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Tytuł:
Worldwide developments in the field of radiation processing of materials in the down of 21st century
Autorzy:
Chmielewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ionizing radiation
polymers
nanomaterials
Opis:
Developments regarding the radiation processing of materials are discussed in the paper. Radiation sources are briefly listed, showing recent achievements in the field. The main group of materials modified by radiation are synthetic polymers and rubber. Other applications are irradiation of semiconductors and gemstone colorization. New, growing fields of application are processing of natural polymers and nanomaterials.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51,suppl.1; 3-9
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘Zero energy’ electron beam technology for sludge hygienization
Autorzy:
Chmielewski, Andrzej G.
Sudlitz, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
biogas
sewage sludge
ionizing radiation
hygienization
Opis:
Large quantity of sewage sludge originating from wastewater treatment plants is becoming a growing problem from environmental and human health points of view. One of the ways to use sewage sludge is agricultural purpose due to its nutrients and organic matter content, but the condition is that it should be deprived of pathogenic bacteria and parasite egg contamination. Application of ionizing radiation to hygienize sewage sludge can make it appropriate for agricultural use. The process does not require addition of chemicals to sludge; it is environmentally friendly and effective in removal of biological threats. In the past, successful attempts of sewage sludge treatment using ionizing radiation were made. Pilot plants and commercial ones proved that pathogens can be easily removed from sewage sludge by ionizing radiation. The concept of ‘zero energy’ biogas plant is based on the construction of a complex system consisting of biogas plant and electron accelerator in the biofertilizer manufacturing line. Digestate originating from the methane fermentation of sewage sludge is irradiated to remove all pathogens using electron beam from an accelerator powered by electric energy obtained from burning biogas in a cogenerator. The product is a high-quality, biologically safe fertilizer.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2019, 64, 2; 55-63
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pro-angiogenic effects of X-rays on murine endothelial cells
Autorzy:
Lisiak, E.
Dziekiewicz, M.
Meineke, V.
Bilski, M.
Janiak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
angiogenesis
ionizing radiation
cell adhesion
integrins
Opis:
Recently, significant attention has been paid to the possibility of thwarting cancer progression by inhibition of neoangiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) in growing tumors. Although general mechanisms of angiogenesis have been elucidated, virtually nothing is known about the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation on pro-angiogenic properties of endothelial cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a low (0.2 Gy), intermediate (1 Gy), and high (4 Gy) doses of X-rays on a few angiogenesis-related parameters of isolated murine endothelial cells. We show here that 24 to 48 hours after irradiation with 0.2 Gy the cell proliferation was inhibited to a similar extent as after the exposure to 1 Gy. Also, adhesion of the 0.2 Gy-irradiated cells to both gelatin and MatrigelŽ was inhibited 24 hours post-exposure, whereas irradiation with 1 or 4 Gy resulted in the increased adhesion of the cells to these substrata. Similar effects were observed during the "wound" migration assay. Finally, 24 hours after exposure of the cells to 0.2 Gy of X-rays, the surface expression of the â3 integrin subunit was down-regulated, whereas irradiations with 1 and 4 Gy of X-rays resulted in the significantly elevated expression of this subunit. These results indicate that proliferating endothelial cells are sensitive in vitro to relatively low doses of ionizing radiation
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2005, 50,suppl.2; 17-20
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radiation effects on vitamin A and ßeta-carotene contents in liver products
Autorzy:
Taipina, M.
del Mastro, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
vitamin A
ßeta-carotene
ionizing radiation
Opis:
he movement toward commercialization of the process and the recent actions of various governmental agencies to accept irradiated foods as wholesome, even when high doses are applied has stimulated increased interest in this treatment. Concern for the fate of vitamins when foods are irradiated is almost entirely centered on maintenance of their biological function as essential nutrients. The aim of this work was to assess the effects of ionizing radiation on vitamin A and ßeta-carotene contents in commercialized food products of animal origin, specifically fresh bovine liver and pork pâté de foie. As present Brazilian legislation has no restriction of dose limits to be applied on foods, the 60Co gamma irradiation doses for these experiments were 3 kGy and 30 kGy. The results show a full retention of vitamin content when the applied dose was 3 kGy and a loss of about 60% when the dose was 30 kGy. When applying high doses, it would be necessary to consider this content reduction and proceed to a vitamin supplement when necessary.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48, 1; 9-11
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on biological activity of chitosan after radiation processing
Autorzy:
Gryczka, U.
Gawrońska, A.
Migdał, W
Gawroński, S. W.
