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Tytuł:
Study of the influences of blending different proportions of propane into methane on combustion characteristics at the knock threshold by using RCM
Autorzy:
Shokrollahi, F.
Wyszynski, M.
Sundell, J.-P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
Rapid Compression Machine
knock threshold operating condition
peak driving pressure
knock intensity
Opis:
A spark-ignited Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) has been used to investigate the influences of the different proportions of methane-propane mixtures on the combustion characteristics at knock threshold operating condition. First, the threshold operating points of the mixtures have been obtained and the results indicated that the piston driving pressure reduces from 142 bars to 90 bars as the propane content in the mixture increases. As a spark plug was fitted in this RCM, the optimum spark timing was also investigated. It was established that spark timing should be set synchronize with the piston at TDC, due to the free movement of the piston. In most RCMs, piston can move toward TDC following the equilibria of forces due to the absence of con-rod. Finally, knock intensity of the different mixtures has been studied. Pre-heating system in RCM with and without trace heating system; effects of flow-rate and lambda variations on peak pressure, ignition delay time and ARR; threshold operating conditions of pure methane, 90% methane and 10% propane, 80% methane and 20% propane, 70% methane and 30% propane; effect of driving pressure on the knocking intensity for mixture of methane and propane for heavy and light knockings are presented in the article.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 339-346
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction of deformation in a spring-mass realisation of human chest occurred after action of impact
Autorzy:
Olejnik, P.
Awrejcewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245999.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
elastic impact
multi-dimensional dynamical system
rheological model
human chest
LQR algorithm
numerical simulation
Opis:
This paper takes into consideration active control of a mechanical construction modelling a human chest subject to impulsive elastic loading coming from a fast moving light mass. The effect of impact causes some essential deformation in the form of distance decreasing between the front and back side of the chest resulting from compression of internal organs. One can attenuate such a destructive proces s by introduction of fast-response active control elements attached to the front or back side of the chest i.e., from the direction of impacting mass or between back and support of the body. The problem of one- or two-dimensional control is not easy to perform because of the consideration of the very short time of system's reaction. At this stage there has been used an effective numerical procedure for both solution and LQR control method application in a dynamical system of three separated elastically (rheologically as well) linked masses. Direction-dependent coefficients of the rheological link (extending our system to the seventh state-space dimension) govern different properties of internal organs during their stretching and compression. It puts into the control scheme's matrices time-dependent coefficients of damping influencing the optimal linear quadratic regulator used in control.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 327-335
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy efficiency of rubber tracked chassis
Autorzy:
Dudziński, P.
Chołodowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
trackled vehicle
rubber track
rubbert belt
motion resistance
internal motion resistance
energy-efficiency
tractive efficiency
Opis:
Nowadays, increasing number of machines and off-road vehicles are equipped with elastomeric, mainly rubber, tracked chassis. Rubber tracks and belts combine the most important advantages of both: pneumatic tires and conventional tracks made from metal links. In spite of significant benefits, rubber tracked chassis is a novel and uncommon design solution, as the application of rubber tracks and belts still brings up many severe problems. Consequently, an urgent need to overcome these problems exists. In The Division of Off-Road Machine and Vehicle Engineering (DORMVE) an intensive research, pertaining to rubber-tracked chassis has been conducted for many years. In the very beginnings, the investigation was carried on in cooperation with German companies INTERTRACTOR, IAMT and IBAF. As a result, numerous original and innovative design solutions, which became a subject of European, American and Japanese patents, were developed. However, some issues have not yet been resolved. Present research of DORMVE is aimed at identification of problems concerning energy efficiency of rubber-tracked chassis. The main objective of current investigation is to improve the energy efficiency. To do so a comprehensive optimisation process is to be carried out. Within the following article, a classification of aforementioned problems will be discussed. Research facilities in laboratory of DORMVE and exemplary results, which have already been obtained, will be also presented.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 2; 97-104
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Disparity compute methods in three - dimensional scene reconstruction for overhead travelling crane work space visualization
Autorzy:
Szpytko, J.
