Temat: medium - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Aktywność innowacyjna małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Wielkopolsce w latach 2001-2004
The Innovativeness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Wielkopolska Region in 2001-2004
Autorzy:: Mizgalska, Hanna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575651.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2006-06-30
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: innovativeness
small and medium-sized enterprises
Wielkopolska
Opis:: The study examines the innovativeness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Wielkopolska region and factors influencing innovation in 2001-2004. The analysis is made against the background of changes in innovativeness and factors determining innovation in 1992-2000. The author used the results of surveys conducted among 163 SMEs in Wielkopolska in 2005. Overall, SME innovativeness did not increase in the analyzed period compared with previous yeas. The innovativeness of enterprises tended to grow with an increase in company size, the level of education of company managers (owners) and the age of the company. Companies using the Internet, especially those using it for sale and purchase transactions, displayed greater innovativeness. Innovation is restrained by scant financial resources, outmoded equipment and machinery, high business risk and the absence of an active pro-innovation policy pursued by the government.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2006, 208, 5-6; 53-73
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Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Zachowania małopolskich małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw eksportujących w świetle teorii stopniowego umiędzynarodowienia
The Behavior of Small and Medium-Sized Exporting Businesses in Poland’s Małopolska Region Under the Theory of Gradual Internationalization
Autorzy:: Morawczyński, Rafał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574574.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007-08-31
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: internationalization
exports
small and medium-sized enterprises
Opis:: The author endeavors to establish if Poland’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are undergoing internationalization in line with the rules described in the theory of gradual internationalization. This theory is generally used to explain the behaviors of companies on foreign markets. The author carries out a quantitative analysis on a sample of more than 100 exporting manufacturing enterprises based in Poland’s Małopolska province. The study shows that the behavior of most surveyed companies accords with the rules followed in other countries and the guidelines of the gradual internationalization theory. In particular, as their experience grows, companies are entering new markets and increasing the share of exports in their total revenue. Morawczyński’s study shows that companies are entering foreign markets at an increasingly faster rate. This conclusion is compatible with the latest findings in other countries. Beginning exporters usually choose countries that are considered to be close “psychologically,” the author says. Unexpectedly, Morawczyński finds a weaker-than-expected link between the level of internationalization and the system of knowledge associated with operations abroad. The surveyed companies break away from the pattern mapped out by the gradual internationalization theory. This is largely due to a global business concept increasingly popular in recent years whereby companies are encouraged to pursue global operations from inception onward.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2007, 217, 7-8; 65-82
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Finansowanie inwestycji w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach
Financing Investments in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Autorzy:: Szczepaniec, Marek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575663.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2006-03-31
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: financing
investment
small and medium-sized enterprises
Opis:: The article contributes to the overall body of knowledge about investments made by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their sources of financing. The author conducts an empirical research through a direct interview method on two samples: a sample of 1,001 microbusinesses (meaning those with up to nine employees) and a sample of 1,202 SMEs with 10 to 249 employees. The research shows that only 41 percent of Poland’s SMEs carried out investments in 2004. Investment indicators were the highest among medium-sized enterprises (74 percent), while microbusinesses showed the lowest indicators (41 percent). In the case of individual types of investments (day-to-day maintenance and modernization, purchase of computer hardware and software, purchase of individual machines and equipment, purchase of means of transportation, construction of new plants and purchase of turnkey production lines), the highest investment indicators were invariably recorded among medium-sized enterprises. The percentage of investing companies increased with an increase in employment. The same is true of the percentage of companies declaring investment plans for the next 12 months. Most of the companies polled used their own funds to finance their investments. An important (though usually only supportive) role in financing some investments (in particular, the purchases of means of transportation, turnkey production lines, machines and equipment) was played by loans and leasing. In analyses by market segment, the following rule was observed: companies with a higher level of employment displayed a greater tendency to use loans and leasing programs. Other sources of funds for investment projects in the SME sector were of marginal importance. Comparative analyses reveal that the use of external sources of funds to finance SME investment projects in Poland is usually two to three times lower than in other EU countries and the United States. However, no evidence of discrimination against SMEs in lending by banks was obtained. Only 2.5 percent of the companies polled have been refused bank loans over the past three years. An increased propensity to invest among Polish SMEs could be stimulated by appropriate activities of the government, banks and entrepreneurs themselves.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2006, 206, 3; 59-70
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Kapitał ludzki a innowacje w małych i średnich firmach
Human Capital and Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Autorzy:: Szczepaniec, Marek
Jurkiewicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575711.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009-12-31
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: human capital
innovation
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
