Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "ships" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 80
Tytuł:
Cruise Ships Routing in Central Part of the Adriatic East Coast
Autorzy:
Dorigatti, J.
Lušić, Z.
Perić, T.
Jelić Mrčelić, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Adriatic Sea
eastern Adriatic
cruise ships
ships routing
cruise ships traffic
ships traffic
Safety at Sea
Opis:
Strong expansion of cruise ships traffic and cruising destinations in the Adriatic makes the region ideal for cruise ships routing analysis. The aim of this paper is to detect real cruise ships traffic movement in order to understand how present cruise ships routes are navigationally and environmentally sustainable and safe. Cruise ships characteristic operational demand and navigational routine in relation with regions indented coast line with high level of environmentally preserved areas in landscape of high national value, emphasise importance of real cruise ships routing awareness. The research is based on one year cruise ships traffic monitoring and routes analysis in the Central Adriatic East coast. The results offer detail insight of cruise ships navigational routines in navigationally less defined area that has not been frequent cruising region before. Cruise ships routes comparison is carried out between North Adriatic region, which is well defined with traffic separation schemes and navigational aids and less defined Central and South Adriatic regions. The results show that principle of cruise ships routing differ from standard maritime practice and that operational demand for attractive cruising and passenger experience bring cruise ships close to shores in various demanding navigational situations. That routing practice does not meet criteria of sustainability as it often present high navigational, safety and environmental risk.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 1; 161--166
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reducing a human factor in cruise ships accidents by Improving crew competences
Autorzy:
Gundić, A.
Vujičić, S.
Maglić, L.
Grbić, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
cruise and passanger ships
human factor
cruise ships
ships accidente
cruise ships accidents
improving crew competences
crew competences
STCW Convention
Opis:
In recent decades, there has been noticed a continuous growth of passengers on cruise ships. Technical as well as technological development follow this growth side to side as far as construction, transport of passengers and strict legal regulations are concerned. However, recent maritime accidents, such as the Costa Concordia’s accident, question the level of maritime safety on cruise ships. Maritime accidents on cruise ships are almost entirely linked to human factor, directly or indirectly. Apart from the parameters affecting human factor, the literature mentions very frequently the importance of education, training and crew competences in the process of reducing the number of maritime accidents. However, very few researches have been done on competences that can affect strongly the level of maritime safety on cruise ships, i.e., that can reduce the effects of human factor on it. The purpose of this study was to find a connection between reducing the effects of human factor on accidents and the crew competences on cruise ships. The research lasted for two years and consisted of two phases. Qualitative as well as quantitative methods of analysis were used in both phases. Competences that are the essential part of obligatory programmes the crew members on cruise ships have to master, and that are prescribed by the STCW Convention were analysed in the first part of the research. The second part of the research analysed competences that are essential part of programmes resulting from the cruise companies’ demands. Cruise companies have defined and determined additional programmes and competences that seafarers, navigating on their ships, have to complete and develop. The aim of the research was to determine what type of competences the cruise companies look for through additional education programmes and to determine the amount of time needed to develop them.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 2; 415-421
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Algorithms and calculation scheme for planning the way of movement of trajectory point during maneuvering for anchoring
Autorzy:
Surinov, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
algorithms for planning ships trajectories
planning the way of movement
algorithms
maneuvering for anchoring
route planning
ship’s trajectory planning
algorithms for ships trajectories
trajectory planning
Opis:
The analysis of the historical aspect of the development of the maneuvering during anchoring shows that during the movement there is no time to control the position by technical means, due to the speed of the process of changing the parameters of movement. The main purpose of this research is to modify the methodological basis for the preparation of flight planning during anchoring with increased accuracy to determine the coordinates along which the ship will move. The methodology of this work is based on the calculation of trajectory points of the path in combination with the method of segments on the map using the characteristics of the maneuverability of the vessel. The method is based on determining the coordinate matrices of rectilinear and curvilinear sections through which the vessel passes during maneuvering for anchoring. The calculation program is developed in Excel, and allows without the help of a micro calculator that takes into account the maneuverability of the vessel in the automatic system. Thus, the