Hyla, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
material handling devices
stereovision
disparity map
work space modelling
Opis:
The problem of ensuring the safe and efficient cranes operations in automated manufacturing processes involves the needs of the operating workspace identification, especially in the automation mode. However, this paper describes the problem of overhead travelling crane's workspace identification with the stereovision. Main authors’ attention was focused on the stereo pictures matching problem through optimization exist disparity computation methods with algorithms optimization by completion with implement correlation matching algorithms. The stereo system is based on the single camera localized under the crane trolley that allows obtaining the sequences of stereo snapshots of crane workspace during the crane or trolley movement. Typically, disparity was produce by calculating the displacement of each pixel of the stereo image along an epipolar line. The disparity software optimization was based on matching algorithms architecture. In this article, the disparity optimization procedure achieved by produce disparity on the ROI (Region of Interest) method is described. Disparity was obtained with the help of sets homologous pixels collections. These sets were determinate with variety kind of similarity measures, which was implemented to disparity search algorithm. Each disparity map (based on the separate similarity measure) was tested under outward appearance and computing time criteria.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 421-428
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Blast wave and suspension system interaction - numerical approach
Autorzy:
Baranowski, P.
Małachowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
suspension system
pressure wave
SPH
ALE
FE modeling
Opis:
The main aim of this paper is to present the effective example of coupled experimental and numerical tests. Moreover, a development process of a numerical model of a terrain vehicle suspension system is presented. Experimental tests were carried out on the machine Instron 8802 with an assistance of the high-speed camera Phantom v12. Obtained stress-strain curves were applied into the FE model to estimate material constants for Mooney-Rivlin constitutive rubber model and for numerical failure criterion. Geometry of the tire and other suspension elements were achieved using reverse engineering technology. Due to the fact that a tire is such a complex structure to be represented with numerical methods, it was important to develop a discrete model of tire as much similar to the real one as possible. Consequently, an exact tire cords pattern was implemented into the FE model of the tire, which was obtained by the assistance of a microscope and X-ray device. In the next step, numerical analyses were performed simulating the TNT explosion under the suspension system with a simplified motor-car body. Nonlinear dynamic simulations were carried out using the explicit LS-Dyna code, with central difference scheme with modified the time integration of the equation of motion. In order to simulate the blast wave propagation the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation with Jones Wilkins Lee (JWL) equation defining the explosive material were used. Finally, results from both approaches were compared.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 17-24
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
3D CDF modeling of ships heeling moment due to liquid sloshing in tanks - a case study
Autorzy:
Krata, P.
Jachowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247761.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
CFD
safety against capsizing
ship's stability
liquid sloshing
free surface effect
Opis:
Modeling of liquid sloshing inside partly filled ships' tanks can be carried out by a variety of methods. The simplest and perhaps the less reliable is a quasi-static approach which is, however, recommended in the Intact Stability Code by the International Maritime Organization. Hence the only advantage of the static estimation of liquid sloshing is simplicity of calculations, the research into the application of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was performed in Department of Ship Operation at Gdynia Maritime University. The paper presents results of numerical simulations o f a liquid sloshing phenomenon performed by means of a code Fluent. The research was focused on a computation of the heeling moment affecting stability of a vessel, especially on the dynamic effects, which are omitted in obligatory intact ship's stability regulations nowadays. The computed distributions of dynamic pressures on tank walls were carried out for large oscillation amplitude which is characteristic for stormy sea conditions. Ali the simulations were computed in 3D mode and they provide high accuracy results. A case study described in the paper enables realistic comparison of the results of CFD liquid sloshing simulations and the simple statics based computations. The study reveals some weaknesses of the contemporary quasi-static approach towards the free surface effect and it might be the contribution to the more sophisticated estimation of the ship's stability than it is achieved nowadays.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 245-251
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fighting means research as a source of stroke charging of combat vehicles
Badanie środków bojowych jako źródeł obciążeń udarowych wozów bojowych
Autorzy:
Figurski, J.