Opis:: The paper is concerned with research into the relationship between human capital and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland. The authors describe the results of surveys conducted on a random sample of SMEs, 1,308 in 2007 and 1,346 in 2009. The surveys showed that human capital has a direct influence on innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises. The greater the human capital stock, the more often companies become involved in innovative projects by introducing new products and services, making major modifications to the existing range of products and services, changing the way in which they are organized, introducing new methods for providing services to customers, modifying technology, entering new markets and changing the ways of distributing products. An increase in human capital leads to an increase in internet usage and the popularity of online banking services, in addition to a higher percentage of companies with patents, licenses, registered trademarks and quality certificates, the authors say. They conclude by stating that the results of their research can be applied in economic policy and the management of human resources in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2009, 236, 11-12; 25-44
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Fuzje i przejęcia w sektorze bankowym a finansowanie rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Banking Sector Mergers & Acquisitions and the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Autorzy:: Kościukiewicz, Paweł
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575655.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2006-08-31
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: mergers & acquisitions
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
banks
Opis:: The paper presents the influence of mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The author discusses existing studies of banking sector consolidation and its influence on the development of SMEs. The article considers the influence of the relocation of bank headquarters after a merger or acquisition on lending to SMEs. It also examines the effects of consolidation on the bank’s credit portfolio and the cost of credit for SMEs. The work sums up analyses of how changes in banks’ organizational structures affect lending to SMEs. In his research, the author uses studies of consolidation processes in the American banking sector. Various American economists have reached conflicting conclusions with regard to the relationship between banking sector consolidation and lending to SMEs. These contradictions result from different research methods adopted by individual economists.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2006, 209, 7-8; 47-58
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Ocena publicznej i prywatnej formy świadczenia usług dla przedsiębiorców w Małopolsce
Evaluation of Public and Private Services for Entrepreneurs in Poland’s Małopolska Region
Autorzy:: Gancarczyk, Marta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575529.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009-06-30
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: information
evaluation
public intervention
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
Opis:: The article evaluates public and private information and consulting services provided to small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The author uses methods furnished by new institutional economics and the theory of market inefficiency. Gancarczyk compares an experimental group covered by public assistance against a control group made up of companies with similar features and using commercial information and consulting services. The comparison was made according to criteria such as accuracy, efficiency, usefulness, reliability and effectiveness. The study reveals that public authorities should continue providing free information and consulting services, the author says, because there are continued market inefficiencies, including an insufficient supply of consulting services and a strong asymmetry in access to information. The market inefficiencies in question call for further public assistance in this area, Gancarczyk adds. The analysis of the criteria of accuracy, efficiency, usefulness, reliability and effectiveness from the perspective of alternative costs confirms that free public services are more reliable than comparable services offered by private service providers, while the evaluation of effectiveness and usefulness for both groups was similar. On the other hand, public service providers displayed lower efficiency, Gancarczyk says.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2009, 232, 5-6; 91-111
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: System wsparcia dla przedsiębiorców - doświadczenia brytyjskie
Business Support Systems: British Experience
Autorzy:: Gancarczyk, Marta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574600.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010-06-30
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
entrepreneurship policy
business services
Britain
Opis:: The article examines the evolution of business support systems in Britain in 1973-2006, looking at the strengths and weaknesses of individual measures and suggesting how the British experience could be used in Poland. The analysis covers a period from the launch of Britain’s first government agency tasked with coordinating assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to a time when the government delegated responsibility for helping businesses to regional authorities. Gancarczyk quotes interviews with British civil servants and employees at the University of Cambridge Centre for Business Research (CBR), an independent private research center specialized in evaluating business support policies. Gancarczyk also uses CBR research reports, scientific papers and reports issued by public institutions. The British system for providing support to businesses is based on regional assistance, Gancarczyk says. Efforts to modify the system have included the launch of moderately decentralized structures coordinated by regional authorities and focused on financing specific services rather than institutions. This has been accompanied by a tendency to rely on well-reputed organizations and efforts to avoid an excessive number of service providers and keep red tape to a minimum. According to the author, a similar policy should be followed by those responsible for developing Poland’s business support system. In particular, regional authorities should be encouraged to combine support for existing SMEs with assistance to business startups, Gancarczyk says. This would ensure the complementariness of central and regional measures, in addition to an effective monitoring and evaluation of these projects, Gancarczyk concludes.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 240, 5-6; 41-60
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Born global – nowa generacja małych polskich przedsiębiorstw
Born Globals: A New Generation of Small Polish Businesses
Autorzy:: Przybylska, Krystyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575417.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010-08-31
