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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of flight dynamics of an airplane encountering trailing vortices generated by another airplane
    Autorzy:
    Czechowicz, B.
    Kowaleczko, G.
    Nowakowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248149.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    air transport
    airplane
    airplane flight dynamics
    trailing vortices
    Opis:
    This paper presents method of flight dynamics modelling for aircraft encountering trailing vortices generated by other airplane. The mathematical model of 6-DOF spatial motion was applied. Aerodynamic forces produced by a wing were calculated using strip theory method – the wing was divided into a series of chordwise strips and contribution of each strip in these forces was determined. Local angle of attack for each strip was determined taking into account an influence of trailing vortices. Exemplary results of simulations for the case of two straight vortices encountered by aircraft are shown. Incremental contributions to aerodynamic forces and moments of all strips are summed. Model and description of trailing vortices, induced velocity inside the vortex, induced velocity outside the vortex, model of motion dynamics, equations of motion, airplane forces, moments acting on the airplane, aerodynamic forces and moments, trailing vortex effect on the airplane are presented in the paper. In particular, pair of straight trailing vortices, induced velocity for Rankine vortex, strip model of the wing, angle of attack for the strip, airplane pitch angle, bank angle, altitude, trajectory are illustrated.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 41-50
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determining of the optimum size of turbofan engine for obtaining the maximum range of multi-purpose airplane
    Autorzy:
    Wygonik, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247502.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    airplane range
    airplane and engine integration
    engine cycle parameters
    Opis:
    Aircraft range is one of the most important criteria of the assessment of the performance properties of an aircraft. For the needs of the paper the mathematical model of an aircraft (multi-purpose aircraft) and the engine which propels the aircraft was built (turbofan, two-spool, with jet mixer). For the analysis it was chosen so-called typical Breguet model and the conventional range. The models were modified as they should consider the characteristics of the engine in the non-dimensional form. The aim of the simulation research was to discuss the influence of the engine parameters (geometrical and thermodynamic) on the aircraft range, realized mainly in the subsonic and supersonic conditions. The decision which of these conditions can have a significant influence on the selection of the calculating point (i.e. the point which determines the geometrical dimensions of the engine) is difficult as there is no clear direction which aircrafts make up the important share in a mission or missions. It was decided that the parameter which connects the engine geometry with the range model is so-called non-dimensional coefficient of engine geometry which is the relation of the area on the inlet to the engine related to the wing area of the aircraft. It was shown that for various parameters of the engine cycle it is possible to show such a value of the non-dimensional coefficient of geometry which maximizes the aircraft range. The results obtained show opposite requirements as for the engine geometry for the subsonic and supersonic flight. On this basis the compromise solution was proposed to fulfil the requirements of the multi-purpose aircraft.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 2; 511-518
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Two-combustor turbofan engine performance analysis
    Autorzy:
    Jakubowski, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241903.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    jet engine
    turbofan engine
    engine performance
    airplane engine development
    Opis:
    A conception of a two-combustor turbofan engine is the main scope of this paper. At the beginning, the problems of turbofan engines development are briefly discussed as a background of this work. In this part the turbofan engines innovation activities are presented. It is mentioned the engine’s innovations consists of many aspects but some important ones are: lowering of production operation cost, maintenance, reduction of noise and exhaust gases emission while engine reliability should stay on the same level or event increase. Next, the conception of turbofan engine with two combustors is presented in this context. Some positive aspects for environment, production and maintenance of such engine are discussed. Then the thermodynamic cycle of two-combustor engine is presented and analysed. On this basis, the engine numerical model is prepared. Next, some information about the model simplifications and calculations done to determine performance of the engine is presented. Then the results of the simulation calculations of the engine performance are presented and discussed. The relationship of engine thrust and specific fuel consumption vs. engine flight conditions are shown. Based on the results there were discussed the advantages and disadvantages of two combustors engine as an airplane propulsion are specified. The conclusions are formulated and presented in the last part of the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 3; 141-148
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rational moulding of constructional figure and the usable properties of the airplane
    Racjonalne formowanie postaci konstrukcyjnej i cech użytkowych samolotu
    Autorzy:
    Klepacki, Z.
    Majka, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242868.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    projektowanie samolotów
    modelowanie
    optymalizacja
    airplane design
    modelling
    optimization
    Opis:
    The choice ofparameters of designed airplane should take place according to rational rules, allows to evaluate of project-variants. In spite of the evidence of this ascertainment, both the theory and the designing practice concentrates on the methods of seeking of solutions, and the problem of valuing is maximized simplified, and sometimes outright vulgarized. During that time, it is criteria and limitations determine the form of unknotting, and in the effect about the commercial success of all undertaking. The schema of the general designing of the airplane permits to restore approximate conditions for the real work of the airplane. Obtained results substantially are relative to "depths" of the modelling of the airplane characteristic (accuracy of partial models), the end result is a compromise. Authors worked out the software for different types of airplanes obtaining probable results of calculations. The main elements of the definition of the projects task, the full and reduced morphological board, the partial model, the mathematical model of the airplane are illustrated in the paper.