Rybak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241611.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
armata
wóz bojowy
metodyka
siła odrzutu
obciążenie
gun
combat vehicle
method
recoil force
charging
Opis:
In the paper there are presented theoretical, research and application conditions of fighting means in aspect of affecting combat vehicle. There are analysed processes of fighting means research and there are presented indexes of fighting means quality evaluation. Exploitation usefulness of the tested fighting means have important influence on artillery systems combat effectiveness, it has also a negative influence affecting the stability and construction of systems in which these means are used. In the work there was taken an attempt on presentation of affect of fighting means the construction of combat vehicles. These affects are the source of rapidly changeable charging of stroke character. On a chosen example there is presented a method of appointing the basic parameters characterising fighting means, at this constituting essential charging affecting combat vehicle during the shot. In the tables there are set the results of laboratory tests and computations of fighting means as well also basic combat vehicles guns of some states.
W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania teoretyczne, badawcze i aplikacyjne środków bojowych w aspekcie oddziaływania na wóz bojowy. Przeanalizowano procesy badań środków bojowych oraz przedstawiono wskaźniki oceny jakości środków bojowych Przydatność eksploatacyjna badanych środków bojowych ma zasadniczy wpływ na efektywność bojową systemów artyleryjskich, ma również negatywny wpływ oddziaływujący na stabilność i konstrukcję systemów, w których stosowane są te środki. W pracy podjęto próbę przedstawienia oddziaływań środków bojowych na konstrukcje wozów bojowych. Oddziaływania te są źródłem szybkozmiennych obciążeń o charakterze udarowym. Na wybranym przykładzie przedstawiono metodykę wyznaczania podstawowych parametrów charakteryzujących środki bojowe, w tym stanowiące zasadnicze obciążenie, oddziaływujące na wóz bojowy podczas strzału. W tabelach zestawiono rezultaty badań laboratoryjnych jak i obliczeń środków bojowych oraz podstawowych armat wozów bojowych niektórych państw.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 1; 199-208
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ships heeling moment due to liquid sloshing in tanks - 3D attitude
Autorzy:
Jachowski, J.
Krata, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
safety against capsizing
ship's stability
sloshing
free surface effect
Opis:
The matter of the paper refers to the dynamic stability of a vessel as an important factor affecting her safety at seaway. Ship 's seakeeping behaviour, which comprises the notion of her stability, is one of the researched key issues leading to the increase in understanding of the safety qualifying factors. Liquid sloshing phenomenon is a result of partly filled tank motions. As a tank moves, it supplies the energy to induce and sustain the fluid motion. The dynamic behaviour of a vessel at seaway is considerably affected by the dynamics of free liquid surfaces, therefore the influence of fluid movement taking place in partly filled tanks on the safety of ship 's exploitation process is emphasized. The paper presents the results of the experimental research and the numerical simulation of the sloshing phenomenon. The research was focused on the computation of the heeling moment affecting the stability of a vessel, especially dynamic effects, which are omitted in obligatory intact ship 's stability regulations nowadays. The experiment performed in the course of the research was carried out in Department of Ship Operation at Gdynia Maritime University. The unique test apparatus was designed and built. It enables to measure dynamic pressures on model tank walls for large oscillation amplitudes, which are characteristic for stormy sea conditions. The numerical simulations of liquid sloshing phenomenon, took into account the viscosity of liquid and the turbulence of considered flows. All the simulations were computed in 3D mode and they provide high accuracy results. The spatial distribution of dynamic pressures on model tank walls enables computation of heeling moment due to liquid sloshing which affects ship 's stability. Further analysis of obtained moments was carried out. The study may be the contribution to the more sophisticated estimation of the ship's stability than it is achieved nowadays.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 191-197
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fighting means quality and military vehicle load
Jakość środków bojowych a obciążenie pojazdu wojskowego
Autorzy:
Figurski, J.