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: internationalization of the firm
stage approach
born globals
small and medium-sized enterprises
Opis:: The article proposes a new approach to the process of internationalization of the firm. According to the author, international economists are increasingly critical of the traditional, stage approach to this process. Both theoretical discussions and empirical evidence question this approach, according to Przybylska. A growing number of companies, especially small and medium-sized ones, are going international in their operations far sooner than suggested by the traditional approach to internationalization. Firms that that compete internationally from their earliest stages, often bypassing the domestic market, are referred to as born global firms. The traditional approach to the internationalization process fails to explain why born global firms decide to compete on foreign markets immediately or soon after launching their operations. This means that born globals challenge the traditional theory of internationalization, Przybylska says. The author proposes a new approach to born globals to explain why a growing number of Polish small and medium-sized enterprises decide to compete internationally from their earliest stages. The author also sets out to highlight the characteristic features of this process. An additional aim is to show the differences between the traditional and new approaches to the internationalization of the firm. To achieve these goals, Przybylska formulates two research hypotheses. The first hypothesis holds that the traditional models of internationalization do not fully explain this process, especially with regard to small and medium-sized businesses. The other hypothesis is that there is a growing number of born globals among small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. To confirm these hypotheses, the author conducted a survey. The obtained data proved both research hypotheses right, the author concludes.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 241, 7-8; 63-84
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Wczesna internacjonalizacja przedsiębiorstw - nowy obszar badań
Early Internationalization of Enterprises: A New Area of Research
Autorzy:: Nowiński, Witold
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575735.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2006-12-31
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: internationalization
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
entrepreneurship
international new ventures
born globals
Opis:: The paper is concerned with the “early internationalization” of firms and shows the state of research into this issue in Poland. The author reviews the body of research to date. The review covers leading Polish and international economic and business journals that have dealt with issues such as “born globals,” “international new ventures” and “early internationalization.” In all, the author reviews almost 30 scientific studies. Of these only one referred to a company that had ties to Poland. On the basis of the review, the author discusses concepts applied in research into early internationalization, in particular definitions of enterprises that follow this strategy. Among the criteria for distinguishing various types of “early internationalizing firms,” geographical factors are seen as the most important. The author found that the tendency to undergo early internationalization and the effects of this process were related to the competitive strategies employed by firms. The paper’s findings referring to early internationalization indicate that the process should also occur in the Polish economy. However, for the time being, there is no scientific evidence of early internationalization in Poland. International literature on the subject shows that further scientific research into early internationalization in Poland should primarily focus on the motives for early internationalization, the author concludes. Researchers should also turn the searchlight on the relationship between early internationalization, on the one hand, and industrial factors, business strategies and company resources, on the other.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2006, 212, 11-12; 87-99
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Reguła średniookresowego celu budżetowego w Unii Europejskiej
The Medium-Term Budgetary Objective in the European Union
Autorzy:: Baran, Bernadeta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575325.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013-12-31
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: MTO
koordynacja polityki budżetowej
reguły budżetowe
medium-term objective
fiscal policy coordination
fiscal rules
Opis:: The article analyzes the nature and importance of the so-called Medium-Term Budgetary Objective (MTO) in the financial system of the European Union. The author discusses the MTO calculation method, which is consistent with the requirements of the EU’s Stability and Growth Pact. Baran also compares the results of the calculations with objectives declared by EU member states in their 2012 stability/convergence programs and assesses the effectiveness of the MTO. The role of the MTO in the EU financial system has evolved over the years, the author notes. In the first few years after the establishment of the euro area, nominal convergence criteria played the most important role. The MTO was expected to gain greater significance after the first change to the Stability and Growth Pact in 2005. The underlying idea behind the MTO was to provide a margin of safety in order to facilitate the maintenance of the fiscal balance and public debt within the limits specified in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). However, the adopted solutions proved to be ineffective, according to Baran, due to a lack of enforcement mechanisms combined with an inadequate mix of expansionary and pro-cyclical fiscal policies. In the future, the role of the MTO in the EU financial system may increase due to factors including the latest financial and economic crisis, the author says. Under the huge fiscal imbalances and high public debt levels in various EU economies (in 2012 the average debt ratio in the euro area stood at 93% of GDP), the MTO has been assigned a new role - to support the process of restoring the bloc’s fiscal stability, Baran notes. Since 2009, the MTO has been more strongly influenced by the level of debt, the author says. Countries with debt levels higher than a reference value must make an “extra effort” to reduce their debt. Moreover, implicit liabilities in the form of future costs related to population aging have become a new factor shaping the MTO. The rules according to which the MTO is designed have been standardized, but they have also become more complex. The MTO targets for the most heavily indebted countries are now more demanding. The effectiveness of the MTO as a fiscal rule will largely depend on its enforcement as part of the fiscal surveillance process and on the determination of member states in pursuing adjustments, the author concludes.
