticles formed between 130-720 C.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 52; 118-129
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biogenic production of zinc oxide nanoparticles from aqueous extracts of Duranta erecta L.
Autorzy:
Ravindran, C. P.
Manokari, M.
Shekhawat, Mahipal S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Bioreduction
Characterization
Duranta erecta
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Opis:
The present communication reports the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of leaves, stem, root, flowers and fruits of Duranta erecta L. This plant gains horticultural and medicinal importance due to its various biological activities. Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate [Zn (NO3)2•6H2O] solution was used as a precursor to synthesize Zinc oxide nanoparticles. The various plant (leaves, stem, roots, flowers, fruits) extracts played as reducing agents. The leaf extract showed strong absorbance peak at 302 nm, stem and flower peaks were located at 299 nm, roots at 293 nm and fruit extract solution peak observed at 317 nm.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 28; 18-28
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Copper (II) Oxide particles as Adsorbent for Removal of Alkali Blue; Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
Autorzy:
Ibrahim, M. A.
Ibrahim, M. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1158766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Adsorption
Copper (II) Oxide particles
FTIR
Isotherm
Kinetics
Opis:
Adsorption behaviour of copper (II) oxide particles (CuO-Ps) for the removal of Alkali Blue (AB) was studied. Different adsorption variables such as contact time, initial concentration and pH for the adsorption process were investigated by batch adsorption studies. FTIR was carried out to determine the functional groups present at the surface of the particle with functional groups such as –OH, C=C, C-H, C≡C detected. The percentage removal and optimum contact time for the removal of AB was 84.8% at 10 min. The experimental isotherms data were analyzed using Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms and it was observed that AB fits closely to Langmuir with R2 value of 0.884. Kinetics studies shows that the adsorption process fits better to pseudo-second order with the experimental values of qe 4.242 been closer to the calculated values of the qe 4.108. Effect of pH shows that it adsorb better at the initial pH of 5.30. Lower value of mean square energy of 0.707 kJ/mol indicates that the adsorption process is physical. The results indicated that copper (II) oxide particle can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of AB from aqueous solutions.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 114; 208-217
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biogenesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Extracts - A Green Approach
Autorzy:
Manokari, M.
Shekhawat, Mahipal S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Couroupita guianensis
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
aqueous extracts
characterization
Opis:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by the green synthesis methods using aqueous extracts of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. This is an eco-friendly, time conservative and cost effective way of nanoparticle production. The aqueous extracts of leaves, stem, flower petals and bark were used to synthesize the nanoparticles. Zinc Nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO3)2•6H2O) was used as a precursor material. The prepared Zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The wavelength specific UV-Vis absorption peaks for Zinc oxide nanoparticles were recorded between 290 nm to 302 nm which confirmed the presence of Zinc oxide in nano scale. The reaction mixture with aqueous extract of leaf showed maximum absorbance spectral peak at 302 nm, stem at 294 nm, flower petals at 292 nm and bark at 288 nm. This is the first report to explore the use of Couroupita guianensis for the biogenic production of Zinc oxide nanoparticles to meet the demand of the pharmaceutical, medicinal and environmental industries.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 29; 86-95
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ecofriendly synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles from asthma plant - Euphorbia hirta L.
Autorzy:
Manokari, M.
Shekhawat, Mahipal S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182444.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Absorption spectrum
Euphorbia hirta
Reaction mixtures
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Opis:
The present study states about the biosynthesis and UV-Visible characterization of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using leaf, stem, roots and inflorescence of the medicinal herb Euphorbia hirta. The aqueous extracts of plant parts were acted as capping and reducing agent while Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate used as precursor. One milliliter of plant extracts mediated the formation of ZnO nanoparticles in solution which were visually confirmed by the development of yellowish color in the reaction mixtures. The optical properties of the reaction mixtures were analyzed by the UV-Visible double beam spectrophotometer. The leaf reaction mixture showed strong absorption band at 302nm, stem reaction mixture at 299nm, and the root and inflorescence reaction mixtures at 310nm. The results indicate that whole Euphorbia hirta plant can be used for the biosynthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 69; 111-121
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Production of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of a medicinal plant Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth.