Rybak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243199.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
pojazd wojskowy
armata
pocisk
obciążenie
siła odrzutu
combat vehicle
gun
missile
charging
recoil force
Opis:
Przedstawiono uwarunkowania badawcze i aplikacyjne środków bojowych w aspekcie oddziaływania na pojazd wojskowy (pojazd bojowy) podczas realizacji strzelania z broni pokładowej. Opisano procesy badań środków bojowych oraz przeanalizowano i przedstawiono wskaźniki oceny jakości środków bojowych Przydatność eksploatacyjna analizowanych środków bojowych ma istotny wpływ na skuteczność bojową systemów artyleryjskich, może mieć również negatywny wpływ oddziaływujący na stabilność i konstrukcję systemów, w których wykorzystuje się te środki. W pracy podjęto próbę oszacowania i przedstawienia oddziaływania środków bojowych na wybrane konstrukcje pojazdów wojskowych. Oddziaływania te są źródłem szybkozmiennych obciążeń o charakterze impulsowym. Na wybranym przykładzie przedstawiono metodykę wyznaczania podstawowych parametrów charakteryzujących środki bojowe, w tym stanowiące zasadnicze obciążenie, oddziaływujące na wóz bojowy podczas strzału. W tabelach zestawiono rezultaty badań laboratoryjnych jak i obliczeń środków bojowych oraz podstawowych armat wozów bojowych niektórych państw. Uzyskane rezultaty mają charakter ilościowych, przedstawiających wagę problemu dla potencjalnych konstruktorów jak i użytkowników pojazdów wojskowych.
There are presented research and application conditions offighting means in aspect of affecting military (combat) vehicle during shooting a board weapon. There are analysed processes of fighting means research and there are presented indexes of fighting means quality evaluation. Exploitation usefulness of the analysed fighting means have important influence on artillery systems combat effectiveness. It may also have a negative influence affecting the stability and construction of systems in which these means are used. In the work there was taken an attempt on assessment and presentation of affect of fighting means the chosen construction of combat vehicles. These affects are the source of rapidly changeable loads with impetus character. On a chosen example there is presented a method of appointing the basic parameters characterising fighting means, also constituting essential charging affecting combat vehicle during the shot. In the tables there are set the results of laboratory tests and computations of fighting means and basic combat vehicles guns of some states as well. The achieved results have quantitative character presenting the problem importance for eventual constructors and military vehicles users as well.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 125-132
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A proposal for marine fuel oil system arranged to burn heavy fuel oil and low sulphur distillate grade
Autorzy:
Krzyżanowski, J.
Nowak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
automatic fuel change-over
chiller
Diesel Switch
Emission Control Areas
low-sulphur fuel
Opis:
The following paper introduces a retrofit proposal for marine fuel oil system arranged to burn heavy fuel oil and low-sulphur distillate grade. In the face of tighter requirements regarding sulphur content in fuel, which are obligatory both inside Emission Control Areas and among international waters, it is necessary to provide safe and efficient ship operation. Conventional methods for fuel change-over between heavy fuel oil and distillate grade are saddled with necessity of constant process control and compulsory engine load reduction during the realization of procedure. It ensures that maximum fuel temperature gradient amounts 2 °C/min, which protects injection system against thermal shock. The solution proposed by MAN Diesel & Turbo in cooperation with LEMAG Lehman & Michels turns mentioned procedure into unusual until now level thanks to guaranteed safety, control, smoothness and degree of automation. So-called Diesel Switch constitutes automatic fuel change-over system, which implements the process free from engine load factor. A built-in programmable logic controller and specially designed nonproportional valve enable to achieve smooth and linear characteristic of change. Furthermore, device controls other fuel oil system elements and also registers procedure run. The second element in retrofitted system concerns the way of distillate fuel cooling. Sulphur in the chemical bonds with other fuel components reveals lubricating properties. Reduction of its amount simultaneously with usage of low-viscosity distillate fuel creates a risk of damage to plunger and barrel assemblies. A guarantee of proper hydrodynamic lubrication film in injection system involves maintaining a minimal fuel viscosity of 2 cSt at engine inlet. Commonly used central cooling system on ships has a significant limitation. Water from low temperature cooling circuit, which provides a coolant cannot decrease fuel temperature below 40 °C. Applied solution proposed by Novenco is concerned with chilled water system assembly, which can cool down fuel even below 0 °C through vapour compression or an absorption cycle. As a result, low-sulphur fuel viscosity can be increased at any load independently of seawater temperature.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 161-168
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Virtual ship’s roll decay test with the use of CFD technique
Autorzy:
Krata, P.
Jachowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243570.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
sea transport
ship stability
roll simulation
roll decay test
computational fluid dynamics
Opis:
Since safety of navigation is related to the stability performance of a ship, the transverse stability is routinely calculated and measured. One of the crucial experimental approach is a roll decay test. Although, an obtained result of the roll decay test carried out on the full-scale ship needs to be compared to a benchmark enabling an estimation of the relevant stability. Nowadays such a benchmark is just based on the simplified GM-based IMO-recommended formula. This research aims at the more sophisticated method of ship’s natural period of roll estimation and thus her stability assessment. The CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technique is applied and the result of the free roll simulation is compared to the solution of a roll equation. The one degree-of-freedom roll equation is applied with regard to the nonlinear ship righting moment and the nonlinear damping moment obtained according to Ikeda’s method. The six degrees-of-freedom simulation of ship’s roll decay test was carried out by the use of FlowVision code utilizing the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation with regard to the turbulent flows based on the eddy viscosity concept. The semi-empirical k-ε turbulence model was applied. Thereby, the CFD-based approach allows to get rid of any assumptions regarding the value of the damping coefficient, which is an advantage over the roll equation based approach.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 2; 215-221
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical investigations of terrain vehicle tire subjected to blast wave
Autorzy:
Baranowski, P.
Małachowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
blast wave
finite element analysis
SPH
JWL
tire
vehicle suspension system
vehicle suspension
Opis:
In this paper a numerical model of a terrain vehicle suspension system development process is presented. In the performed studies the suspension system with and without a simplified motor-car body was taken into consideration. Geometry of the tire, wheel and system elements were achieved using reverse engineering technology. Moreover, with the assistance of a microscope and an X-ray device it was possible to achieve the exact tire cords pattern, which in the next stages was implemented into the FE model. Subsequently, numerical simulations of both cases were performed simulating the TNT explosion under a wheel. The non-linear dynamic analyses were performed using the LS-DYNA code. To solve both presented cases the explicit central difference scheme with modified time integration of the equation of motion was implemented. Computations of blast wave propagation were carried out with the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method with Jones Wilkins Lee (JWL) equation of state defining the explosive material. Obtained results have shown different suspension system elements damage and tire destruction characteristic, which come from blast wave reflection of the motor-car body surface.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 23-30
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Automated guided vehicles : the survey
Autorzy:
Hyla, P.
Szpytko, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
AGV
navigation
patch planning
scheduling
workspace mapping
control
telematics
Opis:
Transport has always been a fundamental impulse for the development of civilization. The first fully automatically controlled vehicles for industrial application (previously called driverless vehicles) was design in 1954 year. This has been achieved more than 60 years ago. Unmanned Ground Vehicles are a whole family of autonomous vehicles use modern tools with all power today available electronics for navigation task and decision making process on the base artificial intelligence and (AI) algorithms. At present time a problem of the realization a fully reconfiguration navigation system working in real time mode for UGV vehicles is the subject of the research for many scientific units of the entire scientific world. The object of the statement constitute AGV short historical outline with actual trends marking. The special authors' attention was focused on the solutions dedicated for so-called e-tools functionalities implementing in modern AGV vehicles. The main purpose of the article was focused on the set of issues involving the most problems in the whole material handling (MHD) family devices with any autonomous factor. The article is focused on the localization problem, trajectories founding, path planning, scheduling, workspace with environment mapping and AGV control issues. Described methods and tools are connected with chosen artificial intelligence solutions dedicated or adapted for autonomous vehicles' needs.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 101-110
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ecology from EGR
EGR a ekologia
Autorzy:
Jaskólski, J.
Mikoda, P.