Chmielewski, A. G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
chitosan
biostimulators
ionizing radiation
willow
biomass
Opis:
In recent years there is a trend in industry to limit the usage of chemical compounds. Natural polymers are new promising materials that possess important properties like biodegrability or lack of toxicity. Radiation processing of natural occurring polymers is an area of current research for development of new applications. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of ionizing radiation modification on bioactivity of a natural polysaccharide. Chitosan with different molecular weights was investigated as a biostimulator – a biologically active substance that stimulates some growth processes in plants. Chitosan in solid state was irradiated with electron beam from an electron beam accelerator Elektronika 10-10 with a dose range from 50 to 300 kGy. The effects of irradiation on the molecular weight of chitosan were investigated by viscosity and GPC measurements. Non-irradiated and irradiated chitosan at concentrations 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 g/dm3 were used for greenhouse tests of its activity for growth promotion of Salix viminalis L. var. gigantea plant. Uniform rooted cuttings (20 per combination) were selected for the test and cultivated in aerated hydroponics culture containing Hoagland’s nutrient solutions plus respective amounts of chitosan. After six weeks of plant exposure to chitosan, data of selected parameters of plant growth were collected. In most cases, except the highest concentration, both forms of chitosan had stimulatory effect on leaf area, length of roots and of newly developed shoots. Also fresh and dry weights of these organs were greater in chitosan treated plants. The highest concentration of chitosan was stimulatory only for a number of roots and newly developed shoots while for other parameters was inhibitory. In comparable concentrations the stimulatory effect was greater for chitosan irradiated in comparison with the non-irradiated one.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 73-76
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of irradiated biodegradable blends by FTIR and wide-angle X-ray diffraction
Autorzy:
Kodama, Y.
Machado, L. D. B.
Giovedi, C.
de Lima, N. B.
Nakayama, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148030.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
WAXD
FTIR
PLLA
PCL
ionizing radiation
Opis:
In the present work, twin screw extruded films of PLLA and PCL biodegradable homopolymers and 50:50 (w:w) blend were irradiated with gamma rays from Co-60 and electron beam at doses in the range of 50 to 500 kGy in order to evaluate the effect of irradiations on homopolymers and blend. The FTIR results have shown that this technique was neither sensitive enough to observe the degradation promoted by ionizing radiation of studied homopolymers and blends and, nor on the miscibility of the blends. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) of PCL samples, non-irradiated and irradiated showed two strongest reflections at angles 2theta = 21.4 degrees centigrade and 2theta = 23.7 degrees centigrade that have been attributed in the literature to the (110) and (200) reflections, respectively. As for extruded non-irradiated and irradiated PLLA, it was observed broad diffusion peaks corresponding to an amorphous polymer. PLLA annealed samples showed reflections at angles 2theta =16.4 degrees centigrade and 2theta =18.7 degrees centigrade previously attributed in the literature to distorted 103 (alfa-form) helices. It was possible to observe slight alteration of the crystallite size of all irradiated samples of PCL in the dose range studied.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2009, 54, 2; 107-113
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The importance of the nuclear and cytoplasmic signalling in the cellular response to ionizing radiation
Autorzy:
Szumiel, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
cellular signalling pathways
ionizing radiation
radiation sensitivity
Opis:
DNA is the universal primary target for ionizing radiation; however, the cellular response is highly diversified not only by differential DNA repair ability. The monitoring system for the ionizing radiation-inflicted DNA damage consists of 3 apparently independently acting enzymes which are activated by DNA breaks: two protein kinases, Atm (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase) and a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, PARP-1. These 3 enzymes are the source of alarm signals, which affect to various extents DNA repair, progression through the cell cycle and eventually the pathway to cell death. Their functions probably are partly over-lapping. On the side of DNA repair their role consists in recruiting and/or activating the repair enzymes, as well as preventing illegitimate recombination of the damaged sites. A large part of the nuclear signalling pathway, including the integrating role of Tp53 has been revealed. Two main signalling pathways start at the plasma membrane: the MAPK/ERK (mitogen and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase family) "survival pathway" and the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase) "cell death pathway". The balance between them is likely to determine the cell’s fate. When DNA break rejoining is impaired, the cell is unconditionally radiation sensitive. The fate of a repair-competent cell is determined by the time factor: the cell cycle arrest should be long enough to ensure the completion of repair. Incomplete repair or misrepair may be tolerated, when generation of the death signal is prevented. So, the character and timing of the signals are, to a large part, responsible for the cellular intrinsic radiation sensitivity and depend on the characteristics of the cellular signalling web.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2000, 45, 4; 215-220
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of ionizing radiation on the properties of a hydrobiodegradable aliphatic - aromatic copolyester
Autorzy:
Kubera, H.