Celem artykułu jest analiza istoty i znaczenia średniookresowego celu budżetowego (Medium-Term Budgetary Objective, MTO) w systemie reguł budżetowych w UE. W artykule zaprezentowano sposób wyznaczania MTO zgodny z wymogami nowego Paktu Stabilności i Wzrostu, porównano wyniki kalkulacji z celami zadeklarowanymi przez państwa członkowskie w ich programach stabilności/konwergencji z 2012 r. oraz poddano ocenie skuteczność reguły. Na przestrzeni lat funkcja MTO w systemie reguł budżetowych ewoluowała. W pierwszym okresie funkcjonowania strefy euro najważniejszą rolę odgrywały nominalne kryteria konwergencji, a celom średniookresowym przypisywano mniejszą wagę. Numeryczna reguła MTO miała nabrać większego znaczenia po pierwszych zmianach w Pakcie Stabilności i Wzrostu (2005 r.). Podstawą jej koncepcji stał się wówczas margines bezpieczeństwa, który miał ułatwiać utrzymanie salda budżetowego i długu publicznego w granicach określonych w TFUE. Przyjęte rozwiązania okazały się jednak mało skuteczne, między innymi z powodu braku mechanizmów egzekwujących realizację MTO i ekspansywnej postawy państw członkowskich w zakresie polityki budżetowej. Miejsce MTO w systemie reguł budżetowych w UE może wzrosnąć w następstwie kryzysu finansowego i gospodarczego. W obecnych uwarunkowaniach gospodarczych, kiedy państwa UE charakteryzują się znaczną nierównowagą fiskalną i wysokim poziomem długu publicznego, MTO przypisano funkcję wspomagającą proces przywracania stabilności fiskalnej. Od 2009 r., na cel średniookresowy w większym stopniu wpływa wielkość zadłużenia (państwa z poziomem zadłużenia wyższym niż wartość referencyjna muszą uwzględnić „dodatkowy wysiłek” nakierowany na jego redukcję), a dodatkowym czynnikiem kształtującym MTO stały się zobowiązania ukryte czyli przyszłe koszty związane z procesem starzenia się społeczeństwa. Zasady konstrukcji MTO zostały ujednolicone, ale jednocześnie stały się bardziej skomplikowane, a cele bardziej wymagające w stosunku do państw najbardziej zadłużonych. Skuteczność reguły MTO będzie w znacznej mierze zależeć od jej egzekwowania w ramach procesu nadzoru budżetowego oraz determinacji państw w realizacji dostosowań.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2013, 268, 11-12; 23-47
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: System preferencyjnego kredytowania rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Niemczech
The System of Preferential Lending to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Germany
Autorzy:: Karpowicz, Joanna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575069.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014-06-30
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: preferencyjne kredytowanie
małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa
wsparcie publiczne
preferential loans
small and medium-sized enterprises
public support
Opis:: The article looks at how preferential loans are used to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Germany. The author highlights the positive role of the German model for the Polish system of preferential lending to SMEs. The author investigates the effectiveness of available support programs in terms of how they meet the expectations of small and medium-sized enterprises and the economy as a whole. In her analysis, the author uses selected recent statistics and sources of long-term data. These include government reports and studies commissioned by the German economy ministry. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Germany benefit from public support in the form of preferential loans granted by government-owned development bank KfW, Karpowicz notes. The bank offers loans to those wanting to establish their own business, in addition to loans to finance specific projects and support for self-employment. Studies show that the German government’s policy of supporting the SME sector through KfW is well thought out and long-term in nature, the author says. KfW conducts in-depth studies of the German economy and the country’s business environment. However, the bank’s support is not distributed evenly between western and eastern Germany, according to Karpowicz, with western regions claiming the bulk of the funds. The author’s research shows that KfW loans are a key form of public support for Germany’s SME sector. Meanwhile, Poland lacks a comprehensive government-financed system of preferential loans to SMEs, according to the author. Most of the available loan and guarantee programs are financed from European Union coffers and are subject to short-term budgeting, which makes long-term planning difficult. Polish economic policy makers need to develop new tools to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of preferential lending to SMEs, the author argues. One promising initiative is the Polish government’s de minimis guarantee program for the SME sector launched in mid-March 2013 and modeled after German preferential loan programs.