Łasocha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
redukcja emisji spalin
recyrkulacja spalin
zawór EGR
silnik z zapłonem samoczynnym
reducing of polluting emission
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
EGR valve
diesel engine
Opis:
Systematyczne ograniczanie emisji substancji szkodliwych oraz wdrażanie kolejnych edycji norm EURO ostatnimi czasy, w sposób istotny, daje się we znaki konstruktorom i producentom silników spalinowych. Ciekawostką natomiast jest to, iż w pierwszej kolejności ograniczenie emisji substancji szkodliwych odbywa się „na papierze". Wówczas bowiem powstają kolejne obostrzenia przepisów dotyczące emisji substancji szkodliwych. Dopiero później zaczyna się ciężka praca konstruktorów i producentów, aby sprostać temu co zostało zapisane w literze prawa. Doświadczenie ostatnich lat pozwala jednak wypowiedzieć stwierdzenie, iż wykonana praca przynosi wyraźne efekty i doprowadza do globalnego obniżenia emisji substancji szkodliwych. A zatem działania prowadzone w tym kierunku są jak najbardziej uzasadnione i konieczne. Podczas przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że ilość tlenków azotu po zastosowaniu recyrkulacji spalin maleje w sposób istotny. Zgodnie z założeniami recyrkulacja wpłynęła również na wzrost zawartości węglowodorów. Jednostkowe zużycie paliwa z recyrkulacją spalin bez chłodzenia wykazuje spadek wraz z ze wzrostem momentu obrotowego. Jednostkowe zużycie paliwa z recyrkulacją i z chłodzeniem wykazuje nieco wyższy poziom niż bez chłodzenia w całym zakresie badanej zmiany momentu obrotowego. Zatem pomimo zastosowania urządzenia EGR o niezbyt skomplikowane budowie w znacznej mierze potwierdzone zostały założenia teoretyczne. Jednakże sterowanie procesem recyrkulacji nie jest łatwe i wymaga dostrojenia parametrów regulacyjnych (kąt wyprzedzenia wtrysku, dawka paliwa).
The systematic limitations of the emission of harmful substances and the implementation of succeeding editions of last time EURO rules, essentially, are nuisance to constructors and the producers of internal-combustion engines. Curiosity however is this, that first of all limitation of the emissions of harmful matter takes place „on paper". At the same time since originate the succeeding intensifications of rules relative of the harmful matter emissions. Later only the hard work of the constructors and producers is begun, in order to equal this what became endowed in the law. The experience of last years permits however to express ascertainment, that the exercised work brings distinct effects and leads to a global lowering of the emission of harmful matter. But therefore activity led in this direction are most justified and necessary. During performed research was found, that the quantity of the nitrogen oxides on the exhaust recirculation application becomes essentially smaller. In accordance with the assumptions recirculation influenced also on growth of the hydrocarbon content. The unitary fuel consumption with exhaust recirculation without the cooling shows the lowering together with growth of engine torque. The unitary fuel consumption with exhaust recirculation and with the cooling proves some higher level than without the refrigeration in the completely researched range of the engine torque change. Therefore despite the application of the EGR equipment of not very complicated design the theoretical assumptions became affirmed to a large degree. However control of recirculation process is not easy and requires the adaptations of regulating parameters (injection advance angle, fuel dose).
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 197-202
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reverse engineering vision technique applying in transport systems
Autorzy:
Szpytko, J.
Hyla, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
operation space reconstruction
transportation
reverses engineering
Opis:
The paper is focusing on a designing conception of the SD type operation workspace (digital map) of a transportation device (based on an overhead crane), included possible obstacles influences at movement trajectory shaping of goods as subject of replacements. System proposal conception is built based on a reverse engineering vision type technique. Contact less an object geometry mapping methods, laser triangulation system with CCD camera, Indirect measuring the height of the detail with use of the vision system, the 3D scanning testing system, Example of a real object (left side) with the CAD model (right side) received with laser scanning method, Laboratory double girder crane, selected research activities carrying out with the crane use, the crane workspace mapping block scheme are presented in the paper. Presented in paper scanning conception of the possible transportation limited 3D type workspace is requiring further research focusing on automated mapping system the material handling devices. The research must include also selected possible obstacles (including containers) shape, surface features and colour, as well as environment possible noise (e.g.: non sufficient lighting, limited visibility, workspace dimensions).
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 3; 395-400
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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