    Wybór parametrów projektowanego samolotu powinien odbywać się według racjonalnych zasad, pozwalających wartościować warianty projektowe. Mimo oczywistości tego stwierdzenia, teoria i praktyka projektowania koncentruje się na technikach szukania rozwiązań, zaś problem wartościowania jest maksymalnie upraszczany, a czasem wręcz trywializowany. Tymczasem, to kryteria i ograniczenia stanowią o postaci rozwiązania, a w efekcie o sukcesie handlowym całego przedsięwzięcia. Schemat ogólnego projektowania samolotu pozwala odtworzyć warunki zbliżone do rzeczywistego funkcjonowania samolotu, Uzyskane wyniki w dużym stopniu zależą od "głębokości" modelowania właściwości samolotu (precyzji modeli cząstkowych), rezultat końcowy jest wynikiem kompromisu. Autorzy opracowali oprogramowanie dla różnych typów samolotów uzyskując prawdopodobne wyniki obliczeń. Główne elementy definicji zadania projektowego, pełna i zredukowana tablica morfologiczna, model cząstkowy oraz model matematyczny samolotu są zilustrowane w artykule.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 272-278
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimal cruise performance of light transport aircraft from fuel efficiency point of view
    Optymalne osiągi przelotowe lekkiego samolotu transportowego z punktu widzenia zużycia paliwa
    Autorzy:
    Klepacki, Z.
    Majka, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244209.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    projektowanie samolotów
    modelowanie
    optymalizacja
    airplane design
    modelling
    optimization
    Opis:
    The need for the increase of speed, range and the useful load of general air transport is presently more actual than ever. In direct conjunction with these factors is the aircraft fuel efficiency. Determination of the fuel quantities used up in aircraft motions both in the air and on the ground has very essential meaning in the analysis of economics of the air transport. Reducing the amount of fuel consumed involves knowing the effect of alternate profiles and procedures on fuel consumption or fuel flow for the various aircraft types operating in the system. The aviation community is striving to provide more fuel efficient operations in the system. Critical to many of the efforts is the ability to estimate fuel consumption. A methodology of SFC (specific fuel consumption) valuation relating to aircraft performance and actual flight profile is the main goal of the work. Aircraft fuel consumption model consist of two submodels. The first is the aircraft computational model, with several submodels: geometrical, aerodynamic, mass, power unit. The second is utilization model, namely transport operation model. The calculations were done for few different categories airplanes. Final results and recommendations based on the analysis of fuel consumption and transportation energy effectiveness are presented in conclusions.
    Potrzeba zwiększania szybkości, zasięgu i ładunku użytecznego transportu lotniczego jest obecnie bardziej aktualna niż kiedykolwiek. Wiąże się z tym sprawność wykorzystania paliwa. Określenie ilości paliwa zużywanego przez samolot poruszający się zarówno w powietrzu jak i na ziemi ma bardzo istotne znaczenie w analizie ekonomiki transportu. Minimalizacja ilości zużytego paliwa wymaga przeprowadzenia analizy wpływu profilu i procedur wykonywania lotów na wymaganą ilość paliwa w zależności od typu samolotu funkcjonującego w systemie transportowym. Firmy lotnicze dążą do wykonywania zadań z maksymalną efektywnością z punktu widzenia zużycia paliwa. Dla wielu z nich najważniejszym zadaniem jest, więc możliwość wiarygodnego oszacowania zużycia paliwa. Głównym celem pracy było opracowanie metody wyznaczania zużycia paliwa w zależności od rodzaju samolotu i profilu lotu. Aby zrealizować ten cel opracowany został odpowiedni model matematyczny składający się z dwóch pod-modeli. Pierwszy z nich to kompleksowy model obliczeniowy samolotu, drugi zaś, model użytkowania. Z wykorzystaniem tych dwóch modeli wyznaczone zostały wskaźniki oceny efektywności samolotów różnych kategorii wykonujących typowe zadania transportowe. Na podstawie analizy porównawczej wyników, sformułowane zostały wnioski dotyczące optymalnych zakresów użytkowania samolotów z różnymi rodzajami napędu oraz optymalnych profilów przelotowych.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 173-182
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of multi - role aircraft mission type on the low bypass engine performance parameters
    Autorzy:
    Wygonik, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242065.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    gas turbine engine design
    airplane-engine integration
    aircraft mission optimization
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to find the relationship and dependencies between the mission parameters of the multi-role aircraft (altitude, flight velocity, thrust load) and the parameters that define the flow of the turbofan engine. The conclusions of these studies are relevant at the stage of preliminary engine design. There was built the model of thermal cycle of low bypass. The model of an airplane was simplified to its aerodynamic characteristics. The mission was divided into air tasks (stages) such as a take-off, a climb at a certain velocity, sub and supersonic flight and maneuvers (i.e. turn). Dimensionless energy criteria binding both the engine and aircraft parameters were introduced. There were conducted the simulation studies of the model airplane-engine mission to show the part of the mission that "dimensions " the engine. The results were limited to the presentation of the impact of circuit parameters such as T3, π, μ on the defined criteria. The calculations were carried out for a number of selected missions defined in the literature as Loll, HiLoHi and HiHiHi. The comparison of the energy requirements of these missions was done. There were pointed out these criteria of the mission evaluation that may affect making decisions at early design stages. There were designated the areas of design variability in an engine meeting the criteria for energy mission. The advantage of this model is universal character of dimensionless criteria, whereas the disadvantage is the need to build complex models of the engine and the assumption at the outset aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft. The originality of the presented solution is to show an alternative, unconventional approach to the design process (not as so far) the engine itself but the entire aviation system.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 435-442
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the gas turbine engine design parameters on the energy consumption of the multirole aircraft missions
    Autorzy:
    Wygonik, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    gas turbine engine design
    simulation
    airplane-engine integration
    aircraft mission optimization
    Opis:
    In the article the analysis of the influence of design parameters of the engine on the performed by the multirole aircraft mission was performed. The problem is complex as a result of performing a series of manoeuvres in various conditions of flight. A special feature of multi-role aircraft mission is a sudden (even pulse) weight change and exactly its reduction as a result of the discharge of cargo bomb, rocket or due to the consumption of ammunition during air combat manoeuvring. Reducing the airplane mass by the weight of the fuel consumed (continuously) and the used weapons radically differ the demands on the energy required to overcome gravity and drag forces. The article shows how the reduction of the aircraft mass influences on the change of the thrust load factor. It was built the mathematical model of the system engine-aircraft-air job (taking into account the flight conditions, elements of the mission - subsonic and supersonic flight, flight time, the heat-and-gasdynamic and mass model of the engine). The model enables for the simulation research of the complex flight missions and their evaluation on the basis of the constructed criteria. The model includes a parametric description of physical processes in the turbofan engine, thus provides a direct assessment of the impact of selection of engine parameters on the effectiveness of the mission. The results of calculations according to classical criteria (e.g. kilometre fuel consumption, specific fuel consumption) were presented. The paper presents new criteria, which enable to analyze the energy consumption of the complex mission of the aircraft (e.g. energy consumption: the unit range, the degree of utilization of energy resources and the carried out the mission engine). Criteria were built in by combining the parameters necessary for the flight with disposable ones. On the basis of these parameters there was done an assessment of the "quantitative" adjustment of a power unit to various missions such as subsonic, supersonic and mixed (for different their proportion), for different levels and the plane range. The results were presented in a pictorial way on numerous charts.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 569-576
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of the compliance of aircraft wing flap with use of the fracture mechanics
    Autorzy:
    Kłysz, S.
    Baran, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243350.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    airplane wing flap
    crack growth
    stress intensity factor
    Irwin-Kies theory
    Opis:
    Research in the field of fracture mechanics and determination of material characteristics are used for practical purposes, such as the assessment of static and dynamic strength of structural components, analysis of their fatigue life or extending the life span of their operation. A structural component, considered to be safe from fatigue cracking point of view, was investigated and results were presented in this article. In particular, an analysis was made to determine the stress intensity factor for the cracked wing flap construction, based on static and fatigue tests, using the Irwin-Kies theory. The flap with a service crack was subjected to fatigue tests with a load similar to the one registered during flight measurements. The flap without a service crack was subjected to static tests, after cutting the cracks of specified lengths and shapes (similar to the service crack) in the skin of the flap. The article presents changing the length of the flap crack in subsequent load cycles, change in the maximum values of force and the crack opening displacement in subsequent load cycles, dependence of P-COD in the first and second stage of fatigue testing of the wing flap, dependence of the wing flap compliance on the length of the crack and experimentally determined dependence for wing flap. The occurrence of a flap crack up to approximately 230 mm does not cause a significant growth of the stress intensity factor.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 547-554
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected issues rules of weight control aircraft
    Autorzy:
    Stańczyk, P.
