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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Hydrogen peroxide induced by the fungicide prothioconazole triggers deoxynivalenol (DON) production by Fusarium graminearum.
    Autorzy:
    Audenaert, Kris
    Callewaert, Elien
    Höfte, Monica
    De Saeger, Sarah
    Haesaert, Geert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199594.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-21
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    fungicide
    oxidative stress
    deoxynivalenol production
    Fusarium graminearum
    Opis:
    Fusarium head blight is a very important disease of small grain cereals with F. graminearum as one of the most important causal agents. It not only causes reduction in yield and quality but from a human and animal healthcare point of view, it produces mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) which can accumulate to toxic levels. Little is known about external triggers influencing DON production. In the present work, a combined in vivo/in vitro approach was used to test the effect of sub lethal fungicide treatments on DON production. Using a dilution series of prothioconazole, azoxystrobin and prothioconazole + fluoxastrobin, we demonstrated that sub lethal doses of prothioconazole coincide with an increase in DON production 48 h after fungicide treatment. In an artificial infection trial using wheat plants, the in vitro results of increased DON levels upon sub lethal prothioconazole application were confirmed illustrating the significance of these results from a practical point of view. In addition, further in vitro experiments revealed a timely hyperinduction of H2O2 production as fast as 4h after amending cultures with prothioconazole. When applying H2O2 directly to germinating conidia, a similar induction of DON-production by F. graminearum was observed. The effect of sub lethal prothioconazole concentrations on DON production completely disappeared when applying catalase together with the fungicide. These cumulative results suggest that H2O2 induced by sub lethal doses of the triazole fungicide prothioconazole acts as a trigger of DON biosynthesis. In a broader framework, this work clearly shows that DON production by the plant pathogen F. graminearum is the result of the interaction of fungal genomics and external environmental triggers.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 63; 3-22
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fusarium mycotoxins and human health. Review.
    Autorzy:
    Shephard, Gordon S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199623.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    cancer
    deoxynivalenol
    Fumonisin
    T-2 toxin
    trichothecenes zearalenone
    Opis:
    Species within the genus Fusarium produce a diverse range of mycotoxins, many of which have signifi- cant impacts on human health. Of the five generally recognised major mycotoxins, three (fumonisins, de- oxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON)) are produced by Fusaria. Apart from DON, other trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin, have received considerable international attention due to their impact on human health. The fumonisins, which occur ubiquitously in maize and its products, have been linked to oesophageal cancer, liver cancer and neural tube defects. DON, a frequent contaminant of maize, wheat and their products, although showing no carcinogenic potential, is immunomodulatory and produces emesis and growth retardation in animals. ZON is a naturally occurring endocrine disrupting chemical. Acute exposure to these mycotoxins has in each case been linked to outbreaks of human disease – gastro-intestinal effects in the case of fumonisins and DON, and precocious pubertal changes in the case of ZON. Concern over their toxicological effects has led to risk assessments by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), which has set maximum tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of 2 µg/ kg body weight (bw) for fumonisins and 0.5 µg/kg bw for ZON. The initial TDI set for DON, namely 1 µg/kg bw has recently been updated by JECFA to include both 3- and 15-acetylDON. Apart from the above mycotoxins, a number of other secondary metabolites (moniliformin, beauvericin and fusaproliferin) are produced by different Fusaria and their effects on human health, either alone or in combination with other mycotoxins, is largely unexplored.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 64; 113-122
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Natural Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oil Crop Seed
    Autorzy:
    Mankeviciene, Audrone
    Suproniene, Skaidre
    Brazauskiene, Irena
    Gruzdeviene, Elvyra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-06-21
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    deoxynivalenol
    Fusarium spp.