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja rodzaju i skali wsparcia MSP w obszarze preferencyjnego kredytowania w gospodarce niemieckiej oraz wskazanie pozytywnych wzorców niemieckich dla polskiej gospodarki. Podjęto w nim próbę identyfikacji warunków pozyskiwania tego wsparcia oraz efektywności oferowanych programów, zarówno z punktu widzenia oczekiwań MSP, jak i gospodarki jako całości. W analizie tej zostały wykorzystane najnowsze dane statystyczne oraz źródła pozwalające uchwycić długofalowe tendencje. Są to rządowe raporty i analizy wykonane na zlecenie Federalnego Ministerstwa Gospodarki. Wiodącym bankiem koordynującym program preferencyjnego kredytowania jest grupa bankowa Kreditanstal für Wiederaufbau (KfW).Wsparcie publiczne kierowane do sektora MSP w Niemczech przez KfW Bankengruppe występuje głównie w postaci takich instrumentów kredytowych jak kredyty na start, na założenie własnej działalności gospodarczej, kredyt inwestycyjny oraz na wsparcie samozatrudnienia. Badania pokazują, że polityka wsparcia sektora MSP przez bank jest długofalowa i przemyślana. Bank prowadzi dogłębne badania stanu gospodarki oraz dalszego i bliższego otoczenia przedsiębiorstwa. Pomoc ta nie rozkłada się równomiernie między starymi i nowymi krajami związkowymi – z przewagą dla landów zachodnich. Artykuł bezspornie wskazuje środki KfW jako wiodącą formę pomocy publicznej dla sektora MSP w Niemczech. Odmiennie kształtuje się możliwość takiego finansowania MSP w Polsce, która ogranicza się do programów pożyczkowo-poręczeniowych. Dobrym prognostykiem może być, rządowy program gwarancji de minimis dla sektora MSP, działający od połowy marca 2013 r., a skonstruowany na wzór niemieckich programów preferencyjnego kredytowania.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2014, 271, 3; 133-151
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Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Stopień i uwarunkowania internacjonalizacji polskich małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
The Level and Determinants of Internationalization in Poland’s Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Autorzy:: Nowiński, Witold
Nowara, Wanda
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574431.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011-03-31
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:: internationalization
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
export intensity
geographical diversification
non-parametric Spearman correlation analysis
Mann-Whitney U test
multiple regression analysis
Opis:: The article deals with the determinants of the process of internationalization among small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. In particular, Nowiński and Nowara set out to determine the relationship between the intensity of exports and the geographical diversification of exports, on the one hand, and variables such as the experience of companies on foreign markets, their size and the use of niche strategies, on the other. The analysis is based on empirical data obtained through a survey. Research methods used by the authors include non-parametric Spearman correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple regression analysis. The results obtained show that the level of internationalization is related to factors such as company resources and skills as well as experience gained abroad-including both the experience of a company on export markets and experience brought to the company by international executives. The authors found a significant relationship between imports of intermediate goods and the level of internationalization of enterprises. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between the level of internationalization and the size of a company, the authors say. Nowiński and Nowara conclude that the intensity of exports depends on factors such as a company’s export experience and the level of global integration in a sector, while the number of foreign markets targeted is less significant. Generally, the analyzed variables better reflect the intensity rather than geographical diversification of exports, the authors say.
Źródło:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 246, 3; 29-45
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:: Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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