Melski, K.
Assman, K.
Głuszewski, W.
Migdał, W.
Zimek, Z.
Czaja-Jagielska, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
aliphatic-aromatic copolyester
biodegradable polymer
ionizing radiation
Opis:
This paper presents the results of the studies on changes of selected quality parameters of hydrobiodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester (AAC). Radiation treatment was performed at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, using cobalt gamma-ray sources "Issledovatel" (dose rate 0.389 Gy/h) and "GC 5000" (8.5 Gy/h). The material was subjected to the impact of radiation doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 kGy. Selected parameters of the packaging material, important from the standpoint of a potential application, have been studied: gaseous products of radiolysis, strength parameters in accordance with PN EN ISO 527-3, global migration PN-EN-1186-1:2002, FT-IR analysis using PCA method, contact angle measurement using the drop shape method. The results have demonstrated that there is no significant influence of ionizing radiation on AAC film parameters. Correlation between doses applied and values of measurements has not been found.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 621-626
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genotoxic effects of 60Co gamma-rays on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
Autorzy:
Dicu, T.
Brie, I.
Virag, P.
Fischer, E.
Perde, M.
Foriş, V.
Cernea, V.
Cosma, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
cellular radiosensitivity
genotoxic effects
ionizing radiation
comet assay
Opis:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cellular radiosensitivity and radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cell survival after irradiation was assessed using the clonogenic assay. The initial, radio-induced and residual DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exposed to 60Co gamma-rays were determined using the alkaline comet assay. A linear-quadratic (LQ) survival curve was observed in CHO line. Data obtained by comet assay demonstrated a linear dose-response correlation in the range of tested doses (0.3-4 Gy). The process of DNA repair was modeled by exponential equation. In addition, we found a good correlation (R2 = 0.995) between clonogenic cell survival and radio-induced DNA damage.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, 4; 161-165
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Search of radiation hormesis in plants : irradiation of the cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
Autorzy:
Fornalski, K. W.
Adamowski, Ł.
Turowski, T. W.
Wojnarowicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
cress
hormesis
ionizing radiation
Lepidium sativum L.
low dose
Opis:
The paper is composed of two parts : a review of a group of experiments among irradiated plants and own search for radiation hormesis in a single experiment. In the first part the Bayesian analysis of the hormetic-like data published so far shows that the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) point, above which adverse effects appear, may be located between 30 and 100 Gy. In the second part the influence of low doses of ionizing radiation was tested on the particularly fast growing plant, namely the cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Two experimental scenarios were used : in the first one the cress was irradiated during the growth (maximal dose 2.3 Gy), while in the second scenario dry seeds were irradiated (maximal dose 100 Gy). The experiment indicates that the NOAEL point lies above 100 Gy and statistically insignificant hormetic effect can be seen between 0.1 and 14 Gy. No linear reaction is observed in the full range of doses.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 3; 421-426
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The rapid interphase chromosome assay (RICA) implementation : comparison with other PCC methods
Autorzy:
Sommer, S.
Buraczewska, I.
Sikorska, K.
Bartłomiejczyk, T.
Szumiel, I.
Kruszewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
biodosimetry
ionizing radiation
premature chromosome condensation (PCC)
human lymphocytes
Opis:
A report is presented on the advantages of the rapid interphase chromosome assay (RICA) and the difficulties that may be met while implementing this method for application in biological dosimetry. The RICA test can be applied on unstimulated human lymphocytes; this is an advantage in comparison with the dicentric chromosomes or micronucleus tests. In the former two tests, stimulated lymphocytes are examined and hence, 48 h more are needed to obtain cells traversing the cell cycle. Due to the use of unstimulated nondividing cells, higher numbers of cells are available for RICA analysis than for dicentric chromosomes or micronuclei tests. Moreover, the method can be applied after exposure to ionizing radiation doses in excess of 5 Gy. Such doses cause a signifi cant cell cycle delay or result in the loss of G2 phase and mitotic cells because of apoptosis. Therefore, the traditional biodosimetry based on the evaluation of the incidence of damage to chromosomes is very difficult to carry out. This is due to the lack of an adequate number of mitotic cells for analysis. RICA is free of this disadvantage. An automatic microscope can be used to retrieve cell images; automatic image analysis can also be used.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 4, part 2; 933-941
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electron beam decomposition of pollutant model compounds in aqueous systems
Autorzy:
Ting, T. -M.