control of the center of gravity of the vessel relative to a given path line is performed. A high-precision system for automatic determination of planned coordinates by trajectory points on track and traffic control during anchoring has been developed, which is based on recently developed algorithms, calculation schemes and methods at the Maritime University, which are based on the latest meaningful models of high-precision planning movement on them. This approach automates the process of controlling safe traffic, including the use of decision support systems, including stranding prevention and collisions with other vessels. The results of the research can be used on a ship for automated planning of coordinates on waypoints and control of traffic on them for safe maneuvering, as well as for training navigators on specialized simulators to perform trajectory planning, including limited conditions.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 629--638
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stockholm agreement analysis for Ro-Ro passenger ships Navigating in the North European Waters and the Baltic Sea
Autorzy:
Szymoński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Stockholm agreement
Ro-Ro Passenger Ships
passenger ships
North European Waters
Baltic Sea
deadweight
metacentric height
Opis:
This paper is an extension of work originally presented in 2019 EUROPEAN NAVIGATION CONFERENCE (ENC) [4]. The paper has described the important role of the Stockholm Agreement in safety of the Ro-Ro/Passenger ships in the north European waters. The present work describes the way in which we can improve the safety in strong chance of destruction of ship at sea. All results are generalized for a given group of ships. The specific construction of the RO-RO/ Passenger ships, being characterized by flat vehicle decks which are practically open, un-subdivided, and additional passenger accommodation space, with ramp fitted astern and in some cases in fore or side of the ship, giving access to cars, trucks and trailers, or specific trains which remain on board in their laden state, has resulted in international regulation requiring, amongst other things, strengthening the damage stability requirements for this type of ships. The more stringent damage stability criteria has been adopted on a regional basis by northern European countries as STOCKHOLM Agreement, in 1996. The paper concerns an analyze of damage stability calculations results in compliance with the STOCKHOLM Agreement, when the Ro-Ro/ Passenger ship is fully loaded, with maximum Deadweight (DWT) and maximum draught, or partly loaded, with reduced DWT, and occurs Minor or Major penetration of destroyed compartments.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 2; 427-435
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Correlation between the Ship Grounding Accident and the Ship Traffic – A Case Study Based on the Statistics of the Gulf of Finland
Autorzy:
Mazaheri, A.
Montewka, J.
Kujala, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116685.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
marine traffic
Ships Accident Statistic
marine accidents
Opis:
Ship traffic is one of the factors that is presented in almost all of the existing grounding models, and is considered as one of the affecting factors on the likelihood of grounding accident. This effect in grounding accident is mostly accepted by the experts as a common sense or simply by just generalizing the ship‐ship collision cases to grounding accidents. There is no available research on the actual causal link between the ship traffic and grounding accident in the literature. In this paper, authors have utilized the statistical analysis on historical grounding accident data in the Gulf of Finland between the years 1989 and 2010 and the AIS data of the same area in year 2010, as the source of ship traffic data, to investigate the possible existence of any correlation between the ship traffic and the grounding accident. The results show that for the studied area (Gulf of Finland) there is no correlation between the traffic density and the grounding accident. However, the possibility of the existence of minor relation between the traffic distribution and grounding accident is shown by the result. This finding, however, needs further investigation for more clarification.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 1; 119-124
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A tale of two disruptive maritime technologies: nuclear propulsion and autonomy
Autorzy:
Wróbel, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
marine technology
nuclear propulsion
autonomy
nuclear-powered merchant ships
autonomous merchant ships
economical feasibility
legal aspects
safety at sea
Opis:
Modern industries often attempt to implement innovations that have a disruptive potential. In shipping, this included a largely unsuccessful introduction of nuclear propulsion in late 20th century, among other concepts. Nowadays, introduction of increased autonomy is being associated with prospects of various industry-wide benefits, but is also burdened with serious obstacles. The objective of this study is to investigate reasons behind the failure of nuclear-powered merchant ships introduction and whether lessons learnt from it can be applied to the prospective implementation of autonomous merchant ships. It advocates that three aspects of maritime technology are crucial for its successful implementation: perceived level of safety, economical feasibility, and legal setup.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 4; 733--741
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on Ships Safety Control System
Autorzy:
Han, X. J.