    linseed
    rapeseed
    T-2 toxin
    zearalenone
    Opis:
    Oilseeds are a perfect medium for microfungi spread and mycotoxin production. With increasing demand for oil crop produce such research has gained a special relevance since research evidence on this issue is scarce. During 2007-2009, prevalent fungi genera, including Fusarium genus, potential producer of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin (T-2) etc. were determined in our tests. The ELISA immunoenzymatic method and Veratox Fast kits were used to identify and quantify mycotoxins, while Fusarium fungi species were identified using conventional fungi determination techniques. Higher Fusarium fungi contamination level was found on linseed compared with that on spring or winter rapeseed. The difference was even more obvious in different experimental years, however, having identified Fusarium species, F. avenaceum and F. oxysporum were found to be prevalent in the seed of all crop species tested. In 2009, spring rape samples were found to contain F. dimerum which is a significant human pathogen.The presence of DON was identified in 18.2-100%, ZEA in 40 -100%, and T-2 toxin in 100% of seed samples of all oil crop species tested. From the food safety viewpoint, the concentrations determined did not exceed the levels hazardous for health, laid out in the EU regulations, however, the effect of low toxin concentrations is slow and the negative consequences manifest themselves only after some time and in various forms, which poses a serious health risk for humans and animals.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 63; 109-116
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cloning and heterologous expression of candidate DON-inactivating UDP-glucosyltranferases from rice and wheat in yeast.
    Autorzy:
    Schweiger, Wolfgang
    Steiner, Barbara
    Limmongkon, Apinun
    Brunner, Kurt
    Lemmens, Marc
    Berthiller, Franz
    Bürstmayr, Hermann
    Adam, Gerhard
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199622.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    deoxynivalenol
    Fusarium graminearum
    phase II detoxification
    rice
    UDP-glucosyltranferase
    wheat
    Opis:
    Fusarium graminearum and related species causing Fusarium head blight of cereals and ear rot of maize produce the trichothecene toxin and virulence factor deoxynivalenol (DON). Plants can detoxify DON to a variable extent into deoxynivalenol-3-O-glucoside (D3G). We have previously reported the DON inactivat- ing glucosyltransferase (UGT) AtUGT73C5 from Arabidopsis thaliana (Poppenberger et al, 2003). Our goal was to identify UGT genes from monocotyledonous crop plants with this enzymatic activity. The two selected rice candidate genes with the highest sequence similarity with AtUGT73C5 were expressed in a toxin sensitive yeast strain but failed to protect against DON. A full length cDNA clone corresponding to a transcript derived fragment (TDF108) from wheat, which was reported to be specifically expressed in wheat genotypes contain- ing the quantitative trait locus Qfhs.ndsu-3BS for Fusarium spreading resistance (Steiner et al, 2009) was reconstructed. Only cDNAs with a few sequence deviations from TF108 could be cloned. However, toxin sensitive yeast strains expressing this wheat UGT cDNA did not show a resistant phenotype. The main diffi- culty in generating full length cDNAs for functional validation by heterologous expression in yeast is the enormous number of the UGT superfamily members in plants, with 107 UGT genes plus some pseudogenes in Arabidopsis thaliana and about 150 putative UGT genes in grasses. We conclude that neither sequence simi- larity nor inducibility are good predictors of substrate specificity.  
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 64; 105-112
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Infection Process and Mycotoxin Production in Fusarium Culmorum-infected Maize Ears
    Autorzy:
    Oldenburg, Elisabeth
    Ellner, Frank
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199599.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-06-21
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    Acetyl-deoxynivaleno
    deoxynivalenol
    kernels
    nivalenol
    pathogenesis
    rachis
    red ear rot
    zearalenone
    Opis:
    Red ear rot of maize is an important disease in Europe caused by toxigenic Fusarium species like F.  graminearum and F. culmorum. To get detailed information about the pathogenesis of the disease and the  Fusarium toxin production in infected ears a field study was conducted with maize which was artificially  inoculated with F. culmorum at the stage of female flowering. Every fortnight after inoculation, maize ears of  two varieties were harvested and analysed for the progress of visual signs of the disease and related Fusarium  toxin contamination. During the last harvest in mid October, external infection symptoms showing some small  pale or brown-marbled kernels with dark brown rachillae were only observed at the ear tip, whereas internal  symptoms visible within the rachis were much more pronounced and showed greyish –brownish or pink discolouration of the pith. The symptoms observed in rachis and kernels corresponded with the toxin contamination showing considerably higher concentrations in the rachis compared to the kernels and a top-down gradient from high to low toxin levels within the ear. This suggests that F. culmorum first infects the rachis from  the tip towards the bottom, as it subsequently does the kernels via the rachillae connected to the rachis. As  infection symptoms and mycotoxin production were much more pronounced in the rachis than in the kernels, red ear rot evaluation should be improved by observing signs of the disease in both kernels and the rachis.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 63; 59-66
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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