Dahlan, K. Z. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
absorbed dose
concentration of solute
ionizing radiation
organic decomposition
Opis:
In this study, factors that limit the utilization of electron beam irradiation for decomposition of pollutants were investigated. Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) was used as the model pollutant compound. The accumulated chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal below 2.4 kGy (applied for concentration at 85, 170, 255, 425 and 850 mg/l) was less than 10 per cent, whereas the accumulated COD removal at 215 kGy (applied for concentration at 85, 170, 255, 425 and 850 mg/l) was 198 per cent. At a lower concentration of KHP, 85 mg/l, the accumulated COD removal (for dose ranging from 0.5 to 215 kGy) was 236per cent. As the concentration of KHP increases to 850 mg/l, almost no COD removal was recorded (for dose ranging from 0.5 to 215 kGy). The results show that the removal efficiency and effectiveness of pollutants were influenced by the solute concentration and irradiation dose. When the concentration of KHP increases to a certain level, water radical species were not sufficient to form KHP radicals and, therefore, reduce the decomposition of KHP molecules. Removal of phthalate as measured by COD was restricted at a very high concentration, 850 mg/l. This indicates that the by-products have scavenged the radicals rapidly. This also suggests that, the limitation of radiolytic products of water to decompose KHP at higher concentration. A large quantity of KHP molecules would also stabilize the KHP radicals and resulting in lower removal of KHP. Similar removal trend was also observed for the actual industrial wastewater.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 4; 349-355
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of electron radiation on sugar content in inverted liquid sugar
Autorzy:
Podadera, P.
Sabato, S. F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
electron beam
ionizing radiation
inverted liquid sugar
physicochemical properties
Opis:
Inverted liquid sugar is a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose, which shows its relevant characteristic on high sweetness power. Ionizing radiation has been applied to different kind of food and ingredients for different reasons, such as pathogens reduction, disinfestations, quarantine purposes, ripening delay among others. Radiation from an electron beam can be utilized as a technique to treat this ingredient because it can process a great volume of material per unit of time. The main goal of this paper was to verify the effect of radiation on the properties of inverted liquid sugar. This ingredient was irradiated in an electron accelerator (Radiation Dynamics) at a dose ranging from 5 to 50 kGy. Sucrose content measurements were reduced by 23% at 30 kGy when compared to control and the reduced sugar content increased around 11%. Density and moisture values were not affected by radiation. The total soluble solids (Brix degrees) rose in function of the absorbed dose.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2009, 54, 2; 85-87
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency calculation and comparison of fluidic and solid-body power sources using corpuscular radiation
Autorzy:
Miś, Tomasz A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147670.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
alphavoltaic
nuclear battery
radioactivity
ionizing reactor
plutonium-239
americium-241
Opis:
Research done on a set of simple fl uidic (with the fluid used as the ionized medium being air under atmospheric pressure) alphavoltaic cells – small ionizing reactors or “nuclear batteries”, designed in the Faculty of Power and Aerospace Engineering of Warsaw University of Technology, Poland – has shown the possibility of accumulation of usable amount of electric charge. Two simple methods are proposed to describe the fluidic alphavoltaic cells in terms of their efficiency. The results of these methods are presented and compared with the efficiencies of other contemporary types of solid-body (semiconductor junction-based) alpha- and betavoltaic cells. The comparison showed that despite the far-reaching simplicity in design, the designed fl uidic cells are still more efficient than some of the solid-body devices that use the alpha type of decay.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2020, 65, 1; 31-35
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possible role of radon in prebiotic chemistry and in early evolution of Life on Earth
Autorzy:
Zagórski, Z. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
great oxidation event
ionizing radiation
prebiotic chemistry
radon
thoron
uranium
Opis:
Radon in the environment of early Earth was present in sites, determined by location of deposits of uranium, in very different geological formations. According to the decay of uranium-238, the total production of radon at the beginnings was twice as high as now and was continuously diminishing to the present levels. This nuclide could not play as big a role as do radioactive elements connected with the presence of high concentration of 235U, which was high enough in some places to give rise to formation of natural nuclear fission reactors (e.g. Oklo phenomenon in Africa). The main role of ionizing radiation in prebiotic chemistry and biological evolution was played by low LET (linear energy transfer) radiations, as deep penetrating sources of external energy. High LET radiations are of low penetration and could act only superficially. Radon is an exception, due to its easy transfer in the air. Therefore, it could play a role already in the cases of these early organisms which exhibited the gaseous exchange of chemical compounds with the surrounding atmosphere. The action was destructive, but, on the other hand, was also mutagenic. Nevertheless, the general quantitative effect of radon on the global scale could not be larger than of other radioactive nuclides. Presented considerations are part of the chapter by the present author on the role of nuclear and radiation chemistry in astrobiology, in the monograph published by American Scientific Publishers [1].
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 555-558
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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