Meng, X. Y.
Wang, Z. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Safety of Navigation
ships safety
Control System
Ships Safety Control System
Ship Accidents
Human Factor
Control Strategy
Accident Precaution
Opis:
The proportion of main reasons of ships accidents to the whole reasons is discussed in the paper. Among these reasons, human factors are in the majority. So a method to prevent wrong orders sent by a navigator is laid emphasis on. On the basis of this, a ships safety control system is studied. The construction and control principle of the ships safety control system, as well as control strategy, implementation method and key technology are elaborated in the paper.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2009, 3, 1; 19-22
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Accuracy evaluation of Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax ships arrival to the ports
Autorzy:
Paulauskas, V.
Paulauskas, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
port practices
Ro-Ro Ships
Ro-Pax Ships
ship arrival
accuracy evaluation
shipping lines
shipping companies
arrival to the ports
Opis:
Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax ships works on basis of regular schedule and try keep this schedule as accurate as possible. In same time difficulties during Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax ships voyages like bad weather conditions, waiting time to entry in to port, ship's failures and others, sometime request more time as it was planned initially. Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax ships arrivals in to port evaluation is important not only just for the Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax shipping lines planning but as well it is very important for passengers, transport units (trucks) and port terminals. In this Article are analyzed delay times of Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax ships arrival to port on basis of statistical data and used mathematical models for calculation of the arrival time pass.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 397-399
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Marine Traffic Flow Model
Autorzy:
Yip, T.L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
marine traffic
traffic flow of ships
collision avoidance system
Opis:
A model is developed for studying marine traffic flow through classical traffic flow theories, which can provide us with a better understanding of the phenomenon of traffic flow of ships. On one hand, marine traffic has its special features and is fundamentally different from highway, air and pedestrian traffic. The existing traffic models cannot be simply extended to marine traffic without addressing marine traffic features. On the other hand, existing literature on marine traffic focuses on one ship or two ships but does not address the issues in marine traffic flow.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 1; 109-113
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on radiation characteristics of plasma Yagi antenna based on AIS base station in ships’ routeing waters
Autorzy:
Sun, Y.
Chen, Y.
Kong, F.
Wei, Y.
Zhan, F.
Zhao, J. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
radio navigation
radiation characteristics
plasma Yagi antenna
ships routeing
AIS base station
AIS based shipping routes
ships routeing waters
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
Opis:
A Yagi plasma antenna model was established by HFSS according to the relationship between plasma dielectric constant and electron density. The patterns were simulated by changing plasma parameters and the number of director dipoles. Results show that when the passive vibrators were switched off, the antenna is omnidirectional antenna. The directionality increases with the increase of the number of passive dipole and the main lobe of which narrows down. Then the plasma Yagi antenna model is established by plasma tube, the gain changed by changing the number of passive dipoles, so the plasma Yagi antenna has a very good reconfigurability. Results prove that the feasibility of the plasma Yagi antenna can be used on AIS base station of Ships’ Routeing waters. It can promote the communication and capability of maritime supervision in Ships’ Routeing waters.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 1; 179-184
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multi-criteria ACO-based algorithm for ship’s trajectory planning
Autorzy:
Lazarowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
colregs
ships manoeuvering
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
ship’s trajectory planning
route planning
multi-criteria ACO-based algorithm
guidance
navigation and control (GNC)
ARPA
Opis:
The paper presents a new approach for solving a path planning problem for ships in the environment with static and dynamic obstacles. The algorithm utilizes a heuristic method, classified to the group of Swarm Intelligence approaches, called the Ant Colony Optimization. The method is inspired by a collective behaviour of ant colonies. A group of agents - artificial ants searches through the solution space in order to find a safe, optimal trajectory for a ship. The problem is considered as a multi-criteria optimization task. The criteria taken into account during problem solving are: path safety, path length, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) compliance and path smoothness. The paper includes the description of the new multi-criteria ACO-based algorithm along with the presentation and discussion of simulation tests results.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2017, 11, 1; 31-36
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intelligent autonomous ship navigation using multi-sensor modalities
Autorzy:
Wright, R.G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS)
artificial intelligence (AI)
intelligent autonomous ship navigation
autonomous ship
autonomous ships navigation
multiSensor modalities
unmanned ship
maritime domain awareness (MDA)
Opis:
This paper explores the use of machine learning and deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) techniques as a means to integrate multiple sensor modalities into a cohesive approach to navigation for autonomous ships. Considered is the case of a fully autonomous ship capable of making decisions and determining actions by itself without active supervision on the part of onboard crew or remote human operators. These techniques, when combined with advanced sensor capabilities, have been touted as a means to overcome existing technical and human limitations as unmanned and autonomous ships become operational presently and in upcoming years. Promises of the extraordinary capabilities of these technologies that may even exceed those of crewmembers for decision making under comparable conditions must be tempered with realistic expectations as to their ultimate technical potential, their use in the maritime domain, vulnerabilities that may preclude their safe operation; and methods for development, integration and test. The results of research performed by the author in specific applications of machine learning and AI to shipping are presented citing key factors that must be achieved for certification of these technologies as being suitable for their intended purpose. Recommendations are made for strategies to surmount present limitations in the development, evaluation and deployment of intelligent maritime systems that may accommodate future technological advances. Lessons learned that may be applied to improve safety of navigation for conventional shipping are also provided.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 3; 503-510
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ship Behavior Analysis for Real Operating of Container Ships Using AIS Data
Autorzy:
Gao, X.
Makino, H.
Furusho, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116131.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS Data
Container Ship
Real Operating of Container Ships
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to understand the real activity and operating situation of container ships in order to improve navigation efficiency. The study focused on the navigation for an entire ship voyage to understand the real activity of container ships using the historical ship navigation based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, which is possible so as to unveil the characteristics of real ship activity. The analysis considers ship voyages in the Seto Inland Sea and its oceanic waters, which are the primary traffic routes for container transportation particularly for China, Japan, and South Korea. The results of this study can be used to improve the efficiency of container ships and develop a smoother maritime transportation.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 2; 213-220
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Limitation for Inland Ships in the Area of Planned Multimodal Port on Vistula River
Autorzy:
Schoeneich, M.
Habel, M.
Szatten, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Inland Shipping
multimodal port
Vistula River
Inland Ships
multimodal platform
Bydgoszcz
risk analysis
location study
Opis:
Location study for the investment project entitled Multimodal Platform considering the area of the city of Bydgoszcz and commune of Solec Kujawski last year was published. The examples of existent multimodal ports in Europe show a growing demand for goods transport by the inland waterways. On the basis of the Multimodal Port, it is planned to export cargo from the ports in Gdansk and Gdynia. So, on the Vistula's waterway between Gdansk and Bydgoszcz is the basic rule for navigators is to keep safety distance to the river bottom and on the other hand, to bridge structures. The paper presents limitation for inland ships in the area of planned multimodal port near Bydgoszcz. The analysis of navigation conditions was carried out using probabilistic model of underkeel clearance to verify typical inland vessel traffic on planned port approach. Results of this analysis can be used for further research connected with minimal safety depth determination and risk analysis in study area.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 3; 551-555
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Verification of a deterministic ships safe trajectory planning algorithm from different ships’ perspectives and with changing strategies of target ships
Autorzy:
Lazarowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
safe ship's trajectory
ship's trajectory
collision avoidance module
autonomous navigation system
maritime autonomous surface ships
Opis:
The paper presents results of a ship's safe trajectory planning method verification - the Trajectory Base Algorithm, which is a deterministic approach for real-time path-planning with collision avoidance. The paper presents results of the algorithm’s verification from different ships’ perspectives and with changing strategies of target ships. Results prove the applicability of the algorithm in the Collision Avoidance Module of the Autonomous Navigation System for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 623--628
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 80

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies