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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Enzymatic activity of actinomycetes from the genus Streptomyces isolated from the bulk soil and rhizosphere of the Pinus sylvestris
    Autorzy:
    Golinska, P.
    Dahm, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41609.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    enzyme activity
    Actinomycetes
    Streptomyces
    isolation
    bulk soil
    forest soil
    rhizosphere
    Pinus sylvestris
    chitinase
    protease
    pectinase
    cellulase
    Opis:
    The enzymatic activity (chitinolytic, proteolytic, pectolytic andcellulolytic) of twenty strains of Streptomyces isolated from soil and rhizosphere of Scots pine was analyzed. Most strains produced chitinases, catalyzing the degradation of chitin, the main component of fungal cell walls including fungi pathogenic for plants. This activity was about 4 times higher in the presence of Fusariumoxysporum than Rhizoctonia solani mycelium or chitin flakes. The number of the proteolytic strains was also significant. In general, rhizosphere and soil organisms synthesizedcomparable amounts of these enzymes. Over half of the analyzed Streptomyces strains produced pectolytic enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectin lyase and pectate lyase). This property was more common among rhizosphere than among soil strains. The Streptomyces strains also showedcellulolytic activity (endocellulases, exocellulases) – enzymes decomposing basic components of cell walls of plant and lower fungi (cellulose). The cellulolytic activity was differentiated and depended on the Streptomyces strain. Conclusion of our studies is that Streptomyces are the microorganisms more chitinolytic andproteolytic than pectolytic and cellulolytic.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2011, 65
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of sawdust amendment on forest soil fungal community and infestation by cockchafers
    Autorzy:
    Kwasna, H.
    Malecka, M.
    Sierota, Z.
    Jaworski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41429.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    sawdust amendment
    Scotch pine
    pine wood
    forest soil
    fungi community
    infestation
    cockchafer
    larva
    Melolontha melolontha
    forest cockchafer
    Melolontha hippocastani
    Opis:
    Effects of Scots pine wood amendment on the fungal community in forest soil infested with cockchafers and foraged or non-foraged by wild boars and hares were investigated. We hypothesized that sawdust amendment would increase the abundance of entomopathogenic and insect-associated species effective in cockchafer predation. The soil dilution method and morphotyping were used for fungal isolation and identification in order to quantify and qualify the viable components of the microbiota that are important for evaluating soil functions. There was usually increased abundance and decreased diversity of soil fungi one year after sawdust amendment. Application of pine sawdust more often increased than decreased the abundance of some insect-associated fungi or dermatophytes and keratinophilic species and decreased the number of cockchafer larvae. Abundance of Geomyces pannorum, Mortierella spp. + M. luteus, Pseudogymnoascus roseus, Tolypocladium inflatum and Trichoderma koningii increased, at least locally, whilst Chrysosporium merdarium, Penicillium spp. (including the most common P. citrinum, P. daleae and P. janczewskii), Sporothrix schenckii and Trichoderma spp. decreased. Application of pine sawdust under roots of 1-year-old Scots pine seedlings significantly increased the abundance of Phoma + Pyrenochaeta spp. in neighbouring soil, thus increasing the risk from Phoma blight. Trichoderma strigosum was among the dominants (frequency >5%). Another six and two Trichoderma species were among the subdominants (frequency 1–5%) and subrecedents (frequency <1%), respectively. Dermatophytes, coprophilous and keratinophilic species, e.g. Cephalotrichum, Chrysosporium merdarium or S. schenckii, occurred only or mostly in foraged plots. The altered communities resulting from pine sawdust amendment may contribute to biological control of the cockchafer larvae.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2016, 75
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of aluminium on Pinus sylvestris seedlings mycorrhizal with aluminium-tolerant and aluminium-sensitive strains of Suillus luteus
    Wpływ glinu na siewki sosny zwyczajnej inokulowane dwoma szczepami grzyba Suillus luteus: tolerancyjnym i wrażliwym na glin
    Autorzy:
    Rudawska, M.
    Kieliszewska-Rokicka, B.
    Leski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41269.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    extramatrical mycelium
    ergosterol
    Pinus sylvestris
    Suillus luteus
    seedling
    forest soil
    ectomycorrhizal fungi
    fungi
    pine seedling
    aluminium
    Opis:
    Mycorrhizal syntheses of pine seedlings were conducted with Suillus luteus (L.) S.F. Gray, a strain No 14 characterised by high tolerance to Al3+ ions and a strain No 62, sensitive to aluminium. The experiment was performed as a semi-sterile culture in a peat-perlite medium with Al3+ ion concentration of 11 mM. Abundant coralloid and cluster mycorrhizas of S. luteus were formed on roots of the inoculated plants at the beginning of the experiment. Aluminium treatment limited mycorrhizal morphotypes to single and dichotomous and significantly reduced the total number of mycorrhizal tips but had no effect on extramatrical mycelium development in the potting substrate. Al treatment did not affect growth of the above-ground part of the tested plants but significantly reduced root growth of mycorrhizal seedlings. The effect of Al on the internal nutrient status was variable and not very much pronounced. A considerable amount of Al was absorbed by the roots and translocated to the shoots. Mycorrhiza formation with both strains of S. luteus did not prevent Al3+ translocation to the upper parts of the tested seedlings. The results suggest that low pH and high Al availability may harmfully influence mycorrhizal symbiosis of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by anega tive effect on fine-root production and fewer short root tips available for colonisation rather than through a direct negative effect of Al3+ ion concentrations on extramatrical mycelium in the soil.
    Syntezę mikoryzową siewek sosny (Pinus sylvestris) z odpornym naglin szczepem Suillus luteus nr 14 i wrażliwym na glin szczepem nr 62 przeprowadzono w warunkach półsterylnych w szklarni. Po nawiązaniu mikoryzy siewki przez 6 miesięcy traktowano roztworem glinu o stężeniu 11 mM przy pH = 3,8. W warunkach kontrolnych (bez glinu) oba szczepy S. luteus tworzyły obfite mikoryzy pojedyncze oraz dichotomicznie i koralowato rozgałęzione. Traktowanie glinem zredukowało morfotypy mikoryzowe do pojedynczych i dichotomicznych oraz znacząco zmniejszyło całkowitą liczbę wierzchołków mikoryzowych na korzeniach siewek, ale nie ograniczyło rozwoju grzybni ekstramatrykalnej. Wwarunkach kontrolnych (bez glinu) rozwój grzybni ekstramatrykalnej, mierzony zawartością ergosterolu w podłożu był podobny w przypadku obu testowanych szczepów. Traktowanie glinem spowodowało pewien wzrost rozwoju grzybni ekstramatrykalnej szczepu tolerancyjnego i nieznaczne zahamowanie wzrostu szczepu wrażliwego. Glin ograniczył znacząco wzrost korzeni, natomiast nie stwierdzono negatywnego wpływu glinu na wzrost części nadziemnych siewek. Siewki traktowane glinem absorbowały w korzeniach znaczne ilości tego metalu, który był także przemieszczany do pędów. Stwierdzono niewielki wpływ glinu na zawartość pierwiastków mineralnych w siewkach. Badania wykazały, że przy zastosowanym wysokim stężeniu glinu szczep Nr 14 wyselekcjonowany w warunkach in vitro jako odporny na glin, nie zahamował przemieszczania jonów Al3+ do części nadziemnych siewek sosny. Wyniki sugerują, że szkodliwe działanie jonów glinu na symbiozę mikoryzową w warunkach niskiego pH polegara czej naogra niczeniu liczby wierzchołków korzeni drobnych, które potencjalnie mogą tworzyć mikoryzy, niż nabezpośrednim wpływie na grzybnię mikoryzową.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2000, 45
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of biostimulant application in containerized Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings after transplanting
    Autorzy:
    Ozyhar, T.
    Mughini, G.
    Marchi, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2077660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    foliar treatment
    forest nursery
    soil drench
    reforestation
    forest ecology
    Opis:
    The use of biostimulants (amino acid containing protein hydrolysate) in forestry field has re- ceived much less attention so far than in agriculture. Promising evidences were reported in literature with useful application for nursery activities, stimulating early growth and reducing transplanting stress. This study investigates the potential benefits induced by an amino acid-based animal-derived protein hydro- lysate biostimulant (Siapton® by Isagro) in containerized Eucalyptus globulus seedlings following transplant- ing. Foliar and soil drench applications were applied using two different concentrations each (2.5 ml.l−1 and 5.0 ml.l−1 for foliar, 10 ml.l−1 and 20 ml.l−1 for soil). Measures on seedling height, apical shot formation, total aboveground (dry weight of leaves and stem) and belowground biomass (dry weight of roots) 120 days after transplanting were made to quantify the effect on growth. The contrasts analysis on results revealed a positive effect of the biostimulant on many of the measured parameters, especially with foliar application using the lowest concentration (2.5 ml.l−1). The foliar application was overall suggested as more efficient than soil drench also allowing lower inputs (i.e. biostimulant quantity). The main consequence of the treatment was an increased biomass allocation in the stem (above ground biomass) due to a stimu- lated leaves production which might suggest an increased photosynthetic activity and growth. Conversely no influence was detectable on total height of seedlings neither on the collar diameter. The biostimulant treatment on containerized Eucalyptus globulus positively influenced some features of seedlings’ growth after transplanting and the use of biostimulant with foliar application during the hardening phase in the nursery, appears to be a promising technique to potentially improve seedling growth after transplanting. An inter- esting impact from application of biostimulant on biomass accumulation following transplanting was here demonstrated. Anyway, further research to verify the results on different tree species as well as under open field conditions is envisioned.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2019, 82; 17-23
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tree growth over three years in response to monthly rainfall in central Amazonia
    Autorzy:
    Camargo, Miguel Angelo Branco
    Marenco, Ricardo Antonio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956816.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    tropical forest
    protium
    eschweilera
    soil water content
    Opis:
    In central Amazonia, annual rainfall distribution is characterized by a short mild dry season which is associated with a slight increase in irradiance and decline in relative humidity, but the effect of variations in these variables on tree growth is still unclear. The objective of this study was to determine how tree growth responds to monthly variations in some climate variables in central Amazonia. Trees of Protium hebetatum Daly (18–20 m tall) and Eschweilera collina Eyma (19–27 m tall) were used in the study and monthly growth rates were measured during 36 months (2010–2012). We also measured irradiance, temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity (RH). Eschweilera and Protium grew at similar rates (0.0557 mm month–1). Temperature and irradiance had no effect on tree growth of these species, but there was a trend for tree growth to increase with increasing both monthly rainfall and minimum relative humidity. If the dry season becomes longer and dryer in response to climate change one can expect that trees currently sensitive to mild drought stress will be the more affected.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2017, 78; 10-17
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Survival and early growth of silver fir and pioneer species on two sites in nurse crop regeneration systems in the Czech Republic
    Autorzy:
    Martiník, A.
    Sendecký, M.
    Urban, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078290.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    disturbance
    silviculture
    soil conditions
    silver birch
    forest regeneration
    Opis:
    Silver fir used to be one of the most important tree species in the Czech forests until the 19th century. Large scale clearcuts, which nowadays occur after the salvage logging of Norway spruce due to wind of bark-beetle attacks are unfavourable for the artificial regeneration of a fir. Growth of silver fir and three pioneer species was studied during first three years in a nurse crop system established after forest dis- turbance events. Five-years-old containerized silver fir seedlings were planted in autumn 2014 with silver birch, alder or aspen with and without nurse crops (control plot) on two localities (Tornádo and Rakovec). The Tornádo site represents natural conditions of Central European forest (Fageta typica) type on a haplic cambisols and favourable soil water regime, while Rakovec site a Querco-Abietetum forest type on a haplic stagnosols, which was periodically waterlogged. Silver fir grew best in admixture with silver birch which significantly promoted the height increment of the firs on both localities and improved the fir survival rate at one of the sites. The lower mortality and faster growth of both silver fir and pioneers were observed on Tornádo site where 92% and 100% of the silver fir trees survived under the birch and aspen cover, respec- tively, while 93% of planted firs survived in the open area. Only 93% and 67% of silver firs survived on the Rakovec site with same two pioneer species, respectively and 73% in the open area. After three years the highest height increment of silver fir was observed under silver birch, where trees were by 20 cm and 11 cm taller at Tornádo and Rakovec sites, than on the control plots, respectively. Aspen and alder had no significant effect on the height increment of a silver fir at any of the study sites. The shelter of nurse crops had no effect on the air temperature. The artificial regeneration of a climax silver fir and a pioneer silver birch was beneficial on Tornádo sites. On the other hand, there should be a delay between the regeneration of silver birch and underplanting of fir on the waterlogged sites.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2018, 80; 81-90
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Diversity of spruce ectomycorrhizal morphotypes in four mature forest stands in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Karlinski, L
    Kieliszewska-Rokicka, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41194.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Polska
    air pollution
    mature forest stand
    forest stand
    ectomycorrhizal diversity
    Picea abies
    Norway spruce
    forest type
    environment pollution
    soil
    Opis:
    Ectomycorrhizal communities structure of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. (Karst.) was studied in four mature forest stands: Brenna, Salmopol, Zwierzyniec and Mirachowo. Morphological classification was used to distinguish the major mycorrhizal types associated with spruce in different forest types. Three of the foreststands were located within the natural geographical range of Norway spruce (Brenna, Salmopol, Zwierzyniec) and one (Mirachowo) was located in so-called “spruce-less zone”. The sites differed in terms of environmental pollution. The mountain sites (Brenna, Salmopol) were characterized by relatively high levels of air pollution. The upland forest stand (Zwierzyniec), located in the southeastern part of Poland, was affected by a moderate pollution. The lowland stand in northern Poland (Mirachowo) was free from direct impact of anthropogenic pollution. The level of mycorrhizal colonization was 100% at all the study sites. Thirty-seven mycorrhizal morphotypes were distinguished in total. The number of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes varied between sites from 12 in Salmopol to 28 in Zwierzyniec. From one to three dominant morphotypes were found at the study site. Site-specific morhotypes were also observed. The frequency of mycorrhizal morphotypes differed between the forest stands.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2004, 51; 25-35
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of land relief and soil properties on stand structure of overgrown oak forests of coppice origin with Sorbus torminalis
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T.H.
    Szymura, M.
    Pietrzak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41135.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    land relief
    soil property
    stand structure
    overgrown coppice oak
    oak forest
    coppice
    Sorbus torminalis
    regeneration
    forest management
    Opis:
    Traditional forest management as coppicing and coppicing-with-standard are recently considered as beneficial for biodiversity in woodlands. Cessation of coppicing leads to changes in stand structure and often loss of biodiversity. In contemporary Polish forestry coppicing is not applied, however some stands of coppice origin persist in Silesia until present. The overgrown coppice oak forests that cover the southern slopes at the foothills of the Sudetes Mountains (Silesia, Central Europe) are considered to be Euro-Siberian steppic woods with a Quercus sp. habitat (91I0): a priority habitat in the European Union, according to the Natura 2000 system. They support one of the largest populations of wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis Crantz) in Poland. In this study we investigated the relation of stand structure and trees parameters with environmental variables. The results showed considerable variability of stand volume, tree density and stems’ size correlated mostly with soil texture, but not nutrient content. We attributed it to soil dryness which seems to be the crucial factor controlling growth of trees. The natural regeneration of trees concentrated mostly on non-exposed sites on less acidic soils, but seedlings of wild service tree were present almost exclusively on most insolated sites, with shallow acidic soils. However, the regeneration of trees in sapling stage was restrained by browsing. Results suggest that maintaining of Sorbus torminalis requires protection against browsing, and some kind of active management is necessary to retain the observed stand structure with high proportion of wild service trees in stands on more fertile soils.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2014, 71
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Physiological activity of ectomycorrhizas in a moderately polluted forest (Ratanica catchment, Southern Poland)
    Aktywność fizjologiczna ektomikoryz w średnio zanieczyszczonym lesie (zlewnia potoku Ratanica, południowa Polska)
    Autorzy:
    Kieliszewska-Rokicka, B.
    Kurczynska, E.U.
    Leski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41475.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Scotch pine
    Polska
    Fagus sylvatica
    beech
    ectomycorrhiza
    polluted forest
    fluorescein diacetate
    physiological activity
    root
    acid phosphatase
    soil
    Pinus sylvestris
    anatomy
    Ratanica catchment
    forest
    Opis:
    Ectomycorrhizas of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were sampled in a mature forest ecosystem exposed for more than 40 years to moderate levels of gaseous and dust pollutants. Soil of the forest site was characterised by low pH and accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe). Mycorrhizal vitality and enzyme activity of the root-surface and soil acid phosphatase (AcPase) were studied at 17 measurement points (0–5 cm soil depth) in relation to the content of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and aluminium ions (Al3+) in the soil. Anatomy of Scots pine and beech mycorrhizas taken from different measurement points was observed. The concentration of essential nutrients (C, N, P, Ca, Mg) and the ratios Ca/Al, Mg/Al and N/P were analysed in fine roots. High concentrations of Al3+ in the soil (40–118 meq kg-1) and low levels of Pi (12–44 mg P2O5 kg-1) were accompanied by high activity of the root-surface AcPase of pine and beech mycorrhizas (25–67 and 33–86 μmol pNP g-1 fresh weight h-1, respectively) and soil AcPase (6.8–22.4 μmol pNP g-1 dry weight h-1). The results indicate that fine tree roots are undoubtedly under stress as evidenced by a disturbance in P uptake and accumulation. However, the high vitality of mycorrhizas and the high Ca/Al ratio in fine roots suggest that the defence mechanisms of mycorrhizas and the rhizosphere are still able to ameliorate the influence of anthropogenic pollution.
    Badania ektomikoryz sosny (Pinus sylvestris L.) i buka( Fagus sylvatica L.) prowadzono na Pogórzu Karpackim w dorosłym drzewostanie, który przez ponad 40 lat znajdował się pod wpływem gazowych i pyłowych zanieczyszczeń powietrza o średnich stężeniach. Gleby badanego ekosystemu leśnego cechowało niskie pH oraz znaczna akumulacja metali ciężkich (Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe). Badano zależność między stężeniem nieorganicznego fosforanu w glebie, a aktywnością enzymatyczną kwaśnej fosfatazy mikoryz i gleby. Analizowano także stężenia pierwiastków odżywczych (C, N, P, Ca, Mg) oraz jonów glinu (Al3+) w korzeniach drobnych. Mikoryzy sosny i buka były analizowane pod względem budowy anatomicznej oraz żywotności. Stwierdzono stosunkowo wysokie stężenie jonów Al3+ w glebie (40–118 meq kg-1) i niski poziom nieorganicznego fosforanu (Pi) (12–44 mg P2O5 kg-1). Jednocześnie zarejestrowano wysoką aktywność powierzchniowej kwaśnej fosfatazy mikoryz sosny i buka(odpowiednio, 25–67 i 33–86 μmoli pNP g-1 świeżej masy h-1) oraz kwaśnej fosfatazy gleby (6,8–22,4 μmoli pNP g-1 suchej masy h-1). Stężeniafosforu w korzeniach drobnych (poniżej stężeń uważanych za optymalne) oraz wysoki stosunek N/P pokazują, że pobieranie i akumulację fosforu przez systemy korzeni drobnych sosny i bukajest niedostateczne, mimo wysokiej aktywności kwaśnej fosfatazy. Budowa anatomiczna mikoryz, stosunkowo duży udział żywych mikoryz w systemie korzeni drobnych oraz wysoki stosunek Ca/Al w korzeniach sosny i buka(odpowiednio, 1,79 i 2,38) sugerują, że mechanizmy obronne mikoryz i mikroorganizmów ryzosfery mają zdolność łagodzenia wpływu zanieczyszczeń antropogenicznych.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2000, 45
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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