Autorzy:
Manokari, M.
Ravindran, C. P.
Shekhawat, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Bioreduction
Micrococca mercurialis
UV-Visible spectrophotometer
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Opis:
The synthesis of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using plant parts is always an attractive and eco-friendly method. The present study focuses on the production of ZnO nanoparticles from Zinc Nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO3)2•6H2O) using the aqueous extracts of a medicinal plant Micrococca mercurialis. The plant is found to be rich in primary and secondary metabolites such as proteins, steroids and alkaloids, which are responsible and enhancing the biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Leaves, stems, roots and fruits of M. mercurialis were used to prepare the aqueous extracts. The characterization and confirmation of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was performed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The reaction mixtures showed significant and sharp UV absorbance peaks at 305 nm, 299 nm, 311 nm and 302 nm corresponding to the aqueous extracts of leaf, stem, root and fruits reacted with zinc nitrate respectively. It has been proved that the medicinal plant M. mercurialis can be used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles and the biological method of synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles are safe and good alternative to the chemical and physical methods.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 30; 117-128
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesized and characterization of pure and Er+3 doped ZnO nanoparticles by using laser ablation in ethanol
Autorzy:
Ismail, Raid A.
Habubi, Nadir F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191374.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
AFM
Er doping
Heterojunction
XRD
Zinc Oxide
nanocollidal suspension
Opis:
Pulsed laser ablation in ethanol at room temperature with laser fluence 4.62 J/cm2 was employed to synthesize pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and Er- doped ZnO nanocolloidal suspension. The structural properties were determined by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) method and was confirmed its hexagonal wurtzite structure. The photoluminescence spectra (PL), AFM and FTIR measurement of the synthesized pure and Er-doped ZnO is carried out. The photoluminescence spectra measurements show that all the samples have ultraviolet emission and green emission and the surface granular morphology. The FTIR spectra indicate the existence of Zn-O, Er-O-Er and Er-O stretching modes. Al/ZnO/P-Si/Al and Al/Er-ZnO/P-Si/Al photodetectors hetrojunction has two peaks of response located at 650 nm for and 790 nm and the first peak shifted to 550nm for the doped hetrojunction with max sensitivity 0.7A/W. The maximum specific detectivity is 4.3×1012 W-1•cm•Hz-1 and 3×1012 W-1 •cm•Hz-1 for undoped and doped hetrojunctions respectively. The values of the built-in potentials 0.9 volt for Al/ZnO/P-Si/Al heterojunction and 0.6 volt for Al/Er-ZnO/P-Si/Al hetrojunction.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 33; 67-78
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles from Clitoria ternatea L. extracts: a green approach
Autorzy:
Manokari, M.
Shekhawat, Mahipal S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1189980.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Biogenesis
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Clitoria ternatea
UV-Visible characterization
Opis:
We report the development of green methods for synthesis of zinc oxide at nano scale. Biological systems are being explored for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The plant Clitoria ternatea contains alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, resins, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, kaempferol, clitorin, taraxerol, aparajitin, sistosterol, hexacosanal and anthoxanthin. The whole plant is traditionally used to treat leprosy, bronchitis, inflammation, leucoderma and tuberculosis. The present report describes the biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of leaves, stem, root, flowers and fruits of Clitoria ternatea. The aqueous reaction mixture of leaf, flower petals and roots showed strong broad UV spectral peak at 296 nm, stem at 293 nm and roots at 311 nm.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 52; 216-227
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis from Moringa oleifera Lam. Extracts and their characterization
Autorzy:
Manokari, M.