    Stelmach, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246703.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    balancing plane
    centre of gravity of the airplane
    weight of the load
    Opis:
    In the era of dynamic development of the sciences, uninterrupted security is a priority for each of the sectors of transport. Flight safety depends on many factors that determine the quality and number of operations performed and functioning air transport system whereas the means of transport which is the aircraft. By factors must be understood as any action case, condition or situation where the existence or non-existence increases the probability of failure of the flight. The technical and organizational complexity of air transport system, a multitude of aviation personnel, the operation of the aircraft in various weather conditions are sources of various factors affecting flight safety. This article presents one of the very important things that must be done before every flight - the balance of the aircraft, which is a way of determining the centre of gravity plane COG, moreover, in the article also describes the weight of the passenger. Exemplified filled sheet loading and balance for Boeing B737-400 with the necessary tables, indexes, aimed at normalizing the data. Presented article is an introduction to the issue of control of the weight of the aircraft, taking into account the mass of passengers and their impact on the respective position of the centre of gravity of the aircraft.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 495-503
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trimming surfaces in the automatic plane control process
    Autorzy:
    Krawczyk, M.
    Zajdel, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246725.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    optionally piloted airplane
    automatic control system
    trimming
    trim control system
    automatyczny system kontroli
    Opis:
    The directions and speed of development of plane avionics systems are determined by three factors: economical consideration, required safety levels, and optimized working conditions for the pilot. This article presents the concept of a system in which the automatic control and stabilization process is effected because of coordinated deflections of trimming surfaces: the rudder, the elevator, and the ailerons. In particular, this article presents the structure of the system in the longitudinal movement steering channel by way of deflection of the trimmer of the elevator. Furthermore, it discusses the results of numerical model simulations, which are compared to the results obtained during in-flight tests. Additionally, this article specifies general technical requirements for the servomechanisms intended for the system class discussed herein. Selection of sufficiently large amplification makes control the plane with relatively small deflections of the trimmer. In particular, relationship between the deflection of the elevator and the deflection of trimmer, view of a tail plane and dimensions of the elevator trimmer, the structure and results of the pitch angle control system and simulation are presented in the article.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 1; 223-230
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of turbofan engine design modification to add inter-turbine combustor
    Autorzy:
    Jakubowski, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244764.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    jet engine
    turbofan engine
    turbofan engine design
    airplane engine development
    inter turbine combustor turbofan
    Opis:
    An inter turbine combustion is one of modern direction of turbofan engine cycle modification. It is possible to reduce gas temperature in high-pressure turbine inlet section and reduce NOX emission by an additional combustor placed between high and low pressure turbines. The analysis of engine cycle modification and its performance are a scope of many scientific investigations, but it is not any work about engine dimension change due to cycle modification. By these way problems of two combustor engine components and dimensions, change with comparison to conventional turbofan engine is a goal of this work. The structure of a turbofan engine with inter turbine combustor is shown and results of evaluation temperature and pressure in specified engine cut sections are presented and discussed. Then the gas density is calculated and by mass continuity equation application, the specified cross section areas are determined. The results of two-combustor turbofan engine are compared with conventional high bypass turbofan engine. The comparison of engines parameters allow to predict how engine components should be modified in two-combustor turbofan when the base of modification is classic turbofan engine. The analyse contain determination of compressor and turbine stage numbers, prediction of areas of cross section and diameters in specified engine sections and overall engine axial dimensions. The results are used to formulate conclusion about the turbofan engine structure modification by additional combustor implementation between turbines.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 3; 75-82
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Computational model of high altitude aircraft aerodynamics
    Autorzy:
    Zalewski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242754.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    air transport
    simulation
    propeller-driven unmanned airplane
    propeller-wing interaction
    low Reynolds number flows
    Opis:
    The paper presents computational fluid dynamics hybrid model for analysis of complex flow composed of flow zones at low Reynolds number and flow zones at relatively high Reynolds number conditions. In the described model both ranges of the flow are separated and resolved independently using different way of simulation. That kind of phenomenon is typical for aerodynamics of unmanned propeller driven aircrafts operating at very high altitude conditions (stratospheric). That type of aerial vehicles is now used for military and scientific purposes. In many cases, the wings of a plane are operating at relatively high Reynolds number flow conditions and low angles of attack while the parts of the propeller blades are working at low Reynolds number flow condition and high angles of attack. Described numerical model was used for analysis of the impact of working propellers on the aerodynamics of the aircraft. Analysis was made on the example of a twin-engine, unmanned aircraft with electric motors during the high altitude flight. Three configurations were studied and compared: the plane without propellers, the plane with pusher propellers and the plane with tractor propellers. For each configuration, distributions of aerodynamic coefficients along the span of the wing and their global values for the entire aircraft were estimated. Calculations were performed using the Fluent solver with implementation of a model of propeller based on the Blade Element Theory. Results of the analysis indicate a slight advantage of the tractor propellers configuration.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 1; 437-444
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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