Shekhawat, Mahipal S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Moringa oleifera
UV-Visible spectroscopy
Reaction medium
Opis:
The enormous applications of metal nanoparticles urged to find new biologically hazard free methods for huge synthesis. The green synthesis approaches are acknowledged by many scientists due to its cost effective, simple, eco-friendly and resourceful move. The present investigation deals with the bio-production and characterization of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using leaf, stem, flowers and fruit pods of the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera. The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from the aqueous extracts were mediated by Zinc Nitate Hexahydrate as precursor. Various parameters like time periods, concentration of plant extracts and different temperatures were influenced the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The stability and reduction of zinc ions to ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis. The reaction medium from the leaves and flowers showed strong absorption at 308nm. The stem and fruit pods reaction medium existed absorption peak at 293nm.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 55; 252-262
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation on the structural, optical and topographical behavior of Cadmium oxide polycrystalline thin films using electrochemical depositing method at different times
Autorzy:
Abd, Ahmed N.
Dawood, Mohammed O.
Hassoni, Majid H.
Hussein, Ali A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Cadmium oxide
thin film
optical characteristics of film
electrochemical depositing method
Opis:
The optical and structure properties of Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin film prepared by electrochemical deposition method at different times (15, 30 and 60) min were investigated in this paper. Results of optical Transmission, absorption, reflection spectra, optical conductance, refractive index, extension coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric constants studies are reported. The optical transmittance of the CdO thin film which formed at room temperature was 20% at wavelength ≈350 nm then increases to 60% at wavelength ≈1100 nm for thin film of CdO. The band-gap was also calculated from the equation relating absorption coefficient with the wavelength. The energy band gap changes from 2.3eV (Bulk CdO) to 2.45eV (CdO thin film). The plotted graphs show the optical characteristics of the film which varied with the wavelength and the photon energy. The optical conductance and band-gap indicated that the film is transmitting within the visible range. The dielectric constant and optical conductance of the film initially decreases slowly with increase in photon energy. The extinction coefficient and refractive index of the films also evaluated, which affected with the change in transmittance. The structure of synthesised CdO thin film was analyzed by X-ray diffraction XRD which revealed that the CdO thin film are polycrystalline and have several peaks of cubic face structure. The crystallite size, dislocation density, microstrain and number of dislocations of the thin film were calculated and listed.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 37; 249-264
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some Physical Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Electrolysis Method
Autorzy:
Oudah, Mustafa H.
Mazin, H. Hasan
Abd, Ahmed N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
copper oxide
drop-casting method
electrolysis
quantum size effect
thin films
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to study the properties of copper oxide thin films prepared by electrolysis method and deposited on glass substrates by drop-casting method at different annealing temperatures. Copper oxide colloidal was successfully prepared by electrolysis method. The X-ray diffraction confirms the polycrystalline structure of the films. Atomic force microscopy shows that the increase in the annealing temperature improves the surface morphology, increases the grain size and removes the cracks. The best optical transmittance was for the film annealed at 200 ºC. The bandgap decreases from 3.35 eV to 3.15 eV as a result of increasing the annealing temperature. The wide bandgap that obtained in this study is due to quantum size effect.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 135; 59-70
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pulsed laser induced potassium oxide plasma analyzed by optical emission spectrum technique
Autorzy:
Khalaf, Madyan A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Laser - Induced Plasma (LIP)
Nd:YAG laser
Optical Emission Spectroscopic
potassium oxide plasma
Opis:
In this work, a spectroscopic research on laser-produced potassium oxide plasma using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technology is provided. Laser-induced K2O plasma produced at various laser energy has also been defined by visible emission spectroscopy. Plasma is created by a solid potassium oxide object radiated by a pulsed laser in a room environment. A Nd:YAG laser pulse 9 ns in duration with wavelength of (532) nm and a focal length of (10) cm in the range of energy (300-700) mJ is used to generate plasma from a planar K2O sample. The electron temperature (Te) was calculated in ratio line intensities method, while the electron density (ne) was calculated using Saha-Boltzmann equation, also another plasma parameters was calculated such as plasma (fp), Debye length (λD) and Debye number (ND). The increase in electron temperature and density was observed as a function of laser energies. Measurement of the production of the electron temperature in the rang (0.996-1.202) eV, While the electron density is in the rang (1.8×1016-8.8×1016) cm-3.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2021, 153, 2; 192-204